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    地应力对碳酸盐岩溶解和岩溶发育的影响

    钱海涛 孙强 王思敬

    钱海涛, 孙强, 王思敬, 2014. 地应力对碳酸盐岩溶解和岩溶发育的影响. 地球科学, 39(7): 896-904. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.084
    引用本文: 钱海涛, 孙强, 王思敬, 2014. 地应力对碳酸盐岩溶解和岩溶发育的影响. 地球科学, 39(7): 896-904. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.084
    Qian Haitao, Sun Qiang, Wang Sijing, 2014. Effects of Geo-stress on Carbonate Dissolution and Karst Evolution. Earth Science, 39(7): 896-904. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.084
    Citation: Qian Haitao, Sun Qiang, Wang Sijing, 2014. Effects of Geo-stress on Carbonate Dissolution and Karst Evolution. Earth Science, 39(7): 896-904. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.084

    地应力对碳酸盐岩溶解和岩溶发育的影响

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.084
    基金项目: 

    中国地震局地壳应力研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项 ZDJ2012-17

    国家自然科学基金青年基金 41202218

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      钱海涛(1978-), 男, 博士, 副研究员, 主要从事工程地质、水文地质和地震地质灾害方面的研究工作.E-mail: haitao-qian@163.com

    • 中图分类号: P641

    Effects of Geo-stress on Carbonate Dissolution and Karst Evolution

    • 摘要: 地应力对碳酸盐岩溶解和岩溶发育的影响研究是一个值得注意但又长期被忽视的问题, 结合地球化学、地质热力学、矿物岩石学、岩石弹塑性力学方面的知识, 在理论上全面地分析地应力的影响.研究表明, 在应力作用下, 碳酸盐岩岩体内应变能提高、溶解反应自由能增加、裂隙发育特征与水流运动条件发生变化, 使得碳酸盐岩固体表面处溶解物饱和浓度增大, 改变了岩体内水流的厚度、水流流态以及水中碳酸盐岩溶解物浓度, 从而影响了碳酸盐岩的溶解速率; 且应力的存在改变了有效的水岩相互作用面积; 应力作用下碳酸盐岩溶解存在的"应力-溶解"耦合竞争循环机制使得岩溶发育出现混沌现象和自组织行为, 初始应力介入所导致的一个很微小的影响因可被迅速放大至成百上千倍而不可忽略, 自然界中碳酸盐岩岩体内溶解和结晶并存、串珠状溶洞以及孤立溶洞的形成发育机制一定程度上可归结为应力溶解自组织行为的结果.

       

    • 图  1  应力-溶解耦合示意

      Fig.  1.  Coupling of stress and dissolution

      图  2  碳酸盐岩应力-溶解正负反馈循环示意

      Fig.  2.  Positive and negative feedback loop of stress-dissolution in carbonic rock

      图  3  碳酸盐岩内应力-溶解耦合竞争作用机制示意

      Fig.  3.  Competitive mechanism because of stress-dissolution in carbonic rock

      图  4  碳酸盐岩裂隙应力-溶解耦合竞争演化示意

      Fig.  4.  Competitive mechanism of stress-dissolution in carbonic rock fractures

      图  5  应力-溶解耦合使得串珠状溶洞发育示意

      Fig.  5.  Formation mechanism of moniliform distributed karst caves because of stress-dissolution coupling

      图  6  碳酸盐岩岩体孔洞扩展竞争最终结果示意

      Fig.  6.  Formation mechanism of isolated karst caves because of stress-dissolution coupling

      表  1  施加不同压力后的自由能变、活度及溶解速率比

      Table  1.   Free energy change, activity and dissolution rate of carbonate solid under different pressures

      P(MPa) ΔGP0Pe(J·mol-1) aCaCO3(s) Rp/R0 溶解速率增长幅度(%)
      10 0.948 616 6 1.000 383 0 1.000 127 6 0.01
      50 23.715 415 1.009 618 0 1.003 195 8 0.32
      90 76.837 945 1.0314 993 1.0103 914 1.04
      125 148.221 34 1.061 651 0 1.020 141 9 2.01
      150 213.438 73 1.089 968 0 1.029 132 4 2.91
      200 379.446 64 1.165 502 8 1.052 376 4 5.24
      280 743.715 40 1.350 100 0 1.105 236 9 10.52
      300 853.754 94 1.411 415 9 1.121 721 4 12.17
      400 1517.786 6 1.845 242 1 1.226 547 7 22.65
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