超基性岩红土风化壳中REE地球化学：不同气候风化剖面的对比

付伟; 黄小荣; 杨梦力; 雷良奇; 牛虎杰; 张亚倩

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2014.067

超基性岩红土风化壳中REE地球化学：不同气候风化剖面的对比

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.067

付伟^{1, 2, 3,},
黄小荣³,
杨梦力³,
雷良奇^{1, 2, 3},
牛虎杰⁴,
张亚倩³

1.
桂林理工大学广西矿冶与环境科学实验中心，广西桂林 541004
2.
桂林理工大学广西隐伏金属矿产勘查重点实验室，广西桂林 541004
3.
桂林理工大学地球科学学院，广西桂林 541004
4.
金川集团股份有限公司，甘肃金昌 737100

基金项目:

国家自然科学青年基金 41102051

国家自然科学基金 41272394

广西自然科学基金 2012GXNSFAA053187

广西重点实验室建设项目 11-031-20

广西重点实验室建设项目 12-071-20

桂林理工大学“八桂学者”和广西研究生教育创新计划 YCSZ2012077

详细信息

作者简介:
付伟(1980-)，男，博士，副教授，主要从事矿床地质学及地球化学方向的教学与科研工作.E-mail: fuwei@glut.edu.cn

中图分类号: P618.41; P595
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2013-12-01
- 刊出日期: 2014-06-15

REE Geochemistry in the Laterite Crusts Derived from Ultramafic Rocks: Comparative Study of Two Laterite Profiles under Different Climate Condition

Fu Wei^{1, 2, 3
,},
Huang Xiaorong³,
Yang Mengli³,
Lei Liangqi^{1, 2, 3},
Niu Hujie⁴,
Zhang Yaqian³

1.
Guangxi Experiment Center of Mining, Metallurgy and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
2.
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Hidden Metallic Ore Deposits Exploration, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
3.
College of Earth Sciences, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
4.
Jinchuan Group Co., Ltd., Jinchang 737100, China

摘要

摘要: 选择印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛Kolonodale地区和中国云南省元江地区的2个超基性岩红土风化壳为研究对象，对比研究不同气候环境下超基性岩在红土风化过程中REE的地球化学特征及其演化机制.研究发现，印尼Kolonodale和中国元江剖面的REE分布型式具有一定的共性规律，都表现出显著的REE表生富集效应(相对于基岩的最大富集系数分别达44.21和236.19)、不均一的轻重稀土分异(分异程度随剖面深度加大而降低)以及剧烈的Ce异常正负转换现象(风化壳上部是正Ce异常，风化壳下部是负Ce异常).2个剖面中REE最大富集段的产出位置明显错位，表现在Kolonodale剖面中REE最大富集段出现在腐岩层，而在元江剖面中REE最大富集段出现在红土层.质量平衡计算指示，REE在超基性岩红土化过程中发生了显著的迁移和分异现象，其地球化学行为受红土剖面pH值环境与有机质(O.M.)含量的制约.案例对比分析表明，气候环境对超基性岩红土化过程中REE的地球化学演化具有重要影响.在热带雨林环境的印尼Kolonodale剖面中，风化壳中REE主要继承于基岩，在高强度的红土化作用下，REE经历了强烈的重新分配和垂向分异.而在亚热带季风气候环境的中国元江剖面中，风化壳中的REE具有更复杂的物源背景，除继承基岩外还可能叠加了风尘沉积物的影响.元江剖面的红土化程度偏弱，导致REE在表生演化中未发生强烈的淋滤和次生富集作用.
- 稀土元素 /
- 红土风化壳 /
- 超基性岩 /
- 气候背景 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: To understand the characteristics and evolution of REE during the process of the ultramafic laterization under different climate conditions, two outcrops Kolonodale in Indonesia and Yuanjiang in China are chosen for comparision. It is found that the contents of REE from the laterite crusts are higher than those from the bed rocks in both places (enrichment factor being 44.21 and 236.19 respectively).The indices of differentiation between the LREE and HREE decrease with profile downward toward, and the indice of Ce anomaly shows a shift from the positive Ce anomaly in the upper segment to negative Ce anomaly in the lower part. The difference between the two profiles lies in the distribution of the highest REE enriched segment. The laterite layer represent the most REE enriched for the Yuanjiang, whereas the saprolite layer for the Kolonodale. The evaluation of the mass balance shows remarkable migration and differentiation of REE in the ultramafic laterization process, which were constrained effectively by the pH environmentand organic matter (O.M.). The results indicate that climate have had great influence on the geochemical evolution of REE during the ultramafic laterization. Under the rainforest climate condition, the REE from the Kolonodale originates mainly from the basal rocks and has experienced intensive redistribution during the laterization; whereas the REE from the Yuanjiang has a mixed source stemming from both the parent rock and aeolian sediment, and it has been through only slight redistribution during the laterization.
- rare earth element /
- laterite crust /
- ultramafic rock /
- climate condition /
- geochemistry

