东营凹陷中央隆起带沙河街组碳酸盐胶结物发育特征及其形成机制

郭佳; 曾溅辉; 宋国奇; 张永旺; 王学军; 孟伟

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2014.054

东营凹陷中央隆起带沙河街组碳酸盐胶结物发育特征及其形成机制

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.054

郭佳^{1, 2,},
曾溅辉^{1, 2, ,},
宋国奇³,
张永旺^{1, 2},
王学军⁴,
孟伟^{1, 2}

1.
中国石油大学油气资源与探测国家重点实验室，北京 102249
2.
中国石油大学地球科学学院，北京 102249
3.
中石化胜利油田分公司，山东东营 257001
4.
中石化胜利油田地质科学研究院，山东东营 257015

基金项目:

国家油气重大专项 2011ZX05006-001

国家自然科学基金项目 41172128

详细信息

作者简介:
郭佳(1985-)，女，博士在读，主要从事油气藏形成机理与分布规律的研究.E-mail：guojia1116@163.com

通讯作者:
曾溅辉，E-mail：zjh3851@163.com

中图分类号: TE122
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2013-10-11
- 刊出日期: 2014-05-01

Characteristics and Origin of Carbonate Cements of Shahejie Formation of Central Uplift Belt in Dongying Depression

Guo Jia^{1, 2
,},
Zeng Jianhui^{1, 2
, ,},
Song Guoqi³,
Zhang Yongwang^{1, 2},
Wang Xuejun⁴,
Meng Wei^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
2.
College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
3.
Shengli Oilfield Branch Company, SINOPEC, Dongying 257000, China
4.
Geological Scientific Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield, SINOPEC, Dongying 257015, China

摘要

摘要: 碳酸盐胶结物是东营凹陷中央隆起带砂岩储层中重要的自生矿物，但其形成机制目前尚无深入研究.首先在岩相观察下针对东营凹陷中央隆起带沙河街组的碳酸盐胶结物进行期次划分并归纳其发育特征，再依据各期碳酸盐胶结物的共生矿物、碳氧同位素组成、流体包裹体温度、元素化学成分等信息对其形成机制进行研究.研究结果表明：研究区碳酸盐胶结物的碳不仅受到有机质成熟过程中排放的有机酸的影响，还受到沙四段沉积的湖相碳酸盐岩溶解的影响.研究区沙河街组主要发育四期碳酸盐胶结物：第一期碳酸盐胶结物以白云石为主，其形成过程与甲烷细菌对有机质的分解作用有关；第二期碳酸盐胶结物以方解石为主，与第一期碳酸盐胶结物之间夹有一层绿泥石薄膜，胶结物的形成与孔隙流体的浓缩导致的Ca、HCO₃^-过饱和现象相关；第三期碳酸盐胶结物主要为方解石、白云石和铁白云石，以充填长石溶孔和原生孔隙为特征，其物质来源于长石的溶蚀及泥岩的脱水作用；第四期碳酸盐胶结物多为铁方解石和铁白云石，以充填早期碳酸盐溶蚀后形成的次生孔隙为特征，物质来源于粘土矿物的转化，多与黄铁矿颗粒共生，其形成过程受到烃类流体活动的影响.
- 碳酸盐 /
- 胶结物 /
- 发育特征 /
- 形成机制 /
- 沙河街组 /
- 东营凹陷中央隆起带
Abstract: Carbonate cement is an important authigenic mineral in sandstone reservoirs of the central uplift belt in the Dongying depression, but no in-depth study has been conducted on its formation mechanisms currently. In this article, carbonate cements of Shahejie Formation of the central uplift belt in the Dongying depression are divided into four periods using petrologic records and their development characteristics are concluded. And then, according to the paragenetic mineral assemblages, carbon and oxygen isotope ratios, chemical elemental composition and other information of carbonate cements, their formation mechanisms were studied. Study results show that carbonates in the study area are mainly affected by the organic acids generated during the process of maturation of organic matter and the dissolution of the carbonate debris during deposition of Es₄. In the study area, four periods of carbonate cements developed mostly. The first period of carbonate cements is mainly dolomite. Its formation is related to decomposition effects of methane bacteria on organic matter; the second period of carbonate cements is mainly formed of calcite and there is a layer of chlorite film locating between the second period and the first period of carbonate cements. The formation of cements is related to Ca and HCO₃^- oversaturation caused by pore fluid condensation; the third period of carbonate cements mainly include calcite, dolomite and ankerite, being characterized by filling dissolution pore of feldspar and primary pore, with their substance derived from the dissolution pore of feldspar and dehydration of mudstone; the fourth period of carbonate cements is characterized by filling the early-stage carbonate-corroded pores. Their substances are derived from the conversion of clay minerals and are usually symbiotic with pyrite particles, and their formation is affected by the hydrocarbon fluid flow.
- carbonate /
- cement /
- distribution characteristic /
- formation mechanism /
- Shahejie Formation /
- central uplift belt of Dongying depression

