Tectono-Thermal Events and Chronological Framework in Zoige and Its Periphery
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摘要: 通过对川陕甘矿产资源“金三角”地区若尔盖及其周缘沉积建造特征、构造-热事件放射性年代学测试以及磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学测试等综合研究表明，若尔盖地区自印支末期以来，共发生了7次构造-热事件：(1)卡尼末-诺利初期构造-热事件(D1)；(2)早侏罗世(200~180 Ma)构造-热事件(D2)；(3)晚侏罗-早白垩世(160~140 Ma)构造-热事件(D3)；(4)早白垩世(130~110 Ma)构造-热事件(D4)；(5)古新世(70~60 Ma)构造-热事件(D5)；(6)50~40 Ma构造-热事件(D6)；(7)20 Ma左右构造-热事件(D7).其中D1期构造-热事件为若尔盖地区主褶皱造山构造运动，基本奠定若尔盖及其周缘地区区域构造格架；D2、D4为区域关键构造变革期，导致构造-热体制(压性与张性)的关键转换，对区域成矿具有重要意义；最晚期事件(D7期)为青藏高原东北缘高原地貌定型期.Abstract: Based on analysis of the sedimentary features, fission track data, ESR dating and Ar-Ar dating, we argue that there are seven tectono-thermal events in Zoige and its periphery from the Late Triassic. The first tectono-thermal events (D1) took place at the end of the Carnian to the beginning of the Norian stage to form the tectonic framework of Zoige area; the second (D2) and the fourth (D4) tectono-thermal events took place at the early of Jurassic (200－180 Ma) and 130-110 Ma, respectively. They are the key change events in tectonic framework at each time. The seventh (D7) took place at the early of Miocene (~20 Ma), as the most important tectonic event to form the Tibet Plateau. The other three events (D3, D5, D6) took place at 160－140 Ma, 70－60 Ma, 50－40 Ma, respectively.
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Key words:
- aptatite fission track /
- ESR dating /
- geochronology /
- tectono-thermal events /
- Zoige /
- eastern margin of Tibet
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图 2 若尔盖地区晚三叠世复理石沉积岩相(古地理)分布
a.卡尼晚期；b.卡尼晚期-诺利早期
Fig. 2. Lithofacies palaeogeography of Late Triassic in in Zoige area
图 3 西秦岭若尔盖及周缘地区放射性测年值统计直方图
参考数据来源：郑明华等，1994；杨俊龙和余必胜，1997；王平安等，1998；邵世才和汪东波，2001；张晓军等，2002；齐金忠等，2003
Fig. 3. Histogram of radiometric ages of Zoige and its periphery in West Qinling
图 4 若尔盖-唐克地区磷灰石裂变径迹反演抬升冷却事件(其中样品TH1、PW1据刘春平，2006)
Fig. 4. Cooling histories and their cooling events from AFT data in Zoige