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图 1 典型红土风化壳剖面及各层位描述

a.Kolonodale剖面；b.元江剖面

Fig. 1. Typical laterite weathering profile and lithostratigraphic characteristics

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图 2 稀土元素C1球粒陨石标准化配分模式

a~c.Kolonodale剖面；d~f.元江剖面

Fig. 2. The REE chondrite normalization pattern of laterite profiles

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图 3 基岩标准化配分模式

a, b.Kolonodale剖面；c, d.元江剖面

Fig. 3. The bed rocks normalization pattern of laterite profiles

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图 4 REE迁移率变化曲线

a, b.Kolonodale剖面；c, d.元江剖面

Fig. 4. The REE mobility ratio along the laterite profile

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图 5 元江剖面红土层风化产物X粉晶衍射

Mnt.蒙脱石；Hem.赤铁矿；Q.石英；Tlc.滑石

Fig. 5. XRD patterns of the weathering products in the laterite layer of Yuanjiang profile

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图 6 元江剖面不同风化亚层风化产物的矿物组合

a.基岩；b.腐岩层；c.红土层.Hem.赤铁矿；Q.石英；Mnt.蒙脱石；Srp.蛇纹石；Ol.橄榄石；Px.辉石

Fig. 6. Mineral assemblage of the weathering products in different layers of Yuanjiang profile

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图 7 pH-OM-REE相关关系

a.Kolonodale剖面；b.元江剖面

Fig. 7. The correlation pattern of pH-OM-REE

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表 1 Kolonodale剖面中稀土元素、pH及有机质含量分析结果

Table 1. The contents of REE, pH and O.M. of the Kolonodale laterite profile

层位	紫红色红土层	黄色红土层			腐岩层				基岩层
编号	L1-1	L1-2	L1-3	D1-3	L1-4	L1-5	K1-2	L1-6	L1-7
La	1.165	1.265	0.561	1.144	17.090	4.531	0.996	0.751	0.219
Ce	7.879	9.741	2.193	0.388	0.062	0.096	0.130	0.063	0.120
Pr	0.321	0.323	0.202	0.269	4.865	0.286	0.209	0.050	0.053
Nd	1.261	1.227	0.988	0.914	18.920	1.011	0.739	0.235	0.191
Sm	0.404	0.363	0.425	0.187	3.456	0.198	0.142	0.122	0.080
Eu	0.106	0.090	0.106	0.030	0.932	0.084	0.023	0.047	0.023
Gd	0.438	0.415	0.417	0.177	5.845	0.527	0.189	0.245	0.155
Tb	0.078	0.077	0.085	0.029	0.888	0.095	0.027	0.053	0.030
Dy	0.548	0.515	0.570	0.161	6.037	0.708	0.154	0.417	0.213
Ho	0.127	0.120	0.128	0.031	1.637	0.195	0.034	0.103	0.054
Er	0.382	0.389	0.392	0.071	4.599	0.582	0.099	0.322	0.153
Tm	0.071	0.069	0.074	0.011	0.573	0.086	0.014	0.053	0.028
Yb	0.584	0.579	0.548	0.056	3.059	0.588	0.114	0.404	0.198
Lu	0.091	0.095	0.087	0.010	0.558	0.095	0.023	0.061	0.031
Y	2.833	2.952	2.462	0.734	64.92	9.624	1.176	2.750	1.328
∑REE	13.46	15.27	6.78	3.48	68.52	9.08	2.89	2.93	1.55
LREE	11.14	13.01	4.48	2.93	45.33	6.21	2.24	1.27	0.69
HREE	2.32	2.26	2.30	0.55	23.20	2.88	0.65	1.66	0.86
LREE/HREE	4.80	5.76	1.94	5.37	1.95	2.16	3.42	0.76	0.80
La_N/Yb_N	1.43	1.57	0.73	14.65	4.01	5.53	6.27	1.33	0.79
δEu	0.77	0.71	0.76	0.50	0.63	0.75	0.43	0.81	0.62
δCe	3.100	3.640	1.590	0.170	0.001	0.010	0.070	0.060	0.260
pH	5.56	5.61	5.80	7.66	8.03	7.03	6.98	7.19	8.56
O.M.(%)	4.82	2.74	1.11	2.22	2.11	2.70	2.67	1.75	3.36
注：REE单位为10^-6；REE、pH和O.M.送样测试：黄小荣.

