准噶尔西北部山地晚新生代以来隆升过程: 来自沉积学和磁组构的证据

艾可可; 季军良

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2015.042

准噶尔西北部山地晚新生代以来隆升过程: 来自沉积学和磁组构的证据

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2015.042

艾可可^{1, 2,},
季军良^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学地球科学学院, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

中国地质调查局项目"西准噶尔克拉玛依后山地区三维地质调查试点" 1212011220245

新疆1∶25万铁厂沟镇幅(L45C002001)与克拉玛依市幅(L45C003001)区调修测项目 1212011120502

中央高校基本科研业务费专项 CUGL09306

详细信息

作者简介:
艾可可(1990-), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要从事古地磁和沉积学研究.E-mail: 1045220081@qq.com

通讯作者:
季军良, E-mail: jijl@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P542
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-09-29
- 刊出日期: 2015-03-15

Tectonic Uplift of Mountains in Northwestern Junggar since Late Cenozoic: Evidences from Sedimentology and Magnetic Fabric in Heshituoluogai Basin

Ai Keke^{1, 2
,},
Ji Junliang^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 通过对准噶尔西北缘和什托洛盖盆地新近系白杨河剖面详细的沉积学和磁组构的研究, 探讨了准噶尔西北部山地约7 Ma以来的构造变化.白杨河剖面由下至上可划分为塔西河组、独山子组和西域组, 分别对应于浅湖相、扇三角洲相和砾质辫状河相.古流向和砾石成分分析表明, 剖面物源来自和什托洛盖盆地北侧山地.根据沉积学和磁化率与磁组构参数(P_j、T、L和F)的变化, 准噶尔西北部地区约7 Ma以来的构造-环境演变可划分为3个阶段: 阶段Ⅰ(6.80~3.50 Ma): 浅湖相, 磁化率和磁组构参数值为剖面最低, 且变化幅度很小, 代表了构造环境比较稳定, 地势高差较小或物源区较远; 阶段Ⅱ(3.50~2.58 Ma): 扇三角洲相, 沉积速率、磁化率和磁组构参数值显著增大, 表明准噶尔西北部山地强烈隆升; 阶段Ⅲ(＜2.58 Ma): 砾质辫状河相, 磁化率和磁组构参数值进一步增大, 可能是构造隆升与气候变化共同作用的结果.3.50 Ma准噶尔西北部山地强烈的构造隆升与天山地区和青藏高原周缘约3.00~4.00 Ma的构造隆升具有准同时性, 是印度-欧亚板块陆内俯冲挤压远程效应表现.
- 沉积相 /
- 磁组构 /
- 西准噶尔 /
- 构造隆升 /
- 晚新生代
Abstract: Through the results of detailed sedimentological and magnetic fabric study, on the Heshituoluogai basin, northwestern Junggar, we discussed the tectonic evolution since 7 Ma ago in the northwestern Junggar. The Baiyanghe section can be divided into Taxihe Formation, Dushanzi Formation and Xiyu Formation from bottom to up, corresponding to the lacustrine facies, fan delta facies and gravelly braided river facies. Paleocurrent and provenance analysis shows that the provenance of the section comes from the northern mountains nearby the basin. On the basis of the sedimentterological and magnetic fabric results, we divided the tectonic-sedimentary evolution of northwestern Junggar into three stages since 7 Ma ago: Ⅰ(6.80-3.50 Ma), lacustrine facies, lowest magnetic susceptibility and magnetic fabric parameters with small changes, indicating a stable tectonic environment, small topographic elevation difference or far provenance area; Ⅱ(3.50-2.58 Ma), fan delta facies, significant increase of the sedimentation rate, magnetic fabric parameters and magnetic susceptibility all suggest that the northwestern Junggar mountains underwent intense tectonic uplift; Ⅲ(< 2.58 Ma), gravelly braided river facies, magnetic fabric parameters and magnetic susceptibility increases further, which coused by tectonic uplift and climate change together. The tectonic uplift of the northwestern Junggar mountains occured at 3.50 Ma is almost synchronous with the uplift of the Tianshan Mountains and the Tibetan plateau occurred at 3.00-4.00 Ma, which is influenced by the far-filed effects of the India-Asia intracontinental subduction extrusion.
- sedimentary facies /
- magnetic fabric /
- western Junggar /
- tectonic uplift /
- Late Cenozoic

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图 1 研究区地质简图及剖面位置

Fig. 1. Sketch geological map showing the western Junggar and the location of Baiyanghe section

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图 2 白杨河地层剖面

a.塔西河组与头屯河组平行不整合接触；b.独山子组下部砾岩夹粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩；c.独山子组中上部砾岩与粉砂岩、泥岩互层；d.西域组与第四纪砂砾石角度不整合界线

Fig. 2. Stratigraphy of the strata at Bayyanghe section

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图 3 白杨河实测剖面岩性岩相柱状图

岩相代号见表 1

Fig. 3. Lithologic and lithofacies columnar section of the measured Baiyanghe section

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图 4 白杨河剖面代表性样品系统热退磁曲线

Fig. 4. Temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility of representative specimens in the Baiyanghe section

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图 5 白杨河剖面地层磁化率各向异性参数变化趋势

Fig. 5. Changes of magnetic fabric parameters in Baiyanghe section

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图 6 白杨河地层T-P_j关系

Fig. 6. Correlation of T-P_j magnetic fabric parameters from Baiyanghe section

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图 7 白杨河剖面地层L-F关系

Fig. 7. Correlation of L-F magnetic fabric parameters from Baiyanghe section

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表 1 白杨河剖面地层沉积岩相(微相)划分

Table 1. Lithofacies classification of the strata at Baiyanghe section

相符号	岩相	沉积构造	解释
Gm	砾石，分选差，次圆状、块状或大致呈层状，杂基充填	块状层理，叠瓦状构造	重力流沉积
Gl	分选差，薄层或透镜状，杂基-颗粒支撑，粗砂至细砾	粒序层理或无内部组构	河道充填
Gc	砾石，泥质填隙	块状构造	碎屑流沉积
Sh	细-粗砂，中-差分选，含砾	平行层理	高流态沉积
Sm	细-粗砂，中-差分选，含砾	块状层理	高流态沉积
St	细-粗砂，中-好分选	块状，小型板状、槽状交错层理	高含砂水流快速沉积
Fsc	粉砂，泥	块状	中-低流态沉积
Fm	粉砂，块状泥	块状，水平层理	河漫滩或湖泊沉积
注：据Miall(1984, 1996)修改.

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表 2 白杨河剖面磁组构参数

Table 2. Magnetic fabric parameters of sedimentary rocks from Baiyanghe section

地层	磁组构参数(括号内为平均值)
地层	K_m(10^-5)	L	F	P_j	T
塔西河组	15.8~48.6(36.7)	1.001~1.014(1.004)	1.001~1.019(1.006)	1.003~1.027(1.010)	-0.701~0.704(0.173)
独山子组	35.6~176.2(73.0)	1.001~1.027(1.008)	1.002~1.064(1.020)	1.005~1.081(1.029)	-0.332~0.875(0.341)
西域组	53.1~107.8(79.2)	1.003~1.008(1.005)	1.002~1.030(1.017)	1.005~1.037(1.023)	-0.322~0.808(0.318)

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