Identifying Updip Pinch-Out Sandstone in Subaqueous Slump Fans of Yonger Member Using Acoustic Impedance and Instantaneous Phase in Wanchang Area, Yitong Basin
-
摘要: 上倾尖灭型油气藏是岩性油气藏的基本类型之一.对上倾尖灭砂体的识别是岩性油气藏勘探的任务之一.在对比单一利用地震资料、地震属性和波阻抗反演等方法进行砂体识别的优缺点后, 提出运用波阻抗和瞬时相位相叠合的新方法对砂体进行识别.运用此方法, 对万昌地区水下滑塌扇内部上倾尖灭砂体进行了精细解释和分析.得出以下结论: (1)通过钻井岩心识别沉积相类型, 结合均方根振幅属性和同沉积断层分布情况, 可以准确地确定伊通盆地万昌地区永二段水下滑塌扇的分布范围; (2)用波阻抗和瞬时相位属性联合的方法对水下滑塌扇内部上倾尖灭砂体进行识别取得了较好的效果, 万昌地区WC1井附近水下滑塌扇内至少有两期最具油气勘探价值的上倾尖灭砂体.Abstract: Updip pinch-out reservoir is one of the lithologic reservoirs. Identifying updip pinch-out reservoir is a major task of lithological reservoir exploration. In this study, analysis of the 3D seismic reflection, instantaneous phase and acoustic impedance is conducted to identify and interpret the sandstone. It is found that the combined data of acoustic impedance and the instantaneous phase has better detectability and is more reliable indicator of the sandstone distribution than any of these individual seismic data including the 3D seismic reflection, instantaneous phase and acoustic impedance.In Wanchang area, combined analysis of the acoustic impedance and instantaneous phase in the subaqueous slump fans is a valid approach for identifying and interpreting the updip pinch-out sandstone. Two major findings are as follows: (1) Combined analysis of the cores, seismic attribution and the distribution of the synsedimentary faults could exactly identify the distribution of the subaqueous slump fans in the Wanchang area. (2) After identifying updip pinch-out sandstone in subaqueous slump fans using acoustic impedance and the instantaneous phase in the Wanchang area, there are at least two stages updip pinch-out sandstone near well WC1 in subaqueous slump fans which are most potential in Wanchang area.
-
图 1 伊通盆地构造单元(a)伊通盆地综合柱状图(b)万昌构造带永二段等T0构造图(c)(据Shi et al., 2012)
a图释: 1.孤店斜坡带；2.波太凹陷；3.文昌构造带；4.新安堡凹陷；5.梁家构造带；6.五星构造带；7.大南凹陷；8.尖山隆起带；9.马鞍山凹陷；10.靠山凹陷
Fig. 1. The structural units of the Yitong Basin (a), generalized stratigraphic column of the Yitong Basin showing the formations and the sequences (b), the burial depth of time of Yonger Member in Wanchang area (c)
图 2 伊通盆地万昌地区C15-WC1-C34井连进剖面
Fig. 2. Well C15-well WC1-well C34 well correlation profiles showing the lithological and sedimentary characteristics of the Yonger Member
图 3 伊通盆地万昌地区水下滑塌扇和近岸水下扇的岩心沉积构造特征
a.C17井, 1 945 m, 滑塌变形, 砂、泥及泥质团块混杂堆积, 近岸水下扇；b.C17井, 1 939 m, 滑塌变形, 砂、泥及泥质团块混杂堆积, 近岸水下扇；c.C15井, 1 647.15 m, 鲍玛序列A段, 递变层理, 近岸水下扇；d.C15井, 1 640.47 m, 鲍玛序列A段, 递变层理, 近岸水下扇；e.C27井, 3 487 m, 沙纹层理, 水下滑塌扇；f.C27井, 2 053 m, 水下滑塌扇, 沙纹层理；g.C15井, 1 640 m, 鲍玛序列BC段, 平行层理细砂岩段(B)+沙纹层理粉砂岩段(C), 近岸水下扇；h.C27井, 3 742 m, 沙纹层理, 水下滑塌扇；i.C27井, 3 497 m, 沙纹层理, 水下滑塌扇；j.WC1井, 2 812.20 m, 沙纹层理, 水下滑塌扇；k.WC1井, 2 612 m, 水下滑塌扇冲刷面；l.WC1井, 2 685.70 m, 水下滑塌扇, 变形构造；m.WC1井, 2 693 m, 鲍玛序列ABC段, 水下滑塌扇
Fig. 3. Core photographs showing sedimentary characteristics of the nearshore subaqueous fan and subaqueous slump fan deposition in the Wanchang area
图 4 伊通盆地万昌地区永二段均方根振幅属性、砂岩百分比和同沉积断层分布叠合图
Fig. 4. Sandstone distribution of the Yonger Member constructed from seismic attributes, synsedimentary faults and well sandstone percentage data, Wanchang area Yitong Basin
图 5 伊通盆地万昌地区永二段沉积相分布
Fig. 5. Depositional facies of the Yonger Member, Wanchang area Yitong Basin
图 6 顺物源方向的地震剖面(a)、瞬时相位剖面(b)和波阻抗剖面(c)识别水下滑塌扇
Fig. 6. Subaqueous slump fan shown based on 3D seismic reflection data (a), instantaneous phase (b) and acoustic impedance (c) cross-sections
图 7 WC1井附近顺物源方向水下滑塌内上倾尖灭砂体在波阻抗和瞬时相位叠合剖面图上的解释(a为未解释剖面；b为解释剖面)
Fig. 7. Uninterpreted (a) and interpreted (b) sandstone package along the sedimentary provenance direction in the subaqueous slump fan as determined by the acoustic impedance and instantaneous phase data, near well WC1
