Sedimentation Rates and Its Indication to Distribution of Yangtze Sediment Supply around the Yangtze (Changjiang) River Estuary and Its Adjacent Area, China
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摘要: 对长江口及附近海域的16根重力柱样进行了210Pb沉积速率测试, 结合以往成果, 揭示了该区现代沉积速率分布格局, 对其控制因素以及其对认识长江入海泥沙去向的指示意义进行了探讨.沉积速率最高值分布在南支口外、杭州湾口群岛北部的前三角洲地区, 最高可达6.3m/a, 总体上在3cm/a以上; 次高值分布在杭州湾北部, 约1.7~3.0cm/a, 南部略低, 约0.4~1.0cm/a; 长江口水下负地形北部海域存在小片沉积速率较高的区域, 最高值达2.58cm/a; 低值主要分布在苏北辐射沙洲、过渡沉积区以及浅海陆架的大片区域, 基本保持在1cm/a以下.研究表明, 长江泥沙出口门后主要在水下三角洲地区进行了堆积, 其次有相当部分在涨潮流顶托下进入杭州湾, 进入杭州湾南部的泥沙又在落潮流作用下经杭州湾南侧向舟山海域方向输运; 长江入海物质向外海的扩散基本被控制在123°E以西, 苏北辐射沙洲、过渡沉积区以及浅海陆架的大片区域缺乏现代长江物质供应; 长江悬浮泥沙对研究区东北部陆架区影响较小, 废黄河口被侵蚀物质和黄海悬浮物质为其较高沉积速率的主要贡献者.Abstract: Based on 210Pb data of 16 gravity core samples and from the previous study, the spatial pattern of sedimentation rates and its indication to distribution of Yangtze sediment supply in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent area were examined. The high accumulation rates were observed at the subaqueous delta off the south branch with the maximum value of 6.3cm/a, generally above 3cm/a. The second highest values distribute on the Hangzhou bay, about 1.7-3.0cm/a in north and much lower in south (0.4-1.0cm/a). Relative higher sedimentation rates, about 2.58cm/a, appear in the northwest of study area. The radial sand ridges along the north Jiangsu coastal line, delta-shelf transitional zone and continental shelf were characterized by low sedimentation rates (< 1cm/a), due to the strong hydrodynamic setting and lack of modern Changjiang material supply. As revealed by this study, a large amount of Yangtze sediment load is deposited around the subaqueous delta and the north Hangzhou Bay. The dispersion of modern Yangtze sediment to East China Sea is constrained to the west of 123°E. The relatively high sedimentation rate in north continental area is mainly contributed by sediment eroded from the abandoned Yellow delta and suspended materials transported by Yellow Sea longshore currents.
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Key words:
- Yangtze Estuary /
- 210Pb /
- sedimentation rate /
- sediment supply /
- oceanography
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图 1 研究区地理位置及柱状样分布(研究区分区修改自黄慧珍等，1996；Chen et al., 2000)
Fig. 1. Geographical location of the study area and the sampling sites of gravity cores
