Landslide Development and the Geological Process of Watercourse Evolution in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area
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摘要: 据区域地质灾害调查，三峡库区发育有数以千计的滑坡.年代学研究表明，三峡地区的滑坡均发生于第四纪中更新世中后期，并具有明显的阶段性特征，滑坡的高发期大致为：(41~37)×104 aBP、(31~27)×104 aBP和(17~5)×104 aBP.滑坡发育与区域新构造抬升和河流地貌形成的地质过程相一致，且主要发生在第四纪的间冰期，表明滑坡与构造抬升、气候变暖、长江河道快速下切贯通发展具有一定的耦合关系.三峡地区尚未发现年龄超过54×104 aBP的滑坡，据此推测长江贯通三峡的时间可能在早更新世.Abstract: According to the regional survey for geo-hazards, thousands of landslides occurred in the Three Gorges reservoir area. Chronology studies show that these landslides mostly occurred after the Mid-Pleistocene and could be divided in 3 stages, namely, (41-37)×104 aBP, (31-27)×104 aBP and (17-5)×104 aBP. These landslides mostly occurred in the interglacial period and could be well related with the regional uplift and geological process of the formation of river landform in the Three Gorges area. Based on these, we conclude that the occurrence of the landslides can be well correlated with tectonic uplift, climate change, rapidly down-cutting and breakthrough development in the Yangtze River. It is inferred that the cut-through timing of the Three Gorges probably be Early Pleistocene mainly owing to the loss of landslides which ages older than 54×104 aBP.
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Key words:
- Three Gorges /
- landslides /
- evolution of the river channel /
- geological process /
- engineering geology
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图 2 长江三峡及邻区新构造运动、地貌过程、气候变化与滑坡事件的相关性分析
Fig. 2. The correlation analysis between landslide and neotectonics, geomorphological process, climate change in Three Gorges and adjacent areas
表 1 三峡库区古滑坡绝对年龄(邓清禄，2000)
Table 1. The age of paleo-landslide in Three Gorges area
序号 滑坡名 样品 测定方法 年龄(104 aBP) 资料来源 1 杨家岭 平洞滑带土 TL 2.7 长江水利委员会勘测总队报告，1990 2 大坪 滑带土 TL 27.7±1.39 湖北省水文队报告, 1989, 1995 3 谭家湾 平洞滑带土 TL 7.48±2.24 长江水利委员会勘测总队报告，1990 4 新滩 平洞滑带土 TL 4.46±0.89 长江水利委员会勘测总队报告，1990 5 黄腊石大石板 平洞滑带土 TL 10.58 ±2.68 12±3.6 湖北省水文队报告, 1989, 1995 6 黄腊石石榴树包 滑带土 TL 29.55±2.36 湖北省水文队报告, 1989, 1995 7 台子角 滑带土 ESR 8.58 ±2.57 8.06±2.58 湖北省水文队报告, 1989, 1995 8 赵树岭 滑带土 TL 11.68±0.9 长江水利委员会综合勘测局报告，1996 9 黄土坡滑坡(上部) 滑带土石英 TL 39.25 41.2 37.29 湖北省水文队报告, 1991, 2001 10 曲尺盘 滑带土 ESR 9.1±1.8 长江水利委员会综合勘测局报告，1996 11 百换坪 滑带土 TL 33.14±1.65 长江水利委员会综合勘测局报告，1996 12 藉塘 TL 16~17 长江水利委员会综合勘测局报告，1996 13 故陵 ESR ESR TL 12.6 ±0.63 12.46±1.03 14.28 ±1.20 长江水利委员会综合勘测局报告，1996 14 旧县坪西滑体 滑带土 TL ESR 2.92 ±0.14 5.61±1.68 长江水利委员会综合勘测局，1996 15 茨草沱 滑带土 TL 26.6±1.33 长江水利委员会综合勘测局报告，1996 
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