Characteristics of Hydroxyl in Lherzolite from Different Geological Setting
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摘要: 名义无水矿物(NAMs)中的结构水在地球内部演化中扮演了重要角色.应用红外光谱对产自5个构造背景下的13个二辉橄榄岩进行了详细的结构水测定,探讨不同构造背景下橄榄岩结构水的含量和赋存机制.研究显示,全岩和橄榄石结构水含量按构造背景从高到低排序,依次为超高压地体、地幔柱、稳定克拉通、俯冲带和活化克拉通,反映了橄榄岩的水含量与构造环境具有显著相关性.在相同构造背景下,石榴石二辉橄榄岩比尖晶石二辉橄榄岩含更多结构水,表明上地幔水分布可能具有分层性.超高压地体和稳定克拉通样品中橄榄石具有[Si]空位导致的吸收峰3 611~3 613 cm-1,而缺乏由[Fe3+]引起的吸收峰3 325 cm-1和3 355 cm-1,表明地幔的还原性随深度增强.Abstract: Hydroxyl in minerals from upper mantle peridotite plays an important role in the evolution of the earth's interior. In order to understand the correlation between geological setting and hydroxyl incorporation in lherzolite,OH contents of 13 garnet/spinel lherzolite samples from different geological settings (i.e. stable craton,reactivated craton,mantle plume,subduction zone and UHP terrane) were investigated by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. The results demonstrate: (1) water contents in olivine and bulk rock follow the trend of UHP terrain >mantle plumb>stable craton >subduction zone >activated craton; (2) garnet lherzolite contains more water than that of spinel lherzolite for samples from the same geological setting,indicating that the upper mantle should be stratified with depth in terms of water distribution; (3) the presence of [Si] deficiency-caused IR peaks at 3 611-3 613 cm-1 together with the absence of [Fe3+] caused peaks at 3 325 cm-1 and 3 355 cm-1 indicates the upper mantle is more reduced with increasing pressure.
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Key words:
- geological setting /
- lherzolite /
- fourier transform infrared /
- hydroxyl /
- tectonics /
- geophysics
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图 1 不同构造背景下二辉橄榄岩样品显微照片
a.大麻坪尖晶石二辉橄榄岩样品DMP-18，单偏光；b.大麻坪尖晶石二辉橄榄岩样品DMP-18，正交偏光；c.南非金伯利岩石榴石二辉橄榄岩SA-1，单偏光；d.南非金伯利岩石榴石二辉橄榄岩SA-1，正交偏光；e.明溪石榴石二辉橄榄样品M1，正交偏光；f.明溪石榴石二辉橄榄样品M1，正交偏光；g.阿尔卑斯石榴石二辉橄榄岩样品Arami-1，单偏光；h.阿尔卑斯石榴石二辉橄榄岩样品Arami-1，正交偏光；i.夏威夷尖晶石二辉橄榄岩HW-1，单偏光；j.夏威夷尖晶石二辉橄榄岩HW-1正交偏光
Fig. 1. Photomicrographaphs of lherzolite from different geological settings
图 2 二辉橄榄岩(a)单斜辉石、(b)斜方辉石、(c)橄榄石红外吸收谱线
Fig. 2. Representative FTIR spectra of clinepyroxene (a), orthopyroxene (b), olivine (c) in lherzolite from different geological settings
图 3 不同构造背景下橄榄岩中两种辉石结构水含量分配系数
a.本次研究样品来自南非、大麻坪、明溪、夏威夷、Arami；b.全球不同地区橄榄岩两种辉石结构水含量分配系数(前人研究).图释说明：NCC.华北克拉通(Yang et al., 2008; Bonadiman et al., 2009; Xia et al., 2010; Xia et al., 2012)；CP.北美科罗拉多高原(Matveev and Stachel, 2007; Li et al., 2008)；SA.南非卡普瓦尔克拉通(Kurosawa et al., 1997; Bell et al., 2004; Grant et al., 2007; Peslier et al., 2010)；SEC.中国东南部(Yu et al., 2011)；Off C.非克拉通地区(Kurosawa et al., 1997; Peslier and Luhr 2006; Grant et al., 2007; Li et al., 2008; Sundvall and Stalder, 2011)；MW.地幔楔(Kurosawa et al., 1997; Peslier et al., 2006; Muramoto et al., 2011)
Fig. 3. OH partitioning coefficient between opx and cpx in lherzolite
图 4 橄榄岩橄榄石与单斜辉石(a)和斜方辉石(b)结构水含量相关性(图释同图 3)
Fig. 4. Measured water contents in olivine plotted against water contents in cpx (a) and opx (b) in peridotite xenoliths from different tectonic regions
图 5 Al3+数目与3 530 cm-1吸收峰强度关系
Fig. 5. Correlation between absorption coeficients for the 3 540 cm-1 band in clinopyroxene spectra and Al3+ content