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表 2 元江剖面稀土元素、pH及有机质含量分析结果

Table 2. The contents of REE, pH and O.M. in YuanJiang laterite profile

层位	红土层			腐岩层							基岩层
编号	p1-19	p1-18	p1-16	p1-13	p1-11	p1-9	p1-7	p1-5	p1-4	p1-2	J-3	J-1
La	25.120	5.812	7.746	36.500	40.210	18.430	1.095	0.419	0.079	0.068	0.026	0.237
Ce	53.360	35.970	92.210	0.324	0.262	0.324	0.186	0.440	0.065	0.108	0.071	0.096
Pr	5.948	1.412	2.419	11.020	5.991	1.377	0.037	0.058	0.011	0.017	0.007	0.018
Nd	21.720	5.458	9.879	42.180	21.600	4.530	0.123	0.223	0.046	0.056	0.033	0.087
Sm	3.935	1.026	1.741	5.867	1.867	0.209	0.023	0.039	0.007	0.009	0.010	0.017
Eu	0.726	0.222	0.340	1.267	0.335	0.031	0.001	0.007	<0.001	0.001	<0.001	0.005
Gd	3.236	0.992	1.678	6.011	1.942	0.265	0.019	0.039	0.004	0.013	0.010	0.009
Tb	0.593	0.139	0.192	0.777	0.197	0.019	0.003	0.006	0.001	0.003	0.003	0.002
Dy	3.949	0.752	0.993	4.179	0.971	0.093	0.026	0.040	0.008	0.021	0.018	0.017
Ho	0.822	0.146	0.200	0.850	0.226	0.028	0.007	0.010	0.003	0.006	0.004	0.005
Er	2.507	0.364	0.462	2.041	0.498	0.065	0.023	0.032	0.008	0.021	0.015	0.012
Tm	0.387	0.054	0.070	0.239	0.049	0.007	0.004	0.004	0.001	0.004	0.002	0.002
Yb	2.461	0.349	0.421	1.205	0.203	0.050	0.043	0.045	0.009	0.032	0.019	0.020
Lu	0.419	0.055	0.072	0.222	0.040	0.010	0.007	0.007	<0.001	0.003	0.003	0.003
Y	20.310	3.490	5.513	26.49	13.500	4.384	0.312	0.297	0.055	0.148	0.111	0.107
∑REE	125.18	52.75	118.42	112.68	74.39	25.44	1.60	1.37	0.24	0.36	0.22	0.53
LREE	110.81	49.90	114.34	97.16	70.27	24.90	1.47	1.19	0.21	0.26	0.15	0.46
HREE	14.37	2.85	4.09	15.52	4.13	0.54	0.13	0.18	0.04	0.10	0.07	0.07
LREE/HREE	7.71	17.50	27.97	6.26	17.03	46.37	11.10	6.48	5.97	2.51	1.99	6.57
La_N/Yb_N	7.32	11.95	13.20	21.73	142.08	264.40	18.27	6.68	6.30	1.52	0.98	8.50
δEu	0.60	0.66	0.60	0.65	0.53	0.40	0.14	0.54	0.53	0.28	0.30	1.11
δCe	1.030 0	2.980 0	5.180 0	0.003 9	0.003 7	0.010 0	0.120 0	0.600 0	0.470 0	0.760 0	1.270 0	0.260 0
pH	5.25	6.48	6.48	6.65	6.75	7.15	7.15	7.07	7.24	7.15	7.24	8.00
O.M.(%)	4.70	1.57	0.49	1.17	1.43	1.71	2.04	2.63	1.41	1.62	2.25	3.37
注：REE单位为10^-6；表中<0.001的计算过程中按0.001计算；REE、pH和O.M.送样测试：黄小荣.

