Mineral Compositions and Their Environmental Implications in Reef of Shidao Island, Xisha
-
摘要: 通过对西科1井岩心碳酸盐岩样品进行矿物组成分析, 来研究礁体的发育过程和古海洋环境的变化.初步研究结果表明: 西科1井岩心碳酸盐岩的矿物由低镁方解石、高镁方解石、文石和白云石组成.矿物组成特征表明, 井深35.4 m处为一重要的地层界面或环境变化界面.在岩心(井深0~748 m)中共识别出5个白云岩层, 其中上新统莺歌海组一层(井深: 289.3~312.3 m, 厚约23 m), 上中新统黄流组三层(分别位于井深: 373.3~412.7 m, 厚约39.4 m; 424.7~450.6 m, 厚约26.1 m; 469.70~564.96 m, 厚约95.2 m), 中中新统梅山组一层(井深: 615.20~636.96 m, 厚约21.7 m).各层的白云岩化程度不尽相同, 5层白云岩中白云石矿物含量的最大值在79.3%~100%之间.生物礁的发育主要受控于古海洋环境的变化, 与古气候变化有关的海平面升降间接地控制了岛礁碳酸盐岩的白云岩化作用.石岛西科1井中的5层白云岩应该是在较长时间稳定环境条件下发育而成, 主要应该是蒸发泻湖渗透回流作用下早期形成的方解石类碳酸岩白云岩化的结果, 但并不排除混合水白云岩化作用的可能性.Abstract: The reef carbonate rocks of well Xike-1 are analyzed for mineral compositions to explore the development process of reef and paleo-ocean environmental changes. It is found that carbonate minerals in the core of well Xike-1 are mainly composed of calcite (low-Mg and high-Mg), aragonite and dolomite. Mineral characteristics suggest that there is an important stratigraghic or environmental change interface at the core depth of 35.4 m. Five dolomite layers have been identified in the core(0-748 m)including one layer (289.3-312.3 m core depth) in the Yinggehai Formation of Pliocene, three layers (373.3-412.7 m, 424.7-450.6 m and 469.70-564.96 m respectively) in Huangliu Formation of Upper Miocene, and one layer (615.20-636.96 m) in the Meishan Formation of Middle Miocene. The biggest value of dolomite contents varies from 79.3% to 100%, indicating dolomitization difference in different dolomite layers. The development of the reef is mainly controlled by paleo-ocean environment changes and dolomitization of island reef is associated with sea-level changes controlled by paleoclimate events, such as the formation of ice sheet in Arctic in Pliocene, Messinian event in Late Miocene and expansion of ice sheet in Antarctic in Middle Miocene. The five dolomite layers should have been developed during a long-term stable environment mainly by the lagoon seepage-refluction model and possibly by mixed-water model.
-
Key words:
- Xisha island reef /
- well Xike-1 /
- mineral composition /
- dolomite layer /
- reef /
- marine geology
-
图 1 钻井岩心中方解石(低镁方解石、高镁方解石)、文石、白云石矿物特征图谱
Fig. 1. Minerals characteristic spectrum of calcite(high-Mg and low-Mg), aragonite and dolomite in the core of well Xike-1
图 2 西沙石岛低镁、高镁方解石(104)分裂峰X射线图
X-31，X-20，X-08，X-16，X-26，X-71为两种方解石分裂峰情况；X-09，X-13，X-32，X-28为只有低镁方解石的单峰(曲高生，1988)；ZK12100，ZK23100为本文样品低镁、高镁方解石(104)特征分裂峰情况
Fig. 2. X-ray splitting peaks of low-Mg and high-Mg calcites in Shidao Island, Xisha
图 3 主要矿物成分含量在岩心中的分布
Fig. 3. Main mineral content distributions in the core of well Xike-1
-
Budd, D.A., 1988. Aragonite-to-Calcite Transformation during Fresh-Water Diagenesis of Carbonates: Insights from Pore-Water Chemistry. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 100(8): 1260-1270. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1260:ATCTDF>2.3.CO;2 Cai, F., Xu, H., Hao, X.F., et al., 1996. Comparative Sedimentology of Late Tertiary Organic Reefs in Xisha-Northern South China Sea. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 14(4): 61-69(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB604.007.htm Fan, J.S., 2005. Characteristics of Carbonate Reservoirs for Oil and Gas Fields in the World and Essential Controlling Factors for Their Formation. Earth Science Frontiers, 12(3): 23-30(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY200503003.htm Halley, R.B., Harris, P.M., 1979. Fresh-Water Cementation of a 1 000-Year-Old Oolite. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 49(3): 969-987. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/246244759_Freshwater_cementation_of_a_1000_year_old_oolite Han, C.R., Meng, X.Y., 1990. Foraminiferal Fauna Distribution in Reef-Facies Beds since Late Miocene in Xisha Islands and Its Significance. