Evolution of Sedimentary Basins in Tarim during Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic
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摘要: 塔里木盆地位于中国西北新疆维吾尔自治区南部，夹持在天山与昆仑山褶皱带和阿尔金山之间，是一个长期发展形成的大型叠合盆地.在综合研究前人资料的基础上，通过对塔里木地区岩石地层、沉积建造的对比分析，划分出塔里木新元古代-古生代的被动陆缘、夭折裂谷、碳酸盐岩台地、碎屑岩陆表海、残余海盆、混积陆表海、陆内裂陷盆地、前陆盆地共8种沉积盆地类型，并分析盆地形成演化的大地构造环境：新元古代早期，塔里木进入稳定的盖层发展阶段；青白口纪发育裂谷和被动陆缘，南华纪-早震旦世发育夭折裂谷和大陆冰川；古生代主要发育碳酸盐岩台地、碎屑岩陆表海和混积陆表海；受北侧哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块碰撞的影响，南天山石炭纪洋盆于晚石炭世-早二叠世末俯冲消减；中二叠世始，塔里木大部分演变为前陆盆地.Abstract: Tarim basin, located in southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of Northwest China, held among the Tianshan, Kunlun and Altun fold belts, is a large, superimposed basin which has a long evolutional history. Based on the comprehensive study of the previous results, we conduct a comparative study of lithostragraphy and sedimentary, and divide the Tarim area into 8 types of sedimentary basin during Neoproterozoic-Mesozoic, including passive continental margin, failed rift, carbonate platform, clastic epeiric sea, residual sea, mixed clastic-carbonate epeiric sea, inland graben basin, and foreland basin.The tectonic environments of basin formation and evolution are analyzed in this paper: Early Neoproterozoic, Tarim turned into stable stage of cover development.During Qingbaikouan, rift and passive continental margin were developed.Nanhua-Early Sinian, mortality rift and continental glaciers were developed.Carbonate platform, clastic epeiric sea and clastic-carbonate epeiric sea mainly developed during Paleozoic. The collision between Tarim and Kazakhstan-Junggar plate led to later subduction of the southern Tianshan oceanic basin of Carboniferous at the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian. At the beginning of Middle Permian, most of the Tarim evolved to foreland basin.
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Key words:
- Tarim basin /
- sedimentology /
- tectonics /
- evolution
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图 1 塔里木地区及其邻区的地层分区
Ⅰ-1.西南天山-霍拉山；Ⅰ-2.塔中；Ⅰ-3.柯坪；Ⅰ-4.库鲁克塔格；Ⅰ-5.铁克里克；Ⅱ-1.柳园；Ⅱ-2.敦煌；Ⅱ-3.阿北；Ⅲ-1.哈尔克山；Ⅲ-2.艾尔宾山-库米什；Ⅳ.秦祁昆；Ⅴ.甜水海；Ⅵ.康西瓦-泉水沟；据潘桂棠等(2009)修改
Fig. 1. The of Tarim area and its surrounddings
图 2 塔里木岩石地层单位序列及盆地类型划分
P2-3b.尤勒尔谷孜组；PA.阿恰群；P3s.沙井子组；P3dl.达里约尔组；P3d.杜瓦组；P2kr.库尔干组；P2-3p.普司格组；P2-3sh.沙井子组；P2kp.开派兹雷克组；P2kl.卡仑达尔组；P2q.棋盘组；P1-2x.小提坎立克组；P1-2k.库普库满苏组；P1b.巴立克立克组；P1w.乌郎组；P1n.南闸组；C2P1t.塔哈奇组；C2P1kk.康克林组；C2P1z.扎尔加克组；C2kl.喀拉治尔加组；C2a.阿依里河组；C2az.阿孜干组；C2k.卡拉乌衣组；C2p.皮牙曼组；C2K.库尔良群；C2x.小海子组；C2k.卡拉沙依组；C2bg.别根他乌组；C2AK.艾克提克群；C1bs.巴什索贡组；C1yy.野云沟组；C1g.甘草湖组；C1hs.和什拉甫组；C1kl.克里塔克组；C1bch.巴楚组；C1k.库鲁组；C1w.乌什组；C1m.蒙达勒克组；D3t.坦盖塔尔组；D3jd.津丹苏组；D3h.哈孜尔布拉克组；D3q.奇自拉夫组；D2tg.托格买提组；D2k.克孜勒陶组；S3D2kz.克兹尔塔格组；D2s.萨阿尔明组；D2al.阿拉塔格组；D1ap.阿帕达尔康组；D1a.阿尔皮什麦布拉克组；S3k.科克铁克达坂组；S2-3y.伊契克巴什组；S2y.依木干他乌组；S1t.塔塔埃尔塔塔组；S1k.柯坪塔格组；S1ts.土什布拉克组；O3y.印干组；O3q.其浪组；O3k.坎岭组；O2-3s.萨尔干组；O2-3q.却尔却克组；O2-3L.硫磺山群；O1h.黑土凹组；${\rm{\rlap{--} C}}$4O2q.丘里塔格组；${\rm{\rlap{--} C}}$4O1t.突尔沙克塔格组；${\rm{\rlap{--} C}}$3a.阿瓦塔格组；${\rm{\rlap{--} C}}$3s.萨阿尔明组；${\rm{\rlap{--} C}}$3m.莫合尔山组；${\rm{\rlap{--} C}}$2w.吾松格尔组；${\rm{\rlap{--} C}}$2x.西大山组；${\rm{\rlap{--} C}}$1-2x.肖尔布拉克组；${\rm{\rlap{--} C}}$1y.玉尔吐斯组；${\rm{\rlap{--} C}}$1x.西山布拉克组；${\rm{\rlap{--} C}}$1s.双鹰山组；${\rm{\rlap{--} C}}$1xs.西双鹰山组；Z2q.奇格布拉克组；Z2h.汉格尔乔克组；Z2s.水泉组；Z2kz.克孜勒苏胡木组；Z1s.苏盖特布拉克组；Z1y.肯育沟组；Z1zm.扎摩克提组；Z1kr.库尔卡克组；Z1yt.雨塘组；Nh3y.尤尔美那克组；Nh3t.特瑞爱肯组；Nh3a.阿勒通沟组；Nh3k.克里西组；Nh2b.波龙组；NhZW.乌什南山群；Nh1z.照壁山组；Nh1b.贝义西组；Nh1y.牙拉古孜组；Qbq.巧恩布拉克组；Qbb.北塞纳尔塔格组；Qbs.塞纳尔塔格组；Qbsk.苏库罗克组；Qbsm.苏玛兰组；Qbbc.博查特塔格组
Fig. 2. The lithostratigraphic unit sequence and basin type of Tarim
图 3 塔里木地区沉积-构造演化
(据曹守连和陈发景，1994；汤良杰，1994修改)
Fig. 3. The schematic diagram of sedimentary-tectonic evolution of Tarim area
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