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    中国大型水库蓄水对近海相对海平面空间变化的影响

    王林松 陈超 杜劲松 王秋革 孙石达

    王林松, 陈超, 杜劲松, 王秋革, 孙石达, 2014. 中国大型水库蓄水对近海相对海平面空间变化的影响. 地球科学, 39(11): 1607-1616. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.154
    引用本文: 王林松, 陈超, 杜劲松, 王秋革, 孙石达, 2014. 中国大型水库蓄水对近海相对海平面空间变化的影响. 地球科学, 39(11): 1607-1616. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.154
    Wang Linsong, Chen Chao, Du Jinsong, Wang Qiuge, Sun Shida, 2014. Impact of Water Impoundment of Large Reservoirs on Spatial Variation of Coastal Relative Sea Level in China. Earth Science, 39(11): 1607-1616. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.154
    Citation: Wang Linsong, Chen Chao, Du Jinsong, Wang Qiuge, Sun Shida, 2014. Impact of Water Impoundment of Large Reservoirs on Spatial Variation of Coastal Relative Sea Level in China. Earth Science, 39(11): 1607-1616. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.154

    中国大型水库蓄水对近海相对海平面空间变化的影响

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.154
    基金项目: 

    大地测量与地球动力学国家重点实验室开放基金项目 SKLGED2013-2-5-E

    博士后科学基金第七批特别资助项目 2014T70753

    湖北省自然科学基金 2014CFB170

    中国地质大学(武汉)地球内部多尺度成像湖北省重点实验室开放基金 SMIL-2014-09

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      王林松(1983-), 男, 讲师, 博士, 主要从事绝对重力、时变重力及大地测量方面的研究.E-mail: wanglinsong.cug@gmail.com

    • 中图分类号: P312

    Impact of Water Impoundment of Large Reservoirs on Spatial Variation of Coastal Relative Sea Level in China

    • 摘要: 通过对我国大型水库蓄水的时空特征进行深入分析, 统计得到近60年来大型水库蓄水累积的库容量已达到697km3, 占全国所有水库库容量的83.3%及全球库容量的6.5%;而2000年以来的大型水库数量及蓄水量的变化有明显的加速, 库容量的变化率为16.7km3/a, 远高于1950年到2000年的4.9km3/a的增长率; 同时借助卫星重力(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, GRACE)观测手段, 对2000年以后主要分布在长江流域以南地区的水库进行水储量估算, 结果显示GRACE仅能估算得到63%的水库变化量, 两者之间的差异可能反映了该地区地下水的长期变化. 结合大型水库的分布位置与库容量, 基于海平面变化方程计算得到了中国近海相对海平面的空间变化. 水库蓄水导致的渤海与东南沿海海域的相对海平面上升明显, 最大上升高度约为8mm; 而2000年以后的水库对海平面的影响主要集中在东南沿海, 其中南海海域较为突出, 上升高度约为2~3mm, 在此期间蓄水造成的近海不同验潮站位置的海平面增长速度在0.02~0.11mm/a之间变化.

       

    • 图  1  中国大型水库完成时间、库容量及位置分布

      数据来源于ICOLD

      Fig.  1.  Date of completion, capacity and locations of the large reservoirs in China

      图  2  1950年以来的中国大型水库蓄水变化

      a.全部水库累积蓄水的增加趋势;b.单个水库蓄水量与时间分布

      Fig.  2.  Water storage change of the large reservoirs in China since 1950

      图  3  GRACE估算大型水库蓄水变化率

      黑色虚线方框内为2000年后大型水库主要分布的地区;a.GRACE估算得到的中国地区陆地水储量的等效水柱高年变化率;b.GRACE估算大型水库主要分布地区(黑色虚线方框内)的敏感度内核分布

      Fig.  3.  The rate of water storage changes from large reservoirs, in mm/a water equivalent thickness, determined by monthly GRACE gravity field solutions

      图  4  水库蓄水引起的相对海平面空间变化以及部分近海验潮站位置分布

      a.1950—2013年的相对海平面响应;b.2000—2013年的相对海平面响应

      Fig.  4.  Spatial variations in relative sea level due to water impoundment behind dams, as well as tide gauge locations

      图  5  中国大型水库蓄水对近海验潮站观测数据的影响

      a.由于蓄水引起的验潮站相对海平面变化;b.将蓄水效应改正后的验潮站观测数据

      Fig.  5.  Effect of water impoundment response to China's large reservoirs loading on tide gauge stations

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    • 收稿日期:  2014-04-10
    • 刊出日期:  2014-11-01

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