Paleogeomorphology Recovery and Reservoir Prediction of Upper Carboniferous in M Block, Pre-Caspian Basin
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摘要: 白云岩储层的发育主要受原始沉积岩性和后期溶蚀作用影响, 原始沉积岩性受沉积时古地貌控制, 后期溶蚀作用受溶蚀古地貌控制.滨里海盆地M区块石炭世KT-Ⅰ层有利储集岩为溶蚀白云岩, 分布在KT-Ⅰ层顶部, 孔隙类型为晶间(溶)孔、粒内溶孔和生物体腔孔.M区块石炭系沉积时为"西高东低"古地貌背景, 在二叠世早期地层回返呈"东高西低"特征, KT-Ⅰ层顶部遭受剥蚀.通过残余地层厚度法和沉积补偿厚度印模法对KT-Ⅰ层原始沉积古地貌和后期溶蚀古地貌进行了恢复, 指出了M区块原始沉积古地貌高地与溶蚀斜坡带叠合区为有效白云岩储层分布区, 提出了M区块勘探方向为"向南扩大勘探场面, 向东拓展勘探新区", 在中-南部和南部建议了3口井位, 取得了很好的钻探实效.表明古地貌恢复技术是M区块预测白云岩储层的有效方法.Abstract: The development of dolomite reservoirs is mainly influenced by primary sedimentary lithology and later dissolution action, whereas the primary sedimentary lithology is controlled by pre-depositional paleogeomorphology and the dissolution action is controlled by karst-geomorphology. In M Block, the favorable reservoir rock of KT-Ⅰ is dissolution dolomite and is distributed in the upper formation, with its pore types mainly including intercrystalline pores, intercrystalline solution pores, intergranular solution pores and organic visceral pores. The paleogeomorphology in Carboniferous in M Block is featured with "higher in west and lower in east" and "lower in west and higher in east" in Early Permian, with the eroded top formation of KT-Ⅰ. This study applies residual thickness method and mould method for recovery of the pre-depositional paleogeomorphology and the karst-geomorphology respectively, and suggests the favorable area of dolomite reservoirs occurs in the overlap zone of the pre-depositional paleogeomorphology highland and karst-slope zone, and it is further suggested that exploration area for potential dolomite reservoirs is to be extended southward and eastward. Three appraisal wells in central-southern and southern areas yield good results. The study shows the paleogeomorphology recovery technique is effective for predicting dolomite reservoir in M Block.
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图 2 滨里海盆地盐下层系地层图
Fig. 2. Stratum histogram for the pre-salt sediments of Pre-Caspian basin
图 4 研究区KT-Ⅰ白云岩薄片特征
a.样品编号6-3s(A-4井2 342.81 m)，残余生屑(泥)粉晶白云岩，晶间溶孔，生物有4种遭受破坏后的类型：①有其外形，但体腔全被溶蚀；②保持壳壁，体内全溶；③壳壁被溶，形成壳模孔；④高岭石充填体腔；b.样品编号7-31(A-4井2 352.92 m)，泥晶残余生屑云岩，体腔孔，大部分生屑为被溶蚀后的残余类，虽保持了其外形特征，但内部房室被溶，其他瓣鳃类、腹足类均被溶为铸模孔、壳壁孔；c.样品编号2-7s(A-4井)，溶蚀孔隙及晶间孔隙发育，溶孔内被菱面体白云石部分充填；d.样品编号7-6zx(A-4井)，晶间孔隙及溶蚀孔隙发育，见高岭石及伊利石少量分布
Fig. 4. Thin section characteristics of dolomite reservoir in KT-Ⅰ in study area
图 7 A33-A34-35连井A2+A3层岩性对比剖面
Fig. 7. The lithology correlation section of A2+A3 in wells A33-A34-35
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