柴北缘西端盐场北山二长花岗岩年代学、地球化学及其Hf同位素特征

董增产; 辜平阳; 陈锐明; 查显锋; 张海迪

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2015.009

柴北缘西端盐场北山二长花岗岩年代学、地球化学及其Hf同位素特征

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2015.009

董增产^{1, 2,},
辜平阳^{1, 2},
陈锐明^{1, 2},
查显锋^{1, 2},
张海迪^{1, 2}

1.
国土资源部岩浆作用成矿与找矿重点实验室, 西安 710054
2.
中国地质调查局造山带地质研究中心, 西安地质调查中心, 西安 700054

基金项目:

青海阿尔金1∶5万打柴沟等6幅区调 1212011121193

国家青年基金项目 41002063

国家青年基金项目 41102073

详细信息

作者简介:
董增产(1981-), 男, 硕士, 构造地质学专业.E-mail: dzc1981@126.com

中图分类号: P959
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-03-14
- 刊出日期: 2015-01-15

Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Hf Isotope of Yanchangbeishan Adamellite of Lenghu Area in Qinghai

Dong Zengchan^{1, 2
,},
Gu Pingyang^{1, 2},
Chen Ruiming^{1, 2},
Zha Xianfeng^{1, 2},
Zhang Haidi^{1, 2}

1.
MLR Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, Xi'an 710054, China
2.
Research Center for Orogenic Geology, Xi'an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710054, China

摘要

摘要: 盐场北山二长花岗岩位于柴北缘西端青海冷湖地区.岩体高硅(74.98%~76.92%), 富钾(4.44%~5.93%), 贫镁(0.04%~0.07%)和钙(0.43%~0.69%).里特曼指数介于2.43~2.79属于高钾钙碱性岩石系列, 铝饱和指数平均为1.01, 属弱过铝质花岗岩.岩体富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Ba、Pb), 亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta), 具岛弧花岗岩地球化学特征.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明: 岩体形成于252±3 Ma; 锆石Hf同位素初始比值¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf分布于0.282 958~0.283 032之间, 并具有极高的正ε_Hf(t)值(8.75~14.50), 其平均两阶段模式年龄T_DM2(Hf)为385 Ma, 反映岩体源区可能为玄武质下地壳.另外, ε_Hf(t)基本位于亏损地幔演化线附近, 指示该玄武质下地壳来源于亏损地幔.结合区域地质背景和岩石地球化学特征, 认为盐场北山二长花岗岩与泥盆纪镁铁-超镁铁岩有关, 由于宗务隆裂谷小洋盆的向南俯冲, 引发其上覆玄武质新生地壳发生熔融形成, 进而揭示晚二叠世末柴北缘处于火山弧或活动陆缘的构造环境.
- 二长花岗岩 /
- 年代学 /
- Hf同位素 /
- 地球化学 /
- 柴北缘西端
Abstract: The adamellite develops in Yanchangbeishan of Lenghu area in Qinghai, which is located in the west segment of the north margin of Qaidam. The samples have higher SiO₂ (74.98%-76.92%) and K₂O (4.44%-5.93%) contents, but lower MgO (0.04%-0.07%) and CaO (0.43%-0.69%) contents. The Rittmann indices of the rock range in 2.43-2.79, which shows that it belongs to high potassium calc-alkaline series. The alumina saturation average index is 1.01, which indicates that the adamellite belongs to peraluminous granites. Moreover, the samples are intensively depleted in HFSEs (Nb, Ta), with enriched LILEs (K, Rb, Ba, Pb), reflecting the characteristics of island-arc magma. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating shows that the formation age of the rock is 252±3 Ma. The zircon Hf isotope analysis reveals that ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios, varying in 0.282 958 to 0.283 032, have high positive ε_Hf(t) (8.75-14.50) and two-stage Hf model ages (averaged at 385 Ma). In the ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf -ε_Hf(t) discrimation diagrams, these zircons are plotted nearly on the depleted mantle evolution line. It can be concluded that the rock chiefly derived from the new basaltic lower crust which is originated from depleted mantle. Based on the regional geological background and the geochemical characteristics of the masses, we consider that Yanchangbeishan adamellite bears similar characteristics of its primary magma with mafic-ultramafic rocks of Devonian, which were supposed to be originated from partial melting of the young basaltic lower crust related to subduction of Zongwulong small oceanic basin from south. Thereby, it reveals that the north margin of Qaidam was in volcanic arc or active continental margin tectonic environment during Permian epoch.
- adamellite /
- geochronology /
- Hf isotope /
- geochemistry /
- west segment of north margin of Qaidam