表 1 若尔盖及周缘地区火成岩同位素测年结果
Table 1. Isotopic dating of igneous rock in Zoige and its periphery
时代 原始样号 采样样点及岩样 年龄(Ma) 补充说明 E 77-R-902 拉尔玛金矿、铀钼型矿石 14~21 U-Pb测年 R-512-34 拉尔玛金矿、铀钼型矿石 22~30 C-112 拉尔玛金矿、铀钼型矿石 24~33 IP-53 东北寨金矿、碳质板岩 41 H-B7 东北寨金矿、若蚀变辉绿玢岩 47 K2 包络错米闪长岩 燕云乡N32°32′，E103°14.16′ 67 年茶铺 斜长花岗斑岩 89.0 K-Ar测 89094 腊子口茶铺、斜长花岗斑岩 102.3±8.2 老虎沟口脉岩 黑河乡N30°34′20″，E104°04′30″ 104±16 Rb-Sr测年 隆雷郎闪长岩 卡隆乡N32°46′，E103°07′ 106 K1 羊拱海花岗岩 黑水县N32°10.37′，E102°37.58′ 110.8 K-Ar测年 达盖寨花岗岩 扎窝乡N32°18′，E103°05.12′ 112 财GS1-5 财宝山、流纹英安岩 112±27 Rb-Sr测年 剑科闪长岩 毛尔盖乡N32°32.33′，E103°02.03′ 115 K-Ar测年 CM48-62 东北寨金矿、薄层泥灰岩 115 U-Pb测年 润德闪长岩 泽盖乡N32°14′，E102°55.59′ 123.2 K-Ar测年 年保也则花岗岩 久治县N32°59′，E101°11.15′ 125.6±3 J3 TC51 降扎、花岗斑岩 151.3±2.0 TC52 降扎、花岗斑岩 156.0±2.0 紫柏杉花岗岩 虎牙乡N32°35.37′，E103°05.57′ 164 D5996TW1 财宝山、英安岩 173.21±4.37 J1-2 崇TW1 崇尔、斜长花岗斑岩 183.2 财TW1-5 财宝山、英安岩 183.2 K-Ar测年 89096 邛莫、次安山岩 183.2±6.6 D6115TW1 财宝山、玄武岩 185.22±4.15 89097 邛莫、次安山岩 186.3±6.7 2842DL 萨木擦库合、闪斜煌斑岩 187.8 纳隆柯闪长岩 红星乡N24°01′00″，E102°46′30″ 189.28 玛洼闪长岩 包坐N33°37.17′，E103°19.67′ 190.7±0.6 U-Pb测年 D5784TW1 财宝山、黑云母 193.74±4.46 K-Ar测年 2984DL 八甘卡、闪长玢岩 195.6±3 T3 贡TW4 贡巴、安山岩 204.8 玄浦沟花岗岩 塔藏乡N32°20′00″，E103°53′30″ 204 U-Pb测年 贡TW16 贡巴、安山岩 206.3 K-Ar测年 参考数据来源：四川省地矿局川西北地质队，1992；杨俊龙和余必胜，1997；采用国际地层年代表，2004. 
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表 2 若尔盖及周边地区电子自旋共振(ESR)测年结果
Table 2. Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) in Zoige and its periphery
时代 样品编号 GPS地点 采样描述 顺磁浓度(15Sp/g) 铀当量(μg/g) 年龄(Ma) E s-7-13-2 N32°53.803′
E103°30.294′川主寺北西郎川公路晚三叠世杂谷脑组石英脉 0.235 1.10 36.0±3.5 s-5-30-1 白依沟 志留系硅质岩石英 0.291 0.67 47.8±5.0 S-6-27-1 N32°36.888′
E101°33.537′安羌乡东5 km处晚三叠世新都桥组石英脉体 0.080 1.25 47.9±5.0 S-7-15-3 N32°20.281′
E103°34.531′马拉墩乡东部晚三叠世新都桥组节理石英脉 0.490 1.06 59.0±6.0 K 06-6-3-1 N32°12.499′
E102°33.473′黑水断裂脆性破裂伴生石英 0.110 1.08 69.8±7.0 06-6-3-2 N32°12.661′
E102°37.437 ′黑水断裂千枚岩左旋石英脉体 0.157 0.57 93.4±9.0 S-7-15-1 N32°35.400′
E103°36.615′雄山村晚三叠世新都桥组节理石英 0.808 0.67 95.6±9.6 R31 N33°28′7.6″
E102°39′16.9″晚三叠世新都桥组粉砂岩顺层条带状石英脉 0.700 1.12 110.5±11.0 NARU组 N35°04.145′
