埃塞俄比亚施瑞地区花岗岩地球化学特征及构造环境

韩世礼; 张术根; 柳建新; 丁俊; 张文山

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2014.002

埃塞俄比亚施瑞地区花岗岩地球化学特征及构造环境

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.002

韩世礼^{1, 2},
张术根^2, ,,
柳建新²,
丁俊²,
张文山^{2, 3}

1.
南华大学核资源工程学院, 湖南衡阳 421001
2.
中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院, 湖南长沙 410083
3.
中色金地资源科技有限公司, 北京 100012

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41174103

2010年国外矿产资源风险勘查专项资金项目管理财[2010]211号

详细信息

作者简介:
韩世礼(1979-), 男, 博士研究生, 矿产普查与勘探专业

通讯作者:
张术根, E-mail: zhangshugenzsg@163.com

中图分类号: P588.12;P595;P597
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2013-07-23
- 刊出日期: 2014-01-01

Geochemistry and Tectonic Setting of Granites from Shire Region, Ethiopia

Han Shili^{1, 2},
Zhang Shugen^{2
, ,},
Liu Jianxin²,
Ding Jun²,
Zhang Wenshan^{2, 3}

1.
School of Nuclear Resources Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
2.
School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
3.
Beijing Donia Resources Co., Ltd., Beijing 100012, China

摘要

摘要: 埃塞俄比亚北部施瑞地区具有造山前、造山期和造山后3种花岗岩类型, 全岩Sm-Nd等时线测年结果表明, 造山前和造山后花岗岩成岩年龄分别为824.4±15.5 Ma和517.9±5.8 Ma.3类花岗岩主量元素和稀土微量元素成分存在明显差异, 其中造山前花岗岩属于低钾过铝质花岗岩, 稀土分配模式属轻稀土弱富集型, 富集大离子亲石元素, 亏损P和Ti高场强元素；造山期花岗岩为准铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩, 稀土分配模式属轻稀土富集型, 富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素；造山后花岗岩为弱过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩, 稀土分配模式具强烈铕亏损的海鸥型, 富集大离子亲石元素, 明显亏损P和Ti高场强元素.综合研究表明: 造山前和造山期花岗岩均为I型幔源花岗岩, 构造环境处于被动大陆边缘-火山岛弧环境；造山后花岗岩为A2型壳源主花岗岩, 是在洋盆关闭和阿拉伯-努比亚地盾成熟后, 由减薄的地壳部分熔融产生.
- 花岗岩 /
- 地球化学 /
- 构造 /
- Sm-Nd同位素 /
- 埃塞俄比亚 /
- 施瑞
Abstract: There are pre-, syn-, and post-orogenic granites in Shire region of northern Ethiopia. Whole rock Sm-Nd isochron dating results show that diagenetic age of pre-, and post-orogenic ages are 824.4±15.5 Ma and 517.9±5.8 Ma respectively. Major, rare-earth and trace elements of three kinds of granite are obviously different. The pre-orogenic granites are relatively low in MgO and high in SiO₂, belonging to the peraluminous series granite, with low K content and slight light REE enrichment, high large-ion lithophile element abundance and relative depletion of HFSE. The syn-orogenic granite belongs to the quasi-aluminous rock and high-potassium calc-alkaline granite, with the light REE enriched pattern, high large-ion lithophile element and HFSE abundances. The post-orogenic granite belongs to the weakly peraluminous high-potassium calc-alkaline granite, which has the chondrite-normalized REE patterns in the type of "gull" with severe depletion in Eu. The large-ion lithophile elements are concentrated, while P and Ti are severely depleted here. Comprehensive study shows both the pre- and syn-orogenic granites are I-type mantle-source granites in the passive continental margin-volcanic island arc tectonic setting; the post-orogenic granites are A2-type crust-source major granites, which were formed from the melting of thinner crust after the closure of oceanic basins and the growth of Arabian-Nubian shield.
- granite /
- geochemistry /
- tectonics /
- Sm-Nd isotope /
- Ethiopia /
- Shire