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图 1 青海冷湖地区盐场北山地质简图

Fig. 1. The Geological sketch map of Yanchangbeishan in the Lenghu area of Qinghai

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图 2 二长花岗岩岩石学特征

a.二长花岗岩野外露头；b.岩体显微特征，正交偏光；Qtz.石英；Kf.钾长石；Pl.斜长石

Fig. 2. Petrologic feature of Yanchangbeishan adamellite

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图 3 二长花岗岩A/NK-A/CNK及K₂O-Na₂O

Fig. 3. A/NK-A/CNK and K₂O-Na₂O diagrams of the Yanchangbeishan adamellite

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图 4 盐场北山二长花岗岩球粒陨石标准化模式图和原始地幔标准化模式

球粒陨石数据引自Boynton et al., 1984；原始地幔数据引自McDonough and Sun, 1995

Fig. 4. Chondrite normalized REE and primitive mantle normalized patterns of the Yangchangbeishan adamellite

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图 5 盐场北山二长花岗岩测年锆石CL图像及U-Pb年龄谐和图

Fig. 5. Cathodeluminescence images and U-Pb concordia pattern of zircons in the Yanchangbeishan adamellite

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图 6 二长花岗岩K₂O+MgO、Zr-、Ce-和(Fe₂O₃+Na₂O)/CaO-10⁴×Ga/Al成因分类

底图据Whalen et al., 1987

Fig. 6. K₂O+MgO, Zr-, Ce- and (Fe₂O₃+Na₂O)/CaO-10⁴×Ga/Al discrimination diagrams of the adamellite

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图 7 锆石年龄-Hf同位素相关性

底图据李广伟等，2009

Fig. 7. U-Pb age vs. Hf isotope of zircon

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图 8 花岗岩Rb-Y+Nb和Nb-Y构造环境判别图

据Pearce et al., 1984

Fig. 8. Rb-Y+Nb and Nb-Y tectonic discrimination diagrams

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图 9 R₁-R₂图解

据Bechelor et al., 1985

Fig. 9. R₁-R₂ diagram

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表 1 盐场北山二长花岗岩主量元素丰度(%)

Table 1. Abundances of major elements of the Yanchangbeishan adamellite

元素	样品编号
元素	D1207-1-1	D1207-1-2	D1207-1-3	D1207-1-4	D1207-1-5	D1207-1-6	D1207-1-7
SiO₂	74.98	76.05	75.78	76.92	76.76	76.57	76.72
TiO₂	0.05	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.04	0.02	0.03
Al₂O₃	14.25	13.16	13.41	12.91	13.35	13.52	13.26
Fe₂O₃^T	0.56	0.26	0.21	0.32	0.37	0.21	0.20
MnO	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
MgO	0.05	0.08	0.05	0.07	0.04	0.04	0.06
CaO	0.55	0.72	0.69	0.48	0.47	0.43	0.44
Na₂O	4.94	3.84	3.45	4.16	4.52	4.63	4.13
K₂O	4.51	5.47	5.93	4.92	4.44	4.54	4.98
P₂O₅	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03
LOI	0.35	0.59	0.51	0.43	0.31	0.32	0.47
TOTAL	100.29	100.23	100.07	100.29	100.34	100.32	100.33
Na₂O+K₂O	9.45	9.31	9.38	9.08	8.96	9.17	9.11
FeOt	0.50	0.23	0.19	0.29	0.33	0.19	0.18
A/CNK	1.02	0.97	1.00	0.99	1.02	1.02	1.02
10 000×4Ga	2.08	1.61	1.55	1.86	1.90	2.00	1.89
σ	2.79	2.62	2.68	2.43	2.38	2.50	2.46
nC	0.002	0.004	0.001	0.001	0.003	0.002	0.003
R₁	2 169.14	2 414.63	2 429.16	2 485.65	2 458.07	2 387.53	2 472.23
R₂	340.85	339.14	339.35	308.07	314.14	313.19	310.16
Q	27.57	31.40	31.56	32.81	32.33	31.28	32.66
Or	26.71	32.47	35.23	29.15	26.26	26.86	29.50
Ab	41.80	32.57	29.29	35.22	38.21	39.14	34.96
An	2.56	2.48	3.32	1.99	2.16	1.96	2.01
注：A/CNK=n(Al₂O₃)/n(CaO+Na₂O+K₂O)；R₁=4Si-11(Na+K)-2(Fe+Ti)，R₂=6Ca+2Mg+Al.