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 10(2): 65-81(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ199002007.htm He, Q.X., Zhang, M.S., 1986. Reef Geology of the Xisha Islands, China. Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese). He, Q.X., Zhang, M.S., 1990. Origin of Neogene Dolomites in Xisha Islands and Their Significance. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 10(2): 45-55(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ199002004.htm Liu, J., Han, C.R., Wu, J.Z., et al., 1998. Geochemical Evidence for the Meteoric Diagenesis in Pleistocene Reef Limestones of Xisha Islands. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 16(4): 71-77(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB804.011.htm Liu, X.Y., Zhu, Y.H., Liao, W.H., et al., 2015. Coral Assemblages and Their Ecological Environment of Well Xike-1, Xisha Islands. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 40(4): 688-696(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2015.056 Lu, F.X., Sang, L.K., 2002. Petrology. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 232-235 (in Chinese). Qu, G.S., 1988. Quantitative Mineralogigal Analysis of Carbonate Sediments by X-Ray Diffraction. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 8(2): 53-66(in Chinese with English abstract). Riding, R., 1982. Cyanophyte Calcification and Changes in Ocean Chemistry. Nature, 299: 814-815. doi: 10.1038/299814a0 Riding, R., 2002. Structure and Composition of Organic Reefs and Carbonate Mud Mounds: Concepts and Categories. Earth-Science Reviews, 58(1): 163-231. doi: 10.1016/S0012-8252(01)00089-7 Wang, C.Y., He, X.X., Qiu, S.Y., 1979. Carbonate Formation and Microbody Paleontological Preliminary Study in Well Xiyong-1 of Xisha Islands. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, (1): 23-32(in Chinese). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/292755126_Preliminary_study_about_carbonate_strata_and_micropaleontology_of_well_Xiyong-1_in_Xisha_Islands Wang, P.X., Zhao, H.Q., Jian, Z.M., et al., 2003. Deep Sea Records for 3 000 Ma in South China Sea. Chinese Science Bulletin, 48(21): 2206-2215(in Chinese). doi: 10.1360/csb2003-48-21-2206 Wang, Y.J., Gou, Y.X., Zhang, B.G., et al., 1996. Studies of Miocene Strata, Biota and Palaeoenvironment from Xi-Chen No. 1 Hole in Xisha Islands. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 13(3): 215-223(in Chinese with English abstract). http://europepmc.org/abstract/cba/294013 Wang, Z.F., Shi, Z.Q., Zhang, D.J., et al., 2015. Microscopic Features and Genetic Analysis for Miocene to Pliocene Dolomite in Well Xike-1, Xisha Islands. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 40(4): 633-644 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2015.050 Wei, P.S., Liu, Q.X., Zhang, J.L., et al., 2006. Re-discussion of Relationship between Reef and Giant Oil-Gas Fields. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 27(2): 38-42(in Chinese with English abstract). Wei, X., 2006. Forming Condition of Late-Cenozoic Reef Facies Carbonate Rocks in Xisha Sea Area and Their Oil and Gas Exploration Potential(Dissertation). China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 94-102(in Chinese with English abstract). Wei, X., Jia, C.Z., Meng, W.G., 2008. Dolomitization Characteristics of Carbonate Rock in Xisha Islands and Its Formation: A Case Study of Well Xichen-1. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 38(2): 217-224(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-CCDZ200802007.htm Yang, C.P., Yao, Y.J., Li, X.J., et al., 2014. Sequence Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Cycle of Miocene Carbonate Buildups in Zengmu Basin, the Southern South China Sea. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 39(1): 91-98(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.009 Zhang, X.F., Liu, B., Cai, Z.X., et al., 2010. Dolomitization and Carbonate Reservoir Formation. Geological Science and Technology Information, 29(3): 79-85(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ201003013.htm Zhao, Q., 2010. The Sedimentary Research about Reef Carbonate in Xisha Islands Waters(Dissertation). Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 126-144(in Chinese with English abstract). Zhu, W.L., Wang, Z.F., Mi, L.J., et al., 2015. Sequence Stratigraphic Framework and Reef Growth Unit of Well Xike-1 from Xisha Islands, South China Sea. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 40(4): 677-687(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2015.055 蔡峰, 许红, 郝先锋, 等, 1996. 西沙—南海北部晚第三纪生物礁的比较沉积学研究. 沉积学报, 14(4): 61-69. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB604.007.htm 范嘉松, 2005. 世界碳酸盐岩油气田的储层特征及其成藏的主要控制因素. 地学前缘, 12(3): 23-30. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2005.03.004 韩春瑞, 孟祥营, 1990. 西沙晚中新世以来礁相地层中有孔虫动物群的分布及其意义. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 10(2): 65-81. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ199002007.htm 何起祥, 张明书, 1986. 中国西沙礁相地质. 北京: 科学出版社. 何起祥, 张明书, 1990. 西沙群岛新第三纪白云岩的成因与意义. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 10(2): 45-55. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ199002004.htm 刘健, 韩春瑞, 吴建政, 等, 1998. 西沙更新世礁炭岩大气淡水成岩的地球化学证据. 沉积学报, 16(4): 71-77. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB804.011.htm 刘新宇, 祝幼华, 廖卫华, 等, 2015. 西沙群岛西科1井珊瑚组合面貌及其生态环境. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 40(4): 688-696. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX201504010.htm 路凤香, 桑隆康, 2002. 岩石学. 北京: 地质出版社, 232-235. 曲高生, 1988. 西沙群岛石岛碳酸盐X射线定量分析方法研究. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 8(2): 53-66. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ198802007.htm 王崇友, 何希贤, 裘松余, 1979. 西沙群岛西永一井碳酸盐岩地层与微体古生物的初步研究. 石油实验地质, (1): 23-32. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYSD197900003.htm 汪品先, 赵泉鸿, 翦知湣, 等, 2003. 南海三千万年的深海记录. 科学通报, 48(21): 2206-2215. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.2003.21.003 王玉净, 勾韵娴, 章炳高, 等, 1996. 西沙群岛西琛一井中新世地层、古生物群和古环境研究. 微体古生物学报, 13(3): 215-223. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WSGT603.000.htm 王振峰, 时志强, 张道军, 等, 2015. 西沙群岛西科1井中新统-上新统白云岩微观特征及成因. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 40(4): 633-644. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX201504004.htm 卫平生, 刘全新, 张景廉, 等, 2006. 再论生物礁与大油气田的关系. 石油学报, 27(2): 38-42. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB200602007.htm 魏喜, 2006. 西沙海域晚新生代礁相碳酸盐岩形成条件及油气勘探前景(博士学位论文). 北京: 中国地质大学, 94-102. 魏喜, 贾承造, 孟卫工, 2008. 西沙群岛西琛1井碳酸盐岩白云石化特征及成因机制. 吉林大学学报: 地球科学版, 38(2): 217-224. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CCDZ200802007.htm 杨楚鹏, 姚永坚, 李学杰, 等, 2014. 南海南部曾母盆地中新世碳酸盐岩的层序地层. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 39 (1): 91-98. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX201401010.htm 张学丰, 刘波, 蔡忠贤, 等, 2010. 白云岩化作用与碳酸盐岩储层物性. 地质科技情报, 29(3): 79-85. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7849.2010.03.012 赵强, 2010. 西沙群岛海域生物礁碳酸盐岩沉积学研究(博士学位论文). 青岛: 中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所), 126-144. 朱伟林, 王振峰, 米立军, 等, 2015. 南海西沙西科1井层序地层格架与礁生长单元特征. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 40(4): 677-687. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX201504009.htm -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(5)
计量
- 文章访问数: 3433
- HTML全文浏览量: 669
- PDF下载量: 679
- 被引次数: 0