图 8 WC1井附近垂直物源方向水下滑塌内上倾尖灭砂体在波阻抗和瞬时相位叠合剖面图上的解释(a为未解释剖面；b为解释剖面)
Fig. 8. Uninterpreted (a) and interpreted (b) sandstones package across the sedimentary provenance direction in the subaqueous slump fan as determined by the acoustic impedance and instantaneous phase data, near well WC1
-
Chi, Y.L., Zhao, W.Z., 2000. Strike-Slip Deformation during the Cenozoic and Its Influence on Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Bohai Bay Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 21(2): 14-20(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB200002002.htm Chopra, S., Marfurt, K.J., 2008. Introduction to This Special Section-Seismic Attributes. The Leading Edge, 27(3): 296-297. doi: 10.11.1190/1.2896619 Dou, X., Chen, Z.Y., Li, C., et al., 2006. Reservoir Characteristics and Identification Techniques of Lower Tertiary Lithological Reservoirs around Well Qi 62, Western Liaohe Sag. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 33(4): 412-415(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/296735385_Reservoir_characteristics_and_identification_techniques_of_Lower_Tertiary_lithological_reservoirs_around_Well_Qi_62_West_Liaohe_Sag Duranti, D., Hurst, A., 2004. Fluidization and Injection in the Deep-Water Sandstones of the Eocene Alba Formation(UK North Sea). Sedimentology, 51(3): 503-529. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00634.x Feng, Y.L., Xu, X.S., 2006. Syndepositional Structural Slope-Break Zone Controls on Lithologic Reservoirs: A Case from Paleogene Bohai Bay Basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 33(1): 22-25(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK200601004.htm Gao, X.Z., Li, X.G., Li, J.S., et al., 2007. Sandstone Distribution Pattern and the Exploration of Lithologic Reservoirs in the Es_3 Member of Xinglongtai Area, Liaohe Depression. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 34(2): 187-189(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK200702011.htm Georgoudas, I.G., Sirakoulis, G.C., Scordilis, E.M., et al., 2011. Parametric Optimization in a 2-D Cellular Automata Model of Fundamental Seismic Attributes with the Use of Genetic Algorithms. Advances in Engineering Software, 42(9): 623-633. doi: 10.1016/j.advengsoft2011.04.003 Jia, C.Z., Zhao, W.Z., Zou, C.N., et al., 2004. Two Key Technologies about Exploration of Stratigraphic/Lithological Reservoirs. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 31(3): 3-9(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/292555202_Two_key_technologies_about_exploration_of_stratigraphiclithological_reservoirs Klefstad, L., Kvarsvik, S., Ringäs, J.E., et al., 2005. Characterization of Deeply Buried Heterolithic Tidal Reservoirs in the Smorbukk Field Using Inverted Post-Stack Seismic Acoustic Impedance. Petroleum Geoscience, 11(1): 47-56. doi: 10.1144/1354-079304-630 Kuang, L.C., Lv, H.T., Qi, X.F., et al., 2005. Exploration and Targets for Lithologic Reservoirs in Junggar Basin, NW China. Petroleum Exporation and Development, 32(6): 32-37(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/296336974_Exploration_and_targets_for_lithologic_reservoirs_in_Junggar_Basin_NW_China Lacopini, D., Butler, R.W.H., 2011. Imaging Deformation in Submarine Thrust Belts Using Seismic Attributes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 302(3-4): 414-422. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.12.041 Li, B.C., Sun, K., Bai, H.B., et al., 2009. Sequence Stratigraphic Framework and Sequence Components of the Yitong Basin. Lithologic Reservoirs, 21(4): 28-31(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-YANX200904006.htm Li, J.H., Pang, X.Q., Song, B., et al., 2011. A New Quantitative Prediction Method for Lithologic Reservoirs Distribution: A Case from the Damintnu Sag. