Application of Boundary Identifying Technologies Using Gravity and Magnetic Maps in Three-Dimensional Geological Mapping of Western Junggar Area
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摘要: 以3种前人所提出的重磁边界识别方法与笔者提出的归一化偏差法作为技术手段(其中归一化偏差法对于数据噪声有着较好的抵抗力)能够较为准确全面地识别边界位置.在分析对比方法原理及应用特性的基础上，通过理论模型试验证明了方法的可靠性和实用性；并针对断裂和地质体边界深部倾向问题，开展了多方法联合及多尺度识别手段试验，获取了更多地质构造及边界的信息.通过将该技术应用于克拉玛依后山地区实际资料的处理解释之中，获得了研究区域内剖面与平面上的断裂和岩体的位置分布及它们的深部倾向信息，并对主要断裂与岩体三维空间特征进行了描述，为该地区三维地质填图和三维地质模型构建提供了重要依据.Abstract: In this paper, four edge-detection methods including normalized deviation (ND) method, a new one proposed by us, are studied for their applications in 3-D mapping. The ND method is featured with low sensitivity to the noise, high accuracy and detailed results. On the basis of the theoretical framework of these methods, we tested their accuracy with synthetic models and gained more information of the geological boundaries by the combination of different methods and edge detecting on multi-scale, which shows good performance. Then we used them in field data of the Karamay back mountain area to get the distribution of faults and rock masses, strikes and depths. The spatial features of some major faults and rock masses are described, which delivers useful information for the 3-D geological mapping of the study area.
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Key words:
- gravity and magnetic anomalies /
- edge detection /
- western Junggar area /
- 3-D geological mapping /
- fault /
- rock mass /
- geophysics
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图 1 剖面模型试验示意与边界识别结果
a.模型重力异常与各方向导数；b.TAHG与ND方法结果；c.NFG方法结果与模型示意，黑色线框为模型示意
Fig. 1. The model diagram and results of edge detecting of the profile fault model
图 2 模型空间示意与边界识别结果
红色框线为模型平面投影位置，黑色、橙色及蓝色实线代表延拓0 m、50 m与100 m后的识别结果.a.模型空间分布示意；b.模型正演重力异常(含1.5%高斯噪声)；c.TAHG(blakely算法(Blakely and Simpson, 1986)提取极大值)；d.小波模极大值；e.ND(blakely算法提取极小值)
Fig. 2. The space distribution diagram and results of edge detection of the combined model
图 4 剖面布格重力异常及边界识别方法结果
黑色实线框表示3种方法均显示为边界的位置；黑色虚线框为2种方法显示为边界的位置；红色实曲线为地面调查中已发现断裂或岩体边界.a.局部重力异常；b.ND；c.NFG；d.TAHG
Fig. 4. The residual gravity anomaly and edge detection results of the profile data
图 5 研究区平面数据及其边界识别结果
a.研究区局部重力异常；b.研究区航磁化极后异常；c.局部重力异常边界识别结果；d.航磁化极异常边界识别结果；e.局部重力异常多尺度ND方法边界识别结果；f.航磁化极异常多尺度ND方法边界识别结果.图c、d中蓝色为TAHG结果，橘色为ND结果，绿色为小波模极大值结果；图e、f中橘色为地面识别结果，紫色为延拓1 000 m后识别结果，绿色为延拓2 000 m后识别结果
Fig. 5. Gravity and magnetic data of the study area and their edge-detection results
图 6 推测解释的断裂构造分布于主要岩体边界
a.推断断裂构造分布；b.推断解释的主要岩体边界.图中实线为证实存在的断裂与岩体；虚线为推断断裂与岩体
Fig. 6. The fault and rock masses distribution in the study area
表 1 组合模型参数
Table 1. Parameters of the combined model
模型编号 长度(m) 宽度(m) 厚度(m) 顶面埋深(m) 剩余密度(g/cm3) 模型1 500 500 300 80 0.8 模型2 1 400 500 320 60 1.0 模型3 1 000 600 280 100 1.2 
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