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图 1 东营凹陷中央隆起带构造位置及取样井分布

Fig. 1. Tectonic location of the central uplift belt of Dongying depression and locations of sampling wells

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图 2 东营凹陷中央隆起带沙河街组碳酸盐胶结物含量分布特征

Fig. 2. Distribution characteristics of carbonate cements in central uplift belt of Dongying depression

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图 3 东营凹陷砂岩储层碳酸盐胶结物

a.灰质含鲕粗粉砂岩，辛15，2 069.21 m，单偏光照片；b.粉砂岩，史127，2 180.80 m，阴极发光照片；c.粉砂岩，史127，2 180.80 m，阴极发光照片；d.碳酸盐岩交代第二期石英次生加大，辛斜161，3 364.63 m，铸体薄片照片；e.含铁碳酸盐岩充填溶孔，史126，3 385.49 m，铸体薄片照片；f.油气充注发生在含铁碳酸盐岩胶结之前，牛20，3 038.53 m，铸体薄片照片

Fig. 3. Carbonate cements in sandstone reservoirs of the Dongying Depression

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图 4 典型碳酸盐胶结物及其共生矿物的电子探针背散射图像照片

a.测点处为第一期碳酸盐胶结物，史127井，2 180.8 m；b.测点处为第二期碳酸盐胶结物，史127井，2 180.8 m；c.测点处为第三期碳酸盐胶结物，史127井，3 142.0 m；d.测点处为第四期碳酸盐胶结物，牛22井，3 208.6 m填于钾长石溶蚀的溶孔中，胶结物周围无黄铁矿分布(图 4c)；第四期碳酸盐胶结物以充填早期碳酸盐溶孔等次生孔隙为特征，胶结物与大量黄铁矿颗粒所伴生，其周围为粘土混层(图 4d).

Fig. 4. Photos showing host rock and EPMA back-scattered images of typical carbonate cement

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图 5 牛872井埋藏史及热演化史

Fig. 5. History of burial and thermal evolution of the well Niu872

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图 6 中央隆起带碳酸盐胶结物δ¹³C_PDB和δ¹⁸O_SMOW数值相关

图 6中地幔碳酸盐岩域的数据主要参考Taylor et al.(1967)和Hoefs(1997)的资料；沉积碳酸盐岩域的数据主要参考Veizer and Hoefs(1976)、Toyoda et al.(1994)、Kelts et al.(1990)、王大锐和张映红(2001)和潘立银等(2009)的资料；生物有机体主要参考了Denies(1980)的资料；原始地幔碳酸盐岩与沉积碳酸盐岩之间的过渡带主要参考Valley(1986)的资料

Fig. 6. δ¹³C_PDB and δ¹⁸O_SMOW correlogram of carbonate cements in the central uplift belt

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图 7 碳酸盐胶结物3元素Mg-Ca-Fe面分析(史127井，2 180.8 m)

Fig. 7. Mg-Ca-Fe element-map analysis of carbonate cements

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图 8 碳酸盐胶结物3元素Mg-Ca-Fe面分析图(史127，3 142 m)

Fig. 8. Mg-Ca-Fe element-map analysis of carbonate cements

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图 9 碳酸盐胶结物3元素Mg-Ca-Fe面分析图(牛22井，3 208.6 m)

Fig. 9. Mg-Ca-Fe element-map analysis of carbonate cements

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图 10 成岩序列和烃类流体活动模式

Fig. 10. The diagenetic sequence and the hydrocarbon fluid activity sequence pattern in the research region

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表 1 东营凹陷中央隆起带各类碳酸盐矿物平均含量

Table 1. Average contents of different carbonate cements in central uplift belt of Dongying depression

层位	深度	平均含量(%)				碳酸盐总量(%)	样品总数(个)
层位	深度	方解石	白云石	铁方解石	铁白云石	碳酸盐总量(%)	样品总数(个)
沙一段	1 400~2 200	3.6	0.2	0.0	0.0	3.8	174
沙二段	1 800~2 400	2.3	0.7	0.2	0.0	3.2	449
沙三段	2 400~3 400	1.4	1.3	2.6	1.7	7.0	498
沙四段	3 000~3 800	1.1	2.7	0.4	1.1	5.3	400

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表 2 东营凹陷碳酸盐岩胶结物流体包裹体温度

Table 2. Measurement data of fluid inclusion in the carbonate cements in the Dongying depression