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表 2 盐场北山二长花岗岩微量、稀土元素丰度(10^-6)

Table 2. Trace elements and rare earth elements abundances of the Yanchangbeishan adamellite (10^-6)

元素	样品编号
元素	D1207-1-1	D1207-1-2	D1207-1-3	D1207-1-4	D1207-1-5	D1207-1-6	D1207-1-7
Cu	11.30	1.72	2.35	0.21	0.88	0.29	1.61
Pb	19.60	17.20	17.80	17.30	16.10	18.90	18.00
Zn	50.90	9.59	9.34	18.50	20.50	11.80	14.30
Cr	8.13	3.10	1.93	1.60	3.69	2.95	3.90
Ni	4.43	1.22	1.50	0.97	2.02	1.91	2.55
Co	31.90	55.20	33.60	63.50	47.20	42.50	73.40
Li	1.20	1.30	0.90	0.90	1.10	1.00	0.90
Rb	87.00	60.00	78.00	96.00	78.00	85.00	95.00
Cs	0.71	0.30	0.34	0.77	0.65	0.69	0.85
Sr	16.10	22.80	36.40	24.30	11.80	9.00	17.10
Ba	74.20	277.00	300.00	111.00	64.30	70.50	113.00
V	0.70	1.04	1.82	0.62	0.94	0.62	0.37
Sc	4.26	3.58	3.61	2.78	0.98	4.08	0.32
Nb	1.59	0.39	0.34	0.87	1.14	0.80	0.72
Zr	32.00	21.00	15.00	18.00	19.00	16.00	18.00
Ta	0.20	0.16	0.15	0.16	0.11	0.15	0.07
Hf	1.46	0.72	0.51	0.84	0.93	0.75	0.85
Be	0.77	0.32	0.33	0.69	0.57	0.67	0.73
Ga	15.70	11.20	11.00	12.70	13.40	14.30	13.30
Ge	1.05	0.71	0.72	0.97	0.93	1.00	0.99
U	0.22	0.16	0.16	0.19	0.18	0.15	0.22
Th	0.74	3.98	2.98	0.55	0.39	0.25	0.07
La	3.40	9.30	3.60	3.70	2.10	1.60	0.20
Ce	6.00	14.70	3.60	5.10	3.40	2.80	0.70
Pr	0.75	1.77	0.54	0.68	0.48	0.36	0.09
Nd	2.30	5.80	2.60	2.00	1.40	1.10	0.30
Sm	0.44	0.81	0.36	0.42	0.28	0.21	0.08
Eu	0.18	0.21	0.62	0.24	0.13	0.11	0.06
Gd	0.31	0.59	0.30	0.33	0.22	0.17	0.07
Tb	0.05	0.06	0.04	0.06	0.04	0.03	0.01
Dy	0.27	0.25	0.18	0.32	0.22	0.15	0.08
Ho	0.06	0.04	0.03	0.07	0.05	0.04	0.02
Er	0.15	0.09	0.09	0.18	0.13	0.10	0.06
Tm	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.01
Yb	0.15	0.06	0.08	0.16	0.14	0.09	0.05
Lu	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01
Y	1.54	0.88	0.85	1.88	1.16	0.89	0.10
Rb/Ba	1.17	0.22	0.26	0.86	1.21	1.21	0.84
Rb/Sr	5.40	2.62	2.13	3.95	6.61	9.44	5.56
∑REE	15.62	34.59	12.86	15.22	9.85	7.69	1.88
LREE/HREE	5.06	16.39	7.08	4.00	3.93	4.16	3.59
δEu	1.49	0.93	5.77	1.97	1.60	1.78	2.40
La_N/Yb_N	15.15	109.88	32.36	15.51	10.02	12.06	3.30
La_N/Sm_N	4.82	7.21	6.29	5.51	4.67	4.82	1.80
注：δEu= Eu/SQRT(Sm×Gd)；La_N/Yb_N为球粒陨石标准化后之比.