E102°54.464′合作北晚三叠世杂谷脑组切层石英脉体 0.080 1.30 122.1±13.0 S-7-13-1 N32°53.803′
E103°30.294′川主寺北西郎川公路晚三叠世杂谷脑组石英脉 0.270 1.26 127.7±13.0 R15 N33°39′8.3″
E103°20′17.3″巴西电站西晚三叠世杂谷脑组石英脉 0.149 2.56 128.6±13.0 J R35 N33°28′32.8″
E102°39′29′晚三叠世新都桥组砂岩布丁中石英脉 0.808 0.65 143.2±14.0 R17 N33°38′35.1″
E103°20′17.1″晚三叠世侏倭组顺层破碎带石英脉体 0.760 0.54 146.3±14.0 R28 R17W采石场 晚三叠世侏倭组中薄层砂岩层层内石英脉 0.730 1.10 148.6±15.0 R25 R17W采石场 晚三叠世侏倭组破碎带内砂岩中石英脉 0.110 1.08 157.5±16.0 GPS64 N34°28.350′
E104°04.695′岷县北东5 km处顺层节理破裂缝石英脉 0.327 1.60 160.7±16.0 GPS64 N34°28.350′
E104°04.695′岷县北东5 km处切层节理破裂缝石英脉 0.361 0.93 167.3±17.0
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表 3 若尔盖地区样品磷灰石裂变径迹分析结果
Table 3. The fission track analysis data of apatite in Zoige
样号 GPS点 地层 岩性 高程 颗粒数n ρs (105 cm-2)(Ns) ρi (105 cm-2)(Ni) P(χ2)% 中值年龄(Ma)(±1σ) L(μm)(N) HF1
(S210)N33°24′53.2″
E102°33′36.7″T3zh 砂岩 3 578 m 26 1.714
(265)11.372
(1 758)99.5 50±4 13.1±1.8
(92)HF2
(S213)N33°25′35.6″
E102°34′48.8″T3zh 砂岩 3 510 m 25 1.731
(407)8.427
(1 981)68.7 68±5 12.7±1.9
(106)HF3
(S215)N33°27′34.0″
E102°39′00.5″T3zh 砂岩 3 480 m 22 2.446
(334)12.076
(1 649)98.4 67±5 12.5±1.8
(106)HF4
(S221)N33°28′42.3″
E102°39′36.6″T3x 砂岩 3 506 m 21 1.785
(399)9.629
(2 153)82.0 61±4 12.2±1.8
(100)HF5
(S232)N33°29′25.9″
E102°40′11.9″T3zh 砂岩 3 482 m 23 1.448
(272)7.803
(1 466)45.8 61±5 13.4±1.5
(109)注：n=颗粒数；ρs=自发径迹密度；Ns=自发径迹条数；ρi=诱发径迹密度；Ni=诱发径迹条数；P(χ2)=检验概率；中值年龄±σ=径迹年龄±标准差；L=径迹长度；N=封闭径迹条数.样品由中国科学院高能物理所测试.
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表 4 若尔盖地区构造-热事件年代学框架
Table 4. Tectono-thermal events and Chronological Frame in Ruoergai area
构造期 构造-热事件 主要证据 代号 印支末期 卡尼末期-诺利初期 1.沉积建造；2.区域低温动热变质作用；3.U-Pb测年；4.K-Ar测年 D1 早侏罗世(200~180 Ma) 1.K-Ar测年；2.U-Pb测年；3.沉积建造 D2 燕山期 晚侏罗-早白垩世(160~140 Ma) 1.K-Ar测年；2.U-Pb测年；3.ESR测年 D3 早白垩世(130~120 Ma) 1.ESR测年；2.K-Ar测年；3.Rb-Sr测年；4.磷灰石裂变径迹年龄；5.沉积建造 D4 古新世(70~60 Ma左右) 1.ESR测年；2.K-Ar测年；3.磷灰石裂变径迹年龄；4.区域地质资料 D5 喜马拉雅期 50~40 Ma 1.ESR测年；2.U-Pb测年；3.磷灰石裂变径迹年龄；4.岩浆作用 D6 20 Ma左右 1.磷灰石裂变径迹年龄；2.U-Th-Pb测年；3.岩浆作用；4.区域地质资料 D7
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