深度(m)	包裹体类型	宿主矿物	温度(℃)
3 042.54	油包裹体	方解石胶结物	90.00
3 042.54	油包裹体	方解石胶结物	91.50
3 042.54	油包裹体	方解石胶结物	96.30
3 042.54	油包裹体	石英次生加大边	83.20
3 042.54	油包裹体	石英次生加大边	84.50
3 042.54	盐水包裹体	石英颗粒内裂纹	103.20
3 042.54	盐水包裹体	石英颗粒内裂纹	103.70
3 042.54	盐水包裹体	石英颗粒内裂纹	104.30
3 042.54	盐水包裹体	石英颗粒内裂纹	107.00
3 042.54	盐水包裹体	石英颗粒内裂纹	107.10
3 042.54	盐水包裹体	石英颗粒内裂纹	107.40
3 042.54	盐水包裹体	石英颗粒内裂纹	130.40
3 042.54	盐水包裹体	方解石胶结物	103.50
3 042.54	盐水包裹体	方解石胶结物	108.00
3 042.54	盐水包裹体	方解石胶结物	109.70
3 042.54	盐水包裹体	方解石胶结物	115.00
3 042.54	盐水包裹体	方解石胶结物	118.20
3 042.54	盐水包裹体	方解石胶结物	134.00
注：井号：牛872；层位：沙三段；资料来源：胜利油田地质科学研究所.

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表 3 东营凹陷中央隆起带碳酸盐胶结物碳氧同位素测试结果

Table 3. The test result of carbon and oxygen isotope ratio of calcite cements from central uplift belt of Dongying depression

井号	深度(m)	δ¹³C_V-PDB(‰)	δ¹⁸O_V-PDB(‰)	δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW(‰)	主要矿物	温度(℃)
河130	2 780.4	2.7	-11.8	18.7	白云石	117.4
河130	2 404.0	6.0	-7.3	23.3	方解石	54.0
河156	2 752.8	-4.3	-7.6	23.0	白云石	82.5
河156	2 997.7	3.3	-10.1	20.5	白云石	102.0
河156	3 215.5	-2.5	-8.9	21.7	白云石	92.1
河159	2 954.3	1.0	-5.1	25.6	白云石	65.7
河163	2 833.4	2.1	-10.6	20.0	方解石	76.6
河斜108	3 477.0	2.8	-9.4	21.2	白云石	96.4
河斜108	3 481.8	-2.2	-11.7	18.8	白云石	116.4
河斜108	3 478.2	0.8	-12.9	17.6	白云石	128.1
利99-3	3 155.1	1.3	-10.6	20.0	白云石	106.4
梁105	2 767.1	-2.5	-17.4	13.0	方解石	146.4
牛110	3 000.6	3.5	-12.0	18.6	方解石	88.0
牛110	3 004.8	4.3	-12.3	18.2	方解石	91.4
牛116	3 099.7	2.2	-13.9	16.6	白云石	139.0
牛22	3 233.2	2.4	-9.1	21.5	方解石	65.7
牛22	3 208.6	0.3	-10.2	20.4	铁白云石	98.8
史106	3 398.7	3.3	-13.5	16.9	铁方解石	102.0
史112	3 042.4	1.6	-10.6	20.0	方解石	76.8
史117	3 392.1	-2.5	-11.9	18.7	方解石	87.2
史117	3 332.5	1.4	-14.0	16.4	方解石	107.0
史121	3 530.0	1.3	-13.9	16.6	方解石	105.4
史127	3 162.8	2.9	-13.5	17.0	白云石	134.3
史127	3 142.0	-9.0	-13.7	16.8	方解石	104.1
史127	3 214.5	2.8	-9.9	20.7	方解石	71.6
辛154	2 934.5	3.4	-12.4	18.1	方解石	92.2
辛154	2 936.5	2.6	-10.4	20.1	方解石	75.6
营67	3 068.7	2.9	-11.2	19.4	铁白云石	108.5
营67	3 072.0	1.6	-10.1	20.5	铁白云石	97.8
营67	3 067.2	1.5	-12.7	17.8	方解石	94.4
注：(1)计算温度时流体的δ¹⁸O(SMOW)取现今海水值0；(2)计算(铁)方解石、白云石、铁白云石的温度公式是不一样的；(3)PDB是北美皮狄组美洲拟箭石(Pee Dee Belemnite)的缩略语，SMOW为维也纳标准平均海水, 两者换算公式为δ¹³C_V-PDB=0.97δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW-30.00；(4)构造带：中央隆起带；层位：沙三段.

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表 4 东营凹陷沙河街组湖泊沉积碳酸盐碳氧同位素组成(蔡观强等，2009)

Table 4. The δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values of carbonates for Es sedimentary rocks from the Dongying sag

层位	样号	岩性	δ¹³C(‰)	δ¹⁸O(‰)
Es₃	L11-2	泥灰岩	-1.33	-11.61
	L11-6	泥灰岩	-2.45	-13.98
	L11-23	泥灰岩	-1.96	-13.28
	L11-31	泥灰岩	-1.55	-12.89
Es₄	DF5-1	泥灰岩	3.08	-11.09
	DF5-2	泥灰岩	3.59	-9.24
	DF5-6	泥灰岩	2.80	-8.71
	DF5-7	泥灰岩	3.20	-8.89
	DF5-10	泥灰岩	1.20	-10.76
	DF5-12	泥灰岩	3.01	-8.75
	DF5-14	泥灰岩	3.50	-8.20

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