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图 1 埃塞俄比亚施瑞地区地质简图

Fig. 1. Geological sketch map of the Shire region in northern Ethiopia

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图 2 造山前(a~c)、造山期(d~f)和造山后(g~i)花岗岩野外及镜下照片

a.灰白色花岗闪长岩；b.整体结构；c.定向排列的鳞片状黑云母；d.灰白色黑云母花岗岩；e.钠长石穿插微斜长石；f.黑云母交代角闪石；g.肉红色钾长花岗岩；h.石英与钠长石；i.锆石

Fig. 2. Photos of pre-(a-c), syn-(d-f), and post-(g-i)orogenic granitoids in the field and under microscope

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图 3 花岗岩K₂O-SiO₂图解(a)和A/NK-A/CNK图解(b)(据Maniar and Piccoli, 1989)

Fig. 3. K₂O-SiO₂ diagram (a) and A/NK-A/CNK classification diagram(b) for granitoids

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图 4 造山前、造山期和造山后花岗岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图解(a~c)和微量元素蛛网图(d~f)

a, d.造山前花岗岩；b, e.造山期花岗岩；c, f.造山后花岗岩

Fig. 4. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns(a-c) and primitive mantle normalized spider diagram(d-f)of pre-, syn-, and post-orogenic granitoids

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图 5 造山前(a)和造山后(b)花岗岩Sm-Nd全岩等时线

Fig. 5. The Sm-Nd whole rock isochrons of pre-orogen(a) and post-orogen(b) granitoids

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图 6 各期花岗岩(Na₂O+K₂O)-10⁴×Ga/Al(据Whalen et al., 1987)、Y-SiO₂(据Collins et al., 1982)、Nb-Y-3Ga(据Eby, 1992)和Rb/Ba-Rb/Sr(据Sylvester, 1998)判别图

Fig. 6. (Na₂O+K₂O)-10⁴×Ga/Al、Y-SiO₂、Nb-Y-3Ga and Rb/Ba-Rb/Sr discrimination diagrams of granitoids

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图 7 花岗岩构造环境判别图解(据Pearce et al., 1984; Pearce, 1996)

syn-COLG.同碰撞花岗岩；VAG.火山弧花岗岩；WPG.板内花岗岩；ORG.洋脊花岗岩

Fig. 7. Tectonic environment discrimination of granitoids

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图 8 花岗岩构造环境R1-R2判别(据Batchelor and Bowden, 1985)

①地幔分异；②碰撞前；③碰后抬升；④晚造山；⑤非造山；⑥同碰撞；⑦后造山

Fig. 8. R1-R2 multi-cation diagram for tectonic environment discrimination of granitoids

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表 1 花岗岩主量元素(10^-2)、稀土微量元素(10^-6) 分析结果