表 1 二辉橄榄岩矿物化学组成
Table 1. Representative compositions of minerals in lherzolites
明溪石榴石二辉橄榄岩(M-1) 明溪尖晶石二辉橄榄岩(M-2) 大麻坪(DMP-18) cpx opx ol gt cpx opx ol sp cpx opx ol sp SiO2 52.58 55.27 41.06 42.27 52.61 54.38 0.01 0.09 52.10 55.49 41.00 0.06 TiO2 0.47 0.14 0.00 0.16 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.44 0.05 0.02 0.11 Al2O3 6.00 4.39 0.03 22.74 4.42 4.17 9.72 47.15 5.82 3.53 0.00 54.56 FeO* 2.91 0.57 9.82 7.76 2.76 5.86 0.02 12.37 2.53 6.21 9.47 12.08 MnO 0.06 6.12 0.14 0.28 0.06 0.10 0.00 0.17 0.07 0.11 0.10 0.13 MgO 15.10 0.09 47.98 19.50 16.59 32.45 0.14 19.06 14.70 32.81 48.39 19.50 CaO 19.41 31.42 0.08 5.06 21.07 0.95 48.06 0.00 21.40 0.59 0.02 0.00 Na2O 1.56 0.85 0.01 0.00 0.70 0.05 41.03 0.00 1.49 0.06 0.00 0.00 K2O 0.01 0.13 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3 1.28 0.00 0.05 1.59 1.00 0.62 0.00 20.75 0.82 0.32 0.01 12.58 NiO 0.05 0.12 0.31 0.00 0.03 0.12 0.10 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.35 ZnO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sum 99.45 99.09 99.47 99.35 99.34 98.76 99.15 99.96 99.30 99.17 99.00 99.35 Mg# 90.24 90.15 89.70 81.74 91.47 90.81 90.30 91.19 90.80 90.11 夏威夷尖晶石二辉橄榄岩(HW-2) 南非石榴石二辉橄榄岩(SA-1) cpx opx ol sp cpx opx ol gt SiO2 52.11 54.95 41.03 0.04 54.59 57.83 41.17 41.29 TiO2 0.14 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.17 0.04 0.03 0.11 Al2O3 5.35 3.69 0.01 45.31 2.89 0.74 0.00 22.42 FeO* 2.81 6.16 9.86 12.65 2.59 5.26 8.22 8.55 MnO 0.06 0.13 0.17 0.09 0.04 0.09 0.09 0.39 MgO 15.17 32.09 47.82 18.17 15.11 34.79 49.05 19.14 CaO 20.73 0.84 0.06 0.00 20.11 0.24 0.01 4.57 Na2O 1.52 0.09 0.00 0.00 2.33 0.05 0.00 0.00 K2O 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3 1.26 0.65 0.00 21.72 1.31 0.09 0.01 1.54 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.08 0.12 0.30 0.00 ZnO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sum 99.16 98.66 99.00 98.28 99.23 99.24 98.88 98.00 Mg# 90.59 90.28 89.63 91.23 92.19 91.40 注：除尖晶石外，Fe当作FeO.Mg#=Mg/(Mg+Fe). 
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表 2 不同构造背景二辉橄榄岩结构水含量
Table 2. Summary of OH concentrations of cpx, opx and ol in lherzolite from different geological settings
构造背景 超高压地体 稳定克拉通 活化克拉通 地幔柱 俯冲带 样品 Arami SA-1 DMP-18 HW-1 HW-2 M-1 M11-5 M11-14 M11-16 M11-17 M-2 M11-44 M11-46 岩性 gt lher gt lher sp lher lher sp lher gt lher gt lher gt lher gt lher gt lher sp lher sp lher sp lher cpx 420 513 200 550 - 230 299 275 287 169 172 203 151 opx 163 202 63 195 179 100 82 105 133 78 134 91 97 ol 112 80 0 110 26 21 20 18 25 16 16 10 11 全岩 156 138 25 197 50 50 67 84 81 59 35 46 36 注：矿物代号见表 1.表中水含量单位是10-6.夏威夷HW-2单斜辉石颗粒粒径过小，低于检测线.
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表 3 不同构造背景二辉橄榄岩橄榄石红外吸收峰(cm-1)以及与之对应晶格缺陷
Table 3. OH band position (cm-1) and possible planer OH-earing defect for mantle olivine
超高压 地幔柱 地幔柱 俯冲带 俯冲带 稳定克拉通 晶格缺陷和矿物相 gt lher lher sp lher gt lher spinel lher gt lher 3 637 3 637 serpentine 3 623 3 613 3 611 Si 3 591 10 Å-phase， 3 571 3 571 3 571 3 571 3 571 3 571 Ti-clinohumite 3 524 3 524 3 527 3 524 3 524(7) 3 524 Ti-clinohumite 3 355 3 355 3 355 3 355 Fe3+ 3 325 Fe3+ 3 425 Ti-clinohumite 3 481 3 437 3 437 3 660 10 Å-phase
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