Sequence Stratigraphic Framework and Reef Growth Unit of Well Xike-1 from Xisha Islands, South China Sea
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摘要: 碳酸盐岩礁滩体系是南海海域重要的油气储层之一.南海西沙岛屿全取心的科学钻井——西科1井, 为南海碳酸盐岩礁滩体系的详细研究提供极好的条件.通过西科1井岩心的宏观描述及微观分析, 结合高分辨岩心扫描及大量分析测试结果, 对碳酸盐岩礁滩体系展开了精细研究.根据识别出的6个暴露面、2个淹没面, 将西科1井中中新世以来划分为9个三级层序.其中晚中新世黄流组和第四系乐东组为主要成礁期, 以海泛面和暴露面为标志, 将礁体归纳为淹没型生长单元和暴露型生长单元两大类, 暴露型又进一步细分为硬基底和软基底两类, 淹没型可细分为快速淹没和缓慢淹没两类.垂向上形成了极具特色的礁体组合, 即慢步礁(或淹没礁)、同步礁(加积礁)、快步礁(暴露礁).研究成果对于南海生物礁生长过程及碳酸盐岩礁滩储层勘探具有重要参考价值.Abstract: Carbonatite reef-bank system is one of the most important reservoirs in South China Sea. Well Xike-1, as a full-coring scientific drilling on the Paracel Islands, provides excellent conditions for the detailed study of the carbonatite reef-bank system. A deep study on carbonatite reef-bank system is made in the paper, using the macro-description and micro-analysis of cores obtained from well Xike-1, as well as high-resolution core scanning and many other tests results. The research indicates that 6 exposed surfaces, 2 flooding surfaces are recognized since Middle Miocene, and the well Xike-1 can be divided into 9 third-order sequences. The Late Miocene Huangliu Formation and Quaternary Ledong Formation are taken as the main reef-forming intervals, according to the characteristics of flooding surface and exposed surface, reef can be generalized into 2 types: submerged growth unit and exposed growth unit, the former can be subdivided into hard-based and soft-based, the latter can be subdivided into rapid-submerge and slow-submerge. Distinctive reef complexes are assembled vertically: drowned reef, aggradational reef, exposed reef. Results can be of huge value for the exploration of carbonatite reef-bank reservoirs, as well as the study of growing process of the reef in South China Sea.
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Key words:
- well Xike-1 /
- organic reef /
- sequence division /
- growth unit /
- marine geology
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图 1 南海主要盆地和西科1井位置(底图据中国地图，中国地图出版社，2013)
Fig. 1. The main basins in South China Sea and the position of well Xike-1
图 2 典型暴露面(埋深288 m)及其邻近岩石的宏观和显微特征
Fig. 2. Micro and macro characteristics of the typical exposure surface (288 m) and its adjacent rocks
图 3 典型海泛面(埋深214.89 m)及其邻近岩石的宏观和显微特征
Fig. 3. Micro and macro characteristics of the typical sea flooding surface (214.89 m) and its adjacent rocks
图 4 西科1井关键界面和层序划分
层序地层和海平面变化据Haq et al.(1987)和李前裕(2007)重新计算
Fig. 4. The identification and division of key surfaces and sequence units in well Xike-1
图 6 硬基底型礁滩生长单元的岩相和生物组合
Fig. 6. The lithofacies and biogenic assembly in hard base typed reef growth unit
图 7 软基底型礁滩生长单元的岩相和生物组合
Fig. 7. The lithofacies and biogenic assembly in soft base typed reef growth unit
图 9 快速淹没型礁生长单元中岩相和生物组合
Fig. 9. The litho facies and biogenic assembly in fast drowned typed reef growth unit
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