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 38(6): 756-763(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/288047078_A_new_quantitative_prediction_method_for_lithologic_reservoirs_distribution_A_case_from_the_Damintun_Sag Li, M., Hou, L.H., Zou C.N., et al., 2005. Lithologic Stratigraphic Reservoirs Geophysical Exploration Technology and Application. Petroleum Industry Press, Beijing, 52-146(in Chinese). Li, X.F., Chen, Q.M., Zhang, X.H., et al., 2002. The Yitong Graben—the Structural Features and Evolution of a Strike-Slip Fault Basin. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 24(1): 19-24(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SYSD200201004.htm Liang, F.K., Yu, X.H., Li, X.P., et al., 2011. Growth Faultsin Shenxian Depression and Their Control over the Sedimentation. Geology in China, 38(2): 263-270(in Chinese with English abstract). Rezvandehy, M., Aghababaei, H., Raissi, S.H.T., 2011. Integrating Seismic Attributes in the Accurate Modeling of Geological Structures and Determining the Storage of the Gas Reservoir in Gorgan Plain(North of Iran). Journal of Applied Geophysics, 73(3): 187-195. doi: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2010.12.008 Shan, J.F., Chen, Z.Y., Hui, X.F., 2005. Forming Conditions of Lithologic Reservoir in Transition Zone of Western Liaohe Depression. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 32(6): 42-45(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-SKYK200506009.htm Shanmugam, G., Shrivastava, S.K., Das, B., 2009. Sandy Debrites and Tidalites of Pliocene Reservoir Sands in Upper-Slope Canyon Environments, Offshore Krishna-Godavari Basin (India): Implications. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 79(9): 736-756. doi: 10.2110/jsr.2009.076 Shi, W.Z., Kong, M., Song, Z.F., 2008. Multi-Provenance Fan Delta in the Sheling Formation, Liangjia Area, Yitong Basin, China. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 33(3): 365-370(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2008.048 Shi, W.Z., Zhao, Z.K., Jiang, T., et al., 2012. Identifying Updip Pinch-Out Sandstone in Nearshore Subaqueous Fans Using Acoustic Impedance and the Instantaneous Phase in the Liangjia Area, Yitong Basin, China. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 30(1): 32-42. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.10.010 Taner, M.T., Koehler, F., Sheriff, R.E., 1979. Complex Seismic Trace Analysis. Geophysics, 44(6): 1041-1063. doi: 10.1190/1.1440994 Tang, D.Q., He, S., Chen, H.H., et al., 2009. Fault System's Characteristics of Yitong Basin and Its Evolution. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 39(3): 386-396(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/279572915_Fault_system's_characteristics_of_Yitong_basin_and_its_evolution Tang, D.Q., Chen, H.H., Sun, J.Z., et al., 2010. Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Yitong Part of the Tan Lu Fault Zone and Its Control on Yitong Basin. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 34(3): 340-348(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/ http://search.cnki.net/down/default.aspx?filename=DGYK201003007&dbcode=CJFD&year=2010&dflag=pdfdown Tong, H.M., 2002. The Property and Evolution of Boundary Faults of Yitong Graben. Journal of Geomechanics, 8(1): 35-42(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZLX200201003.htm Wang, J., Xu, X.J., Chen, X.Y., et al., 2007. Structural and Sedimentary Features and Types of Hydrocarbon Reservoir in Southern Chaluhe Fault Depression of Yitong Graben. Global Geology, 26(2): 240-244(in Chinese with English abstract). http://epub.cnki.net/grid2008/docdown/docdownload.aspx?filename=SJDZ200702016&dbcode=CJFD&year=2007&dflag=pdfdown Wang, N., Chen, B.N., Zai, J.F., 2000. Reservoir Forming Index for the Lithological Oil Reservoir. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 27(6): 4-8(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK200006001.htm Wang, X.L., He, S., Shi, W.Z., et al., 2013. The Synsedimentary Faults Derived from Strike-Slip Movement Control the Deposition of Sheling Formation in Liangjia-Wanchang District, Yitong Basin. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 48(1): 134-143(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/287565457_Control_of_the_Sheling_Formation_deposition_by_contemporaneous_faults_derived_from_strike-slip_movement_in_Liangjia-Wanchang_district_Yitong_Basin Wang, X.L., Zhou, J.Y., Ma, L., et al., 2008. Gravity Flow Sedimentary Characteristics and the Significance of Petroleum Exploration in the Chaluhe Fault Depression, the Yitong Basin. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 30(1): 26-31(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cqvip.com/Main/Detail.aspx?id=26730777 Wang, X.P., Fei, Q., Zhang, J.H., 1990. Oil Exploration and Structure Analysis. China University of Geosciences Press, Wuhan, 132-139(in Chinese). Wang, X.W., Liu, Q.X., Lv, H.T., et al., 2006. Application of Reservoir Prediction Technique in the Exploration and Development of Lithologic Oil-Gas Reservoirs. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 33(2): 189-193(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/academic-journal-cn_petroleum-exploration-development_thesis/0201218184364.html Yin, W., Zhang, M.J., Kong, L.H., 2011. Lithologic Reservoirs in Block A in the South Turgay Basin, Kazakhstan. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 38(5): 570-575(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/287684873_Lithologic_reservoirs_in_Block_A_in_the_South_Turgay_Basin_Kazakhstan Zhang, B.Q., Jiang, Z.X., Xia, B., et al., 2004. Application of Sequence Stratigraphy in Lithological Reservoir Exploration of the Upper Guantao Formation, Chendong-Feiyantan Oilfield. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 31(5): 50-52(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/292392518_Application_of_sequence_stratigraphy_in_lithological_reservoir_exploration_of_the_Upper_Guantao_Formation_Chendong-Feiyantan_Oilfield Zhang, Y.M., Liu, C.Y., Wang, J.Y., et al., 2002. Stike-Slip Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Accumulation of M basin. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 32(3): 275-280(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-XBDZ200203017.htm Zhao, Z.Z., Zhao, X.Z., He, H.Q., 2004. New Progresses in PetroChina's Recent Oil & Gas Exploration and Future Main Exploration Targets and Potential. China Petroleum Exploration, 9(1): 1-7(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cqvip.com/QK/71135X/201107/10572609.html Zou, C.N., Xue, S.H., Zhao, W.Z., et al., 2004. Depositional Sequences and Forming Conditions of the Cretaceous Stratigraphic-Lithologic Reservoir in the Quantou-Nengjiang Formations. South Songliao Basin. Petroleum Exporation and Development, 31(2): 14-17(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-SKYK200402002.htm 池英柳, 赵文智, 2000. 渤海湾盆地新生代走滑构造与油气聚集. 石油学报, 21(2): 14-20. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2000.02.003 窦欣, 陈振岩, 李成, 等, 2006. 辽河西部凹陷齐62井区岩性油气藏储集层特征及识别技术. 石油勘探与开发, 33(4): 412-415. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0747.2006.04.004 冯有良, 徐秀生, 2006. 同沉积构造坡折带对岩性油气藏富集带的控制作用—以渤海湾盆地古近系为例. 石油勘探与开发, 33(1): 22-25. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0747.2006.01.005 高先志, 李晓光, 李敬生, 2007. 兴隆台地区沙三段砂体发育模式与岩性油气藏勘探. 石油勘探与开发, 34(2): 187-189. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0747.2007.02.011 贾承造, 赵文智, 邹才能, 等, 2004. 岩性地层油气藏勘探研究的两项核心技术. 石油勘探与开发, 31(3): 3-9. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0747.2004.03.002 江涛, 邱玉超, 宋立斌, 等, 2009. 伊通盆地西北缘断裂带的性质. 现代地质, 23(5): 860-864. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2009.05.014 匡立春, 吕焕通, 齐雪峰, 2005. 准噶尔盆地岩性油气藏勘探成果和方向. 石油勘探与开发, 32(6): 32-37. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0747.2005.06.008 李本才, 孙凯, 白洪彬, 等, 2009. 伊通盆地层序地层格架与层序构成分析. 岩性油气藏, 21(4): 28-31. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8926.2009.04.005 李建华, 庞雄奇, 宋兵, 等, 2011. 岩性油气藏分布区定量预测新方法—以大民屯凹陷为例. 石油勘探与开发, 38(6): 756-763. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK201106016.htm 李明, 侯连华, 邹才能, 等, 2005. 岩性地层油气藏地球物理勘探技术与应用. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 52-146. 李献甫, 陈全茂, 张学海, 等, 2002. 伊通地堑—走滑断陷盆地的构造特征及演化. 石油实验地质, 24(1): 19-24. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6112.2002.01.003 梁富康, 于兴河, 李先平, 等, 2011. 冀中坳陷深县凹陷的生长断层特点及其对沉积的控制作用. 中国地质, 38(2): 263-270. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2011.02.003 单俊峰, 陈振岩, 回雪峰, 2005. 辽河坳陷西部凹陷坡洼过渡带岩性油气藏形成条件. 石油勘探与开发, 32(6): 42-45. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0747.2005.06.010 石万忠, 孔敏, 宋志峰, 2008. 伊通盆地梁家地区奢岭组混源扇三角洲内幕结构. 地球科学—中国地质大学学报, 33(3): 365-370. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX200803011.htm 唐大卿, 何生, 陈红汉, 等, 2009. 伊通盆地断裂体系特征及其演化历史. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 39(3): 386-396. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CCDZ200903006.htm 唐大卿, 陈红汉, 孙家振, 等, 2010. 郯庐断裂带伊通段新生代构造演化特征及其控盆机制. 大地构造与成矿学, 34(3): 340-348. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1552.2010.03.005 童亨茂, 2002. 伊通地堑边界断裂的性质与演化. 地质力学学报, 8(1): 35-42. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLX200201003.htm 王剑, 徐翔军, 陈秀艳, 等, 2007. 伊通地堑岔路河断陷南段构造-沉积特征与油气藏类型. 世界地质, 26(2): 240-244. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5589.2007.02.016 王宁, 陈宝宁, 翟剑飞, 2000. 岩性油气藏形成的成藏指数. 石油勘探与开发, 27(6): 4-8. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK200006001.htm 王晓龙, 何生, 石万忠, 等, 2013. 梁家-万昌地区同沉积断层对奢岭组沉积的控制作用. 石油地球物理勘探, 48(1): 134-143. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYDQ201301021.htm 王旭丽, 周江羽, 马良, 等, 2008. 伊通盆地岔路河断陷重力流沉积特征及油气勘探意义. 石油实验地质, 30(1): 26-31. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYSD200801005.htm 王燮培, 费琪, 张家骅, 1990. 石油勘探构造分析. 武汉: 中国地质大学出版社, 132-139. 王西文, 刘全新, 吕焕通, 等, 2006. 储集层预测技术在岩性油气藏勘探开发中的应用. 石油勘探与开发, 33(2): 189-193. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK200602013.htm 尹微, 张明军, 孔令洪, 2011. 哈萨克斯坦南土尔盖盆地A区块岩性油气藏. 石油勘探与开发, 38(5): 570-575. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK201105009.htm 张本琪, 姜在兴, 夏斌, 等, 2004. 层序地层学在埋东-飞雁滩油田馆陶组上段岩性油气藏勘探中的应用. 石油勘探与开发, 31(5): 50-52. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK200405012.htm 张亚敏, 刘池洋, 王婧韫, 2002. M盆地走滑特征与油气富集规律. 西北大学学报(自然科学版), 32(3): 275-280. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBDZ200203017.htm 赵政璋, 赵贤正, 何海清, 2004. 中国石油近期油气勘探新进展及未来主要勘探对象与潜力. 中国石油勘探, 9(1): 1-7. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KTSY200401002.htm 邹才能, 薛叔浩, 赵文智, 等, 2004. 松辽盆地南部白垩系泉头组-嫩江组沉积层序特征与地层-岩性油气藏形成条件. 石油勘探与开发, 31(2): 14-17. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK200402002.htm -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(9)
计量
- 文章访问数: 3817
- HTML全文浏览量: 923
- PDF下载量: 549
- 被引次数: 0
