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    芦山地震同震和震后地表形变及重力变化的理论模拟

    邓明莉 孙和平 徐建桥 祝意青

    邓明莉, 孙和平, 徐建桥, 祝意青, 2014. 芦山地震同震和震后地表形变及重力变化的理论模拟. 地球科学, 39(9): 1373-1382. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.120
    引用本文: 邓明莉, 孙和平, 徐建桥, 祝意青, 2014. 芦山地震同震和震后地表形变及重力变化的理论模拟. 地球科学, 39(9): 1373-1382. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.120
    Deng Mingli, Sun Heping, Xu Jianqiao, Zhu Yiqing, 2014. Theoretical Simulation of Co-Seismic and Post-Seismic Deformations and Gravity Changes of Lushan Earthquake. Earth Science, 39(9): 1373-1382. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.120
    Citation: Deng Mingli, Sun Heping, Xu Jianqiao, Zhu Yiqing, 2014. Theoretical Simulation of Co-Seismic and Post-Seismic Deformations and Gravity Changes of Lushan Earthquake. Earth Science, 39(9): 1373-1382. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.120

    芦山地震同震和震后地表形变及重力变化的理论模拟

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.120
    基金项目: 

    国家自然科学基金项目 41021003

    国家自然科学基金项目 41074053

    中国科学院重点项目 KZCX2-YW-133

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      邓明莉(1983-), 女, 博士研究生, 主要从事地球重力场与地震研究.E-mail: dengml@asch.whigg.ac.cn

    • 中图分类号: P315.72

    Theoretical Simulation of Co-Seismic and Post-Seismic Deformations and Gravity Changes of Lushan Earthquake

    • 摘要: 为了研究芦山地震的孕震过程和震源区的长期构造过程以及解释实测的震后形变和重力资料, 采用分层介质模型, 利用数值模拟的方法, 考虑区域流变系数, 计算了地震引起的地表同震、震后的形变和重力变化以及区域内部分GPS与重力连续观测台站的震后形变和重力变化的时间序列.结果表明: 芦山地震的地表同震形变显示出发震断层明显的逆冲特性; 粘弹性松弛效应引起的震后地表形变和重力变化比同震形变和重力变化的范围明显扩大, 但随着粘滞系数的增加, 变化量明显减小; 观测台站的震后变化时变曲线显示震后形变和重力变化在震后50 a间变化显著, 100 a后基本平缓, 趋于稳定; 模拟计算的GPS台站中除了MEIG台和MYAN台以外, 其余台站的震后观测必须考虑粘弹性松弛的影响.

       

    • 图  1  芦山地震滑动模型

      模型1为刘成利等(2013)给出的模型;模型2为王卫民等(2013)给出的模型

      Fig.  1.  The slip distribution models of Lushan earthquake

      图  2  地表同震形变和重力变化

      上图为模型1模拟的结果,下图为模型2模拟的结果;紫色和棕色矩形分别为模型1和模型2断层面在地表的投影.a.地表同震水平形变;b.地表垂直形变;c.同震重力变化

      Fig.  2.  Surface coseismic deformation and gravity changes

      图  3  不同粘滞系数模型引起的10 a后地表水平形变

      图a, b, c, d分别对应模型A, 模型B, 模型C, 模型D模拟的结果

      Fig.  3.  Surface horizontal deformation caused by the models with different viscosity coefficients 10 years after the earthquake

      图  4  不同粘滞系数模型引起的10 a后地表垂直形变

      图a, b, c, d分别对应模型A、模型B、模型C、模型D模拟的结果

      Fig.  4.  Surface vertical deformation caused by the models with different viscosity coefficients 10 years after the earthquake

      图  5  粘弹性松弛效应引起的震后200 a形变和重力变化

      a.总的水平形变;b.总的垂直形变;c.总的重力变化

      Fig.  5.  The surface deformation and gravity change caused by viscoelastic relaxation 200 years after the earthquake

      图  6  10个GPS和6个重力连续观测台站的震后形变和重力变化时间序列

      Fig.  6.  Time series of the post-seismic deformation and gravity changes of 10 GPS and 6 gravity continuous observation stations

      表  1  芦山地震区域分层介质模型参数

      Table  1.   Parameters of the layered earth model of Lushan earthquake

      层位 深度(km) Vp(km/s) Vs(km/s) 密度(kg/m3) 平均泊松比
      软沉积层 1 2.5 1.2 2 100
      硬沉积层 1 4.0 2.1 2 400
      上地壳 20 6.1 3.5 2 750 0.26
      中地壳 20 6.3 3.6 2 800
      下地壳 4 7.2 4.0 3 100
      地壳以下 8.0 4.6 3 350 0.25
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  GPS连续观测台站同震形变模拟结果与实测结果的比较

      Table  2.   Comparison of the simulated coseismic deformation with the measured results at GPS stations

      GPS台站 经向形变(mm) 纬向形变(mm) 垂向形变(mm)
      观测结果 模拟结果 观测结果 模拟结果 观测结果 模拟结果
      LESH -2.7(±1.2) -2.064 0 0.8(±1.0) 1.842 00 0.3(±4.9) 0.028 96
      LUZH -0.5(±0.6) -0.299 4 -0.7(±0.5) 0.183 50 3.9(±2.7) 0.055 11
      MEIG -1.4(±1.2) -0.118 2 -0.3(±1.1) 0.195 30 -0.4(±5.4) -0.056 94
      MYAN -0.5(±1.1) -0.124 8 0.1(±1.0) 0.010 71 -1.4(±4.7) -0.091 12
      QLAI -11.6(±1.0) -3.941 0 0.8(±0.9) 2.540 00 -4.9(±4.1) -0.790 10
      ROXI -0.1(±1.2) -0.985 9 -0.5(±1.1) 0.607 50 -4.3(±5.8) 0.101 90
      YAAN -7.0(±1.1) -3.283 0 6.4(±1.0) 0.873 30 -3.5(±4.5) -1.207 00
      注: 括号中数字表示观测误差;模拟结果均为采用模型1计算得到.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  成都台和姑咱台同震重力变化模拟结果与实测结果的比较

      Table  3.   Comparison of the simulated coseismic gravity changes with the measured results at Chengdu station and Guza station

      重力台站 模拟的同震重力变化(10-8 m·s-2) 实测同震重力变化(10-8 m·s-2)
      成都台 0.10(±15) 0
      姑咱台 0.03(±15) -10
      注: 括号中数字表示观测误差;模拟结果均为采用模型1计算得到.
      下载: 导出CSV
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