图 2 过剩210Pb(210Pbex)钻孔分布及沉积速率(横坐标x为钻孔深度，单位：cm；纵坐标y为210Pbex，单位：Bq·g-1)
Fig. 2. 210Pbex activity distribution and sedimentation rates in 16 gravity cores
图 3 沉积速率(210Pb & 137Cs)等值线(单位：cm/a)
Fig. 3. Contour map showing spatial variation of modern sedimentation rates (210Pb & 137Cs)
图 4 研究区表层沉积物类型分布
基于福克分类原则；国家海洋局第一海洋研究所，2011.长江三角洲演变规律及重大事件的沉积记录与可持续发展研究
Fig. 4. Surface sediment distribution of study area
表 1 沉积速率数据汇总表(基于210Pb或者137Cs)
Table 1. Date set of sedimentation rates derived by 210Pb and 137Cs
站位号 经度(°) 纬度(°) 沉积速率(cm/a) 测试方法 数据来源 CJ08-645 122.34 30.78 0.9 210Pb 本论文 CJ08-689 122.70 30.70 2.4 210Pb 本论文 CJ08-1223 122.90 30.82 2.6 210Pb 本论文 CJ09-1606 121.06 30.37 0.9 210Pb 本论文 CJ09-1412 121.99 30.48 0.4 210Pb 本论文 CJ09-960 121.96 32.14 0.5 210Pb 本论文 CJ09-660 121.64 32.54 0.2 210Pb 本论文 CJ9-1780 121.61 30.18 1 210Pb 本论文 CJ09-1800 122.24 30.15 0.5 210Pb 本论文 CJ10-1132 122.84 31.68 1.3 210Pb 本论文 CJ10-1213 122.24 31.65 1.0 210Pb 本论文 CJ10-619 122.43 31.82 0.6 210Pb 本论文 CJ10-106 122.01 31.95 1.1 210Pb 本论文 CJ10-126 122.65 31.95 1.3 210Pb 本论文 CJ10-1825 122.62 31.49 2.6 210Pb 本论文 CJ11-360 122.62 31.19 0.4 210Pb 本论文 CJ11-631 122.76 30.97 2.0 137Cs 王国庆(未发表) H1 121.89 30.67 1.7 210Pb 胡方西等，2002 H2 122.51 30.85 3.5 210Pb 胡方西等，2002 H3 122.38 30.92 ＞2 210Pb 胡方西等，2002 H4 122.26 30.99 ＞2 210Pb 胡方西等，2002 H5 122.59 31.00 ＞2 210Pb 胡方西等，2002 H6 122.51 30.99 5.4 210Pb 胡方西等，2002 H7 122.77 30.99 3.1 210Pb 胡方西等，2002 H8 122.88 30.99 0.5 210Pb 胡方西等，2002 H9 122.52 31.25 1 210Pb 胡方西等，2002 H10 122.52 31.31 0.5 210Pb 胡方西等，2002 H11 122.22 31.61 0.2 210Pb 胡方西等，2002 H12 122.24 31.82 0 210Pb 胡方西等，2002 H13 122.52 31.75 0 210Pb 胡方西等，2002 H14 122.52 31.51 0 210Pb 胡方西等，2002 CR14 122.83 31.09 0.3 210Pb 庄克琳，2005 CR16 122.98 31.09 0.3 210Pb 庄克琳，2005 C11 121.45 31.56 0.9 210Pb 王永红，2003 C12 121.61 31.38 0.4 210Pb 王永红，2003 C2 121.73 31.27 0.2 210Pb 段凌云等，2005 C3 121.73 31.27 0.2 210Pb 段凌云等，2005 C4 121.89 31.51 0.8 210Pb 段凌云等，2005 C5 121.89 31.51 0.8 210Pb 段凌云等，2005 C6 121.89 31.52 0.5 210Pb 段凌云等，2005 C7 121.87 31.31 1.0 210Pb 段凌云等，2005 C8 121.86 31.12 1.9 210Pb 段凌云等，2005 Y5 122.44 31.15 2 210Pb 段凌云等，2005 Y6 122.56 31.10 2.2 210Pb 段凌云等，2005 Y7 122.73 31.03 6.3 210Pb 段凌云等，2005 Y8 122.80 31.01 0.8 210Pb 段凌云等，2005 HN108 122.67 30.85 0.3 210Pb 夏小明等，2004 LH80 122.61 30.80 0.3 210Pb 夏小明等，2004 TX259 121.69 30.65 3.0 210Pb 夏小明等，2004 YS1 121.97 30.63 1.4 210Pb 夏小明等，2004 YS2 122.02 30.62 1.0 210Pb 