Table 1. Major (10^-2), REE and other element (10^-6) contents of granitoids

岩性样号	造山前花岗岩						造山期花岗岩					造山后花岗岩
岩性样号	QA042	QA044	QA045	QA046	QA047	QA051	QA037	QA038	QA039	QA040	QA041	BB318	BB319	BB320	BB321	BB322
SiO₂	71.63	72.11	71.61	71.56	69.65	76.41	61.83	64.73	65.28	66.00	64.20	75.45	74.91	74.66	73.13	72.98
TiO₂	0.23	0.23	0.22	0.22	0.24	0.14	0.51	0.49	0.49	0.46	0.49	0.04	0.02	0.08	0.09	0.10
Al₂O₃	13.05	13.46	13.16	13.71	13.75	12.12	15.07	14.88	14.78	14.75	14.91	13.63	14.20	12.72	14.12	13.96
Tfe	4.23	4.09	3.70	3.85	3.94	2.75	4.41	4.29	4.06	3.28	3.84	1.06	0.89	1.56	1.69	1.87
MnO	0.24	0.21	0.15	0.11	0.12	0.12	0.13	0.15	0.16	0.08	0.10	0.06	0.05	0.07	0.08	0.10
MgO	0.79	0.71	0.75	0.88	0.97	0.39	3.28	3.10	2.44	2.34	2.82	0.14	0.14	0.33	0.28	0.26
CaO	2.86	3.23	2.71	2.95	3.17	1.14	3.70	3.14	2.84	2.58	3.42	0.40	0.26	0.87	1.05	0.98
Na₂O	3.92	3.88	3.17	3.44	3.64	4.24	3.97	3.86	3.77	3.78	3.46	4.73	4.94	3.81	4.50	3.93
K₂O	0.64	0.83	1.31	1.09	1.26	1.09	3.56	3.82	4.12	4.17	3.15	3.93	3.95	3.78	3.59	4.67
P₂O5	0.041	0.049	0.035	0.046	0.048	0.008	0.301	0.187	0.172	0.176	0.198	0.001	0.001	0.010	0.020	0.013
LOI	0.98	0.96	1.33	0.92	1.65	0.97	1.27	1.23	1.77	1.29	1.78	0.63	0.66	0.97	0.92	0.93
Total	98.69	99.84	98.29	98.91	98.58	99.46	98.30	100.15	100.15	99.13	98.62	100.10	100.05	98.88	99.49	99.83
分异指数DI	76.56	75.89	77.23	75.93	75.05	87.50	70.00	72.75	75.67	77.66	70.56	95.40	95.87	91.87	90.86	91.31
A/NK	1.82	1.85	1.99	2.00	1.87	1.49	1.45	1.42	1.38	1.37	1.64	1.13	1.14	1.23	1.25	1.21
A/CNK	1.06	1.02	1.14	1.12	1.05	1.18	0.88	0.92	0.93	0.96	0.97	1.07	1.10	1.06	1.07	1.05
Rb	13.90	15.90	24.40	24.10	24.90	24.50	103.00	117.50	124.50	129.50	91.90	316.00	325.00	235.00	256.00	298.00
Ba	584.0	681.0	1 105.0	1 100.0	1 175.0	670.0	1 355.0	1 340.0	1 340.0	1 345.0	1 445.0	24.8	14.9	186.5	174.0	307.0
Th	2.30	2.11	1.87	2.15	2.08	1.74	8.75	11.90	10.00	13.05	6.97	14.35	29.00	19.65	31.90	29.30
U	1.44	1.27	1.14	1.20	1.15	0.65	3.20	3.13	4.46	4.54	5.11	7.28	16.15	9.37	12.50	12.90
Ta	0.20	0.10	0.20	0.10	0.10	0.20	0.80	0.80	0.50	0.60	0.60	14.20	12.30	3.30	5.30	5.60
Nb	4.00	2.80	3.20	2.70	2.80	3.80	8.70	8.80	8.50	8.40	5.50	35.60	76.10	32.00	51.00	50.70
Pb	23.00	67.00	43.00	5.00	7.00	5.00	40.00	76.00	43.00	25.00	18.00	48.00	56.00	34.00	36.00	41.00
Sr	262.0	238.0	292.0	264.0	245.0	137.0	1 290.0	1 195.0	1 025.0	923.0	1 075.0	20.2	8.3	98.2	116.0	118.5
Zr	229	61	65	70	70	111	171	182	206	252	185	39	157	76	121	117
Hf	5.80	2.00	2.00	2.10	2.20	3.50	5.40	5.70	6.50	6.90	4.90	4.80	14.60	3.90	6.40	6.20
La	10.90	11.50	8.20	15.00	10.80	5.80	35.60	31.40	33.20	19.90	25.80	8.30	4.20	14.20	19.80	17.50
Ce	90.40	21.60	17.10	29.40	20.70	13.90	71.60	62.90	65.40	45.10	53.50	6.20	23.80	30.50	44.90	40.30
Pr	2.85	3.10	2.19	4.03	2.87	2.23	7.72	6.67	6.79	5.81	6.58	3.13	1.46	3.61	5.35	4.72
Nd	12.60	13.50	9.90	17.30	12.80	11.20	31.10	26.90	26.50	21.70	25.90	17.60	7.30	15.90	23.40	20.90
Sm	3.32	3.44	2.68	4.24	3.49	3.52	5.76	4.87	4.70	3.89	5.10	9.92	4.26	5.48	8.22	7.48
Eu	0.71	0.76	0.72	0.81	0.74	0.76	1.21	1.04	0.92	0.84	1.26	0.22	0.05	0.29	0.35	0.36
Gd	3.64	3.59	3.02	4.22	3.79	3.94	3.80	3.15	3.10	2.67	3.74	11.40	4.94	6.41	10.00	9.88
Tb	0.61	0.59	0.50	0.70	0.59	0.72	0.47	0.38	0.37	0.33	0.52	2.08	1.46	1.33	2.07	2.10
Dy	4.19	3.95	3.52	4.51	4.09	5.23	2.48	2.13	2.00	1.70	3.10	12.95	12.85	9.48	14.85	15.15
Ho	0.95	0.89	0.78	1.02	0.95	1.27	0.45	0.40	0.35	0.33	0.63	2.54	3.15	2.10	3.27	3.42
Er	3.11	2.78	2.49	3.17	2.97	4.36	1.21	1.12	0.99	0.86	1.86	8.75	13.15	7.09	11.10	11.75
Tm	0.48	0.45	0.40	0.49	0.47	0.71	0.17	0.14	0.14	0.13	0.31	1.59	2.73	1.17	1.83	1.90
Yb	3.39	3.05	2.72	3.41	3.29	5.04	1.11	1.04	0.90	0.91	2.17	13.00	23.40	8.46	13.10	13.60
Lu	0.59	0.50	0.45	0.57	0.56	0.84	0.16	0.15	0.14	0.15	0.36	2.02	3.75	1.26	2.01	2.08
Y	28.40	25.60	22.40	29.40	27.40	35.50	13.70	12.50	11.00	9.80	18.70	77.60	67.00	77.30	120.50	130.50
∑REE	166.14	95.30	77.07	118.27	95.51	95.02	176.54	154.79	156.50	114.12	149.53	177.30	173.50	184.58	280.75	281.64
LR/HR	7.12	3.41	2.94	3.91	3.08	1.69	15.53	15.72	17.21	13.73	9.31	0.84	0.63	1.88	1.75	1.52
δEu	0.69	0.72	0.85	0.64	0.68	0.69	0.81	0.83	0.75	0.82	0.92	0.07	0.04	0.17	0.13	0.14
Sm/Nd	0.26	0.25	0.27	0.25	0.27	0.31	0.19	0.18	0.18	0.18	0.20	0.56	0.58	0.34	0.35	0.36
Nb/Ta	63.00	135.00	49.50	173.00	128.00	56.00	38.88	33.63	53.00	36.17	43.17	1.24	0.59	4.82	4.42	3.73
(La/Yb)_N	1.91	2.24	1.79	2.61	1.95	0.68	19.04	17.93	21.90	12.98	7.06	0.38	0.11	1.00	0.90	0.76
注: A/NK=Al₂O₃/(Na₂O+K₂O), 分子比；A/CNK=Al₂O₃/(CaO+Na₂O+K₂O), 分子比；DI=Qz+Or+Ab+Ne+Kp；稀土元素球粒陨石标准化值据Herman(1971).