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表 3 盐场北山二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年数据

Table 3. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age dates of the Yamgchangbeishan adamellite

样品	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb		²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U		²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U		Th	U	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb		²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U		²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U		谐和度	Th/U
样品	比值	误差	比值	误差	比值	误差	Th	U	年龄	误差	年龄	误差	年龄	误差	谐和度	Th/U
D1207-1-01	0.055 8	0.004 8	0.289 7	0.024 6	0.037 7	0.000 7	366.01	443.63	445	199	258	19	238	4	1.08	0.83
D1207-1-03	0.051 7	0.001 6	0.301 3	0.007 4	0.042 3	0.000 5	187.07	346.25	271	34	267	6	267	3	1.00	0.54
D1207-1-04	0.052 1	0.003 1	0.300 8	0.016 9	0.041 9	0.000 7	53.68	86.36	288	97	267	13	265	4	1.01	0.62
D1207-1-06	0.052 7	0.002 3	0.291 6	0.011 6	0.040 1	0.000 6	268.58	317.83	315	64	260	9	254	4	1.02	0.85
D1207-1-07	0.052 5	0.002 1	0.304 6	0.010 8	0.042 0	0.000 6	130.19	242.34	309	56	270	8	265	4	1.02	0.54
D1207-1-09	0.054 5	0.002 3	0.298 4	0.011 2	0.039 7	0.000 6	178.11	203.90	391	59	265	9	251	3	1.06	0.87
D1207-1-10	0.051 1	0.001 4	0.279 7	0.006 3	0.039 7	0.000 5	272.53	385.80	247	30	250	5	251	3	1.00	0.71
D1207-1-11	0.054 3	0.001 7	0.296 2	0.007 8	0.039 5	0.000 5	923.28	702.29	385	37	263	6	250	3	1.05	1.31
D1207-1-12	0.052 5	0.001 6	0.290 2	0.007 5	0.040 1	0.000 5	146.20	355.91	305	36	259	6	254	3	1.02	0.41
D1207-1-14	0.053 1	0.001 6	0.301 8	0.007 7	0.041 2	0.000 5	167.88	304.15	333	35	268	6	260	3	1.03	0.55
D1207-1-15	0.052 5	0.001 8	0.303 6	0.008 7	0.041 9	0.000 5	167.17	212.61	307	42	269	7	265	3	1.02	0.79
D1207-1-17	0.051 3	0.003 2	0.275 6	0.016 7	0.039 0	0.000 6	130.94	209.69	254	144	247	13	246	4	1.00	0.62
D1207-1-19	0.054 6	0.002 6	0.283 7	0.013 1	0.037 7	0.000 5	214.84	268.99	395	110	254	10	239	3	1.06	0.80
D1207-1-20	0.051 6	0.003 3	0.273 6	0.016 5	0.038 4	0.000 7	505.23	641.20	269	105	246	13	243	4	1.01	0.79
D1207-1-23	0.052 3	0.002 7	0.263 6	0.013 2	0.036 6	0.000 5	360.14	890.77	297	121	238	11	232	3	1.03	0.40
D1207-1-24	0.054 4	0.002 1	0.306 9	0.010 4	0.040 9	0.000 6	322.12	340.32	389	51	272	8	258	3	1.05	0.95
D1207-1-25	0.055 3	0.002 5	0.313 2	0.013 0	0.041 1	0.000 6	391.45	571.58	425	66	277	10	259	4	1.07	0.68
D1207-1-26	0.057 3	0.002 4	0.305 2	0.012 1	0.038 6	0.000 5	230.89	616.65	503	94	270	9	244	3	1.11	0.37
D1207-1-28	0.054 2	0.004 0	0.299 2	0.021 7	0.040 1	0.000 6	544.44	493.71	377	171	266	17	253	4	1.05	1.10
D1207-1-29	0.055 5	0.001 7	0.312 5	0.007 7	0.040 9	0.000 5	307.63	314.68	431	33	276	6	258	3	1.07	0.98
D1207-1-30	0.052 5	0.001 5	0.288 9	0.006 4	0.039 9	0.000 5	160.13	359.02	309	29	258	5	252	3	1.02	0.45
D1207-1-32	0.051 7	0.001 7	0.290 5	0.008 1	0.040 7	0.000 5	209.82	315.18	273	41	259	6	257	3	1.01	0.67
D1207-1-33	0.056 3	0.002 6	0.298 4	0.013 2	0.038 5	0.000 5	243.52	374.28	464	105	265	10	243	3	1.09	0.65
D1207-1-36	0.052 7	0.002 9	0.277 6	0.014 5	0.038 2	0.000 5	130.86	277.13	317	127	249	12	242	3	1.03	0.47