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表 3 Kolonodale剖面稀土元素质量平衡评价(10^-6)

Table 3. The mass balance count of REE in the Kolonodale laterite profile

编号	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
L1-1	-58.77	408.93	-53.05	-48.83	-60.86	-64.28	-78.10	-79.85	-80.06	-81.77	-80.65	-80.35	-77.14	-77.25
L1-2	-51.86	576.57	-49.21	-46.46	-62.18	-67.39	-77.68	-78.61	-79.85	-81.48	-78.81	-79.46	-75.63	-74.46
L1-3	-83.82	15.45	-75.92	-67.32	-66.44	-70.89	-83.00	-82.10	-83.09	-85.03	-83.81	-83.30	-82.52	-82.27
D1-3	395.32	206.59	381.26	353.75	121.64	23.68	8.28	-8.34	-28.33	-45.57	-56.00	-62.75	-73.18	-69.41
L1-4	2 812.63	-80.72	3 326.05	3 597.21	1 512.39	1 412.43	1 307.47	1 004.79	957.86	1 031.47	1 021.91	663.81	476.64	571.83
L1-5	683.48	-69.71	104.35	100.44	-6.28	38.30	28.75	19.92	25.87	36.75	44.05	16.31	12.46	16.05
K1-2	678.56	85.46	575.07	562.35	203.86	71.19	108.74	54.07	23.77	7.79	10.77	-14.41	-1.44	27.01
L1-6	-42.97	-91.27	-84.31	-79.54	-74.64	-66.02	-73.71	-70.62	-67.44	-68.28	-65.00	-68.52	-66.07	-67.28

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表 4 元江剖面稀土元素质量平衡评价(10^-6)

Table 4. The mass balance count of REE in the Yuanjiang laterite profile

编号	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
p1-19	8 809.60	46 623.09	27 677.00	20 885.90	19 357.31	12 105.44	30 124.07	24 823.65	19 426.53	13 719.39	17 461.44	16 165.52	10 243.53	11 640.31
p1-18	732.55	12 620.51	2 563.16	2 029.85	1 948.96	1 407.36	3 642.00	2 259.50	1 401.77	891.33	929.81	816.64	492.42	522.41
p1-16	1 308.59	4 1296.26	5 691.85	4 793.82	4 313.71	2 830.65	7 935.33	4 037.38	2 417.41	1 623.91	1 559.26	1 408.42	807.21	934.35
p1-13	6 764.93	50.44	27 189.81	21 511.19	15 283.62	11 195.31	29 671.15	17 217.39	10 857.58	7 477.75	7 481.46	5 226.71	2 585.64	3 198.55
p1-11	6 978.58	13.87	13 786.32	10 258.45	4 482.01	2 695.34	8 902.58	4 009.57	2 283.04	1 785.81	1 631.44	922.18	323.47	456.29
p1-9	7 898.64	247.15	7 768.66	5 255.73	1 164.55	537.72	2 928.61	877.15	462.70	476.01	457.15	260.00	157.15	242.86
p1-7	260.79	51.30	60.51	10.40	5.65	-84.38	64.85	17.13	19.43	9.32	49.67	56.18	67.89	82.21
p1-5	17.78	205.35	114.67	70.77	52.84	-6.73	188.70	99.87	56.76	33.24	77.66	33.24	49.90	55.45
p1-4	142.78	393.15	345.10	285.10	199.90	45.67	223.71	264.17	242.75	337.00	385.56	264.17	227.75	142.78
p1-2	-60.50	54.86	30.01	-11.40	-27.13	-72.47	98.83	106.48	70.04	65.18	140.89	175.30	120.24	37.65
J-3	-91.04	-39.56	-68.22	-69.00	-51.93	-83.66	-9.20	22.58	-13.48	-34.63	2.15	-18.28	-22.37	-18.28

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