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表 2 造山前和造山后花岗岩Sm-Nd同位素分析结果及特征比值

Table 2. Sm-Nd isotopic analysis and characteristic ratios of of pre-orogen and post-orogen granitoids

样号	Sm(10^-6)	Nd(10^-6)	¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd	¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd±1σ	ε_Nd(0)	f_Sm_/_Nd
造山前花岗岩
QA042	2.756	10.930	0.152 5	0.512 660±0.000 005	0.43	-0.22
QA044	2.882	11.950	0.146 0	0.512 632±0.000 003	-0.12	-0.26
QA045	2.460	9.463	0.157 3	0.512 691±0.000 006	1.03	-0.20
QA046	3.694	15.710	0.142 3	0.512 613±0.000 004	-0.49	-0.28
QA047	2.909	11.420	0.154 0	0.512 673±0.000 005	0.68	-0.22
QA051	2.965	9.815	0.182 7	0.512 830±0.000 006	3.75	-0.07
造山后花岗岩
BB319	3.825	7.102	0.325 9	0.513 301±0.000 008	12.93	0.66
BB320	4.465	15.930	0.169 6	0.512 766±0.000 005	2.50	-0.14
BB321	6.122	21.640	0.171 2	0.512 775±0.000 004	2.67	-0.13
BB322	5.992	21.720	0.166 9	0.512 767±0.000 006	2.52	-0.15

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