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表 4 盐场北山二长花岗岩锆石Hf同位素组成

Table 4. Hf isotope composition of zircon for the Yamgchangbeishan adamellite

测点号	t(Ma)	¹⁷⁶Yb/¹⁷⁷Hf	2σ	¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf	2σ	¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf	(¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf)_i	2σ	ε_Hf(0)	ε_Hf(t)	2σ	T_DM1(Ma)	T_DM2(Ma)	f_Lu/Hf
D1207TW-6	254	0.026 145	0.000 155 2	0.000 991	0.000 006 1	0.283 015	0.283 010	0.000 009	8.43	13.85	0.32	342	395	-0.97
D1207TW-9	251	0.030 320	0.000 021 4	0.001 219	0.000 000 5	0.283 037	0.283 032	0.000 007	9.18	14.50	0.24	314	351	-0.96
D1207TW-10	251	0.046 005	0.000 165 4	0.001 645	0.000 005 2	0.282 989	0.282 981	0.000 007	7.39	12.65	0.23	391	470	-0.95
D1207TW-11	250	0.015 713	0.000 023 9	0.000 607	0.000 000 9	0.282 958	0.282 956	0.000 007	6.49	11.93	0.26	416	516	-0.98
D1207TW-12	254	0.030 378	0.000 127 2	0.001 137	0.000 004 1	0.283 029	0.283 023	0.000 005	8.89	14.28	0.19	325	367	-0.97
D1207TW-17	246	0.029 100	0.000 252 8	0.001 116	0.000 010 6	0.283 019	0.283 014	0.000 005	8.56	13.78	0.19	338	392	-0.97
D1207TW-19	239	0.017 906	0.000 036 9	0.000 692	0.000 001 4	0.283 003	0.283 000	0.000 008	8.07	13.21	0.28	354	424	-0.98
D1207TW-28	253	0.022 953	0.000 199 3	0.000 817	0.000 005 6	0.283 020	0.283 016	0.000 006	8.63	14.08	0.20	333	380	-0.98
D1207TW-30	252	0.020 379	0.000 163 4	0.000 781	0.000 005 7	0.282 974	0.282 970	0.000 006	7.02	12.42	0.21	397	484	-0.98
D1207TW-33	243	0.047 697	0.000 292 3	0.001 792	0.000 011 8	0.282 885	0.282 877	0.000 007	3.70	8.75	0.24	544	712	-0.95
注：ε_Hf(t)=10 000{[(¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf)_s-(¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf)_s×(e^λt-1)]/[(¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf)_{CHUR, 0}-(¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf)_CHUR×(e^λt-1)]-1}；T_DM1=1/λ×ln{1+[(¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf)_s-(¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf)_DM]/[(¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf)_s-(¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf)_DM]}；T_DM2=T_DM1-(T_DM1-t)[f_cc-f_s)/(f_cc-f_DM)]；f_Lu/Hf=(¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf)_s/(¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf)_CHUR-1；其中(¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf)_s和(¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf)_s为样品测定值，(¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf)_CHUR=0.033 2，(¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf)_CHUR，0=0.282 772；(¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf)_DM=0.038 4，(¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf)_DM=0.283 25.f_cc、f_s和f_DM分别为大陆地壳、样品和亏损地幔的f_Lu/Hf；t为每个锆石样品测试所得的U-Pb年龄，λ=1.867×10^-11/a.

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