Relationship among Steepest Gradient of Gravity Field, Active Fault Zone and Large Earthquake, and Its Rheological Model
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摘要: 为了研究大震(Ms≥7)和巨震(Ms≥8)与重力异常和活动断裂的关系.利用EIGEN-6C重力模型计算了相关地区的自由空气重力异常, 查阅了相关地区的布格重力异常和活动断裂构造.分析了重力异常突变带和活动断裂带与这些地震的空间分布.发现大震和巨震常在重力异常突变带和活动断裂带交汇处发生.结合前人对地球深部构造特征的研究, 提出了一种流变模型来解释大地震发生于重力异常突变带和活动断裂带交汇处的原因: 地壳深部流变层(体)流动受阻碍而引起重力异常和能量积累与释放.Abstract: In order to find the relationship among a large (Ms≥7) earthquake, or a giant earthquake (Ms≥8) and the steepest gradient of gravity field and active fault, the free air gravity anomaly map by EIGEN-6C gravity model was calculated, the bouguer gravity anomaly and active fault of the region trends to occur large or giant earthquake is consulted. The spatial distribution of large and giant earthquakes and active fault, gravity anomaly is analyzed. We come to a conclusion that a large or giant earthquake trends to occur at the intersection area of steepest gradient of gravity field and active fault. With the previous study of deep structures in those area, we propose a rheological model to interpret the regularity. It is that the flow of the rheological layer (body) blocked by the brittle rocks cause the gravity anomaly and energy accumulation and release.
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Key words:
- large earthquake /
- steepest gradient of gravity field /
- active fault zone /
- deep structure /
- rheology
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图 1 部分大震震中与2-360阶自由空气重力异常的对应关系(据EIGEN-6C重力模型)
Fig. 1. The relationship of partial major earthquakes and free air gravity anomaly of 2-360 order
图 2 大地震与自由空气重力异常和活动断裂的细节(据EIGEN-6C重力模型，突变方向通过surfer软件网格工具获取)
Fig. 2. The relationship of major earthquakes and free air gravity anomaly and active fault in detail
图 3 日本地区重力异常与巨震的关系(据Zhang et al., 2011；邹正波等，2012修改)
Fig. 3. Relationship of giant earthquake and gravity anomaly in Japan
图 4 大地震处布格重力异常和活动断裂带分布
图 4重力单位均为mGal, 图 4a, 4b, 4c据地质矿产部, 1∶400万中国布格重力异常图；图 4d据张赤军和方剑, 2001
Fig. 4. The bouguer gravity anomaly and distribution of active fault zone at the epicenter of major earthquake
图 5 汶川地震震源构造模型示意(据张国民等，2009)
Fig. 5. A 3D section showing the tectonic features of the epicenter of Wenchuan earthquake
图 6 重力突变带地区构造模型(模型由3.4中引用文献数据支持)
Fig. 6. A structure model in the region of steepest gradient of gravity field
图 7 重力异常突变区成震模型
a.流变物质的拖曳；b.脆性体对撞；c.破裂产生的地震；d.流变遇阻成大震
Fig. 7. A model of formation of the earthquake in the region of steepest gradient of gravity field
表 1 中国近年来大震和巨震目录
Table 1. Large and giant earthquake catalogue of China in recent years
震中 震级Ms 纬度 经度 深度(km) 时间 于田 7.3 36.14° 82.51° 10 2014-02-12 芦山 7.0 30.30° 102.99° 17 2013-04-20 玉树 7.3 33.22° 96.59° 14 2010-04-14 汶川 8.2 31.01° 103.42° 14 2008-05-12 于田 7.3 35.64° 81.54° 21 2008-03-21 台湾 7.1 21.87° 120.73° 10 2006-12-26 台湾 7.4 21.86° 120.60° 10 2006-12-26 昆仑 8.2 39.92° 90.53° 11 2001-11-14 
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