夏小明等，2004 YS3 122.21 30.55 0.3 210Pb 夏小明等，2004 YS4 122.26 30.55 0.4 210Pb 夏小明等，2004 YS5 122.19 30.59 1.6 210Pb 夏小明等，2004 YS6 122.27 30.60 1.3 210Pb 夏小明等，2004 FG17 122.20 30.87 3.0~3.1 137Cs 夏小明等，2004 G8004 122.49 30.99 5.4 210Pb Demaster et al., 1985 G8005 122.74 30.99 3.1 210Pb Demaster et al., 1985 G8000 122.49 30.89 3.5 210Pb Demaster et al., 1985 ZM11 122.62 30.69 3.7 210Pb 刘升发等，2009 chj01 122.75 30.83 2.8 210Pb 杨作升和陈晓辉，2007 E4 122.62 31.00 3.5 210Pb 杨作升和陈晓辉，2007 CJ43 122.85 31.05 0.2 210Pb 冯旭文等，2009 18 122.62 31.02 2.6 210Pb Liu and Fan, 2010 SC02 122.07 31.00 1.4 210Pb 张瑞等，2009 SC03 122.17 31.10 1.7 137Cs 王安东等，2010 SC04 122.20 31.00 1.7 210Pb 张瑞等，2009 SC05 122.27 31.00 3.9 210Pb 张瑞等，2009 SC06 122.34 31.00 1.9 137Cs 王安东等，2010 SC07 122.38 31.00 4.1 210Pb 张瑞等，2009 SC08 122.43 31.00 2.4 210Pb 张瑞等，2009 SC09 122.50 31.00 3.4 210Pb 张瑞等，2009 SC10 122.50 30.93 3.1 210Pb 张瑞等，2009 SC11 122.50 30.84 4.0 210Pb 张瑞等，2009 Y16 122.83 31.25 0.2 137Cs Su and Hu, 2002 G1 122.83 30.84 1.6 210Pb Jin et al., 2010 499-13 122.84 30.01 0.2 137Cs Su and Hu, 2002 499-14 122.84 30.33 1.1 137Cs Su and Hu, 2002 499-15 122.95 30.67 0.5 137Cs Su and Hu, 2002 499-16 122.83 30.83 1.8 137Cs Su and Hu, 2002 499-17 122.27 30.83 0.1 137Cs Su and Hu, 2002 499-27 123.33 31.00 0.2 137Cs Su and Hu, 2002 499-28 123.00 31.00 0.1 137Cs Su and Hu, 2002 499-29 122.83 31.00 0.6 137Cs Su and Hu, 2002 499-31 122.67 31.17 0.7 137Cs Su and Hu, 2002 499-32 122.67 31.33 0.4 137Cs Su and Hu, 2002 499-37 123.00 31.33 1.0 137Cs Su and Hu, 2002 MJ114 122.42 30.67 3.0 210Pb 夏小明等，1999 DS2 122.23 30.28 2.6 210Pb 夏小明等，1999 DEB4 123.01 30.36 0.0 210Pb Liu et al.(2006) DEB5 122.90 30.36 2.1 210Pb Liu et al.(2006) PN-11 123.66 30.61 0.4 210Pb Oguri et al. (2003) PN-12 123.08 31.20 1.8 210Pb Oguri et al. (2003) 
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表 2 基于海图对比法的长江水下三角洲堆积速率与侵蚀速率
Table 2. Result of DEM-sedimentation and erosion rate
分布区域 水下砂坝 分流河道 前缘斜坡 前三角洲 崇明沙 条子沙 横沙沙 九段沙 南汇 北港 北槽 南槽 5~10m等深线 10~20m等深线 堆积通量(106m3) 403.7 133.8 425.0 1294.7 205.2 133.8 164.1 154.7 1233.7 1292.2 侵蚀通量(106m3) 21.4 67.2 62.4 28.1 30.0 490.9 398.2 47.5 35.8 77.1 堆积速率(cm·a-1) 6.8 3.6 4.3 8.3 1.7 4.7 3.8 3.0 5.0 5.2 侵蚀速率(cm·a-1) 1.8 3.4 2.0 2.1 1.4 7.3 6.1 1.6 2.7 2.3 注：数据来源于 Wei et al., 2007 ；结果基于1958年和2000年海图对比，计算区域范围为120.8°~122.5°E，31.05°~31.35°N.
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