龙门山晚新生代地表剥蚀量的定量估算

王岩; 刘少峰; 付碧宏; 邢树文

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2015.080

龙门山晚新生代地表剥蚀量的定量估算

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2015.080

1.
中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所，国土资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室，北京 100037
2.
中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院，地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室，北京 100083
3.
中国科学院对地观测与数字地球科学中心，北京 100094

基金项目:

中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金 K1312

中国地质调查局项目 1212011220806

中国地质调查局项目 12120114051301

国家自然科学基金项目 41030318

中国科学院大陆碰撞与高原隆升重点实验室科学基金项目 LCPU2010002

详细信息

作者简介:
王岩(1983-)，女，博士，助理研究员，构造地貌与矿床地质专业.E-mail: wangyan11@cags.ac.cn

中图分类号: P542
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-11-23
- 刊出日期: 2015-06-15

Quantitative Estimation of Surface Denudation in Longmen Shan during Late Cenozoic

1.
Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, MLR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Beijing 100037, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
3.
Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

摘要

摘要: 龙门山是青藏高原周边山脉中地形梯度变化最大的山脉.利用数字高程模型(digital elevation models, DEM)，采用三维残余面法恢复龙门山晚新生代古残余面DEM，并与现代地形面做差值运算，得到研究区域的剥蚀量地形，进而定量估算青衣江、岷江、沱江和涪江主要水系流域晚新生代的地表剥蚀量.结果表明：龙门山晚新生代地表剥蚀总量为80 500~92 800 km³；岷江流域对龙门山地区剥蚀量贡献率约33.9%~37.1%，其次为涪江(33.6%~38.4%)、青衣江(24.1%~31.9%)，沱江流域贡献率为0.4%~0.6%；类似2008年“5·12”汶川地震的次生灾害引发的地表快速剥蚀，是青藏高原东缘龙门山造山带晚新生代地表剥蚀的主要原因.
- 龙门山 /
- 晚新生代 /
- 剥蚀量 /
- 定量分析 /
- 残余面 /
- 构造
Abstract: Longmen Shan located at the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau represents the steepest gradient of the Tibetan Plateau edges. To assess the large-scale denudation volume in Longmen Shan, Late Cenozoic, surface denudation is quantitatively calculated along several large drainage basins such as Qingyijiang, Minjiang, Tuojiang, and Fujiang rivers by using digital elevation models (DEM) data, and residual surface method with paleo-residual surface DEM minus modern surface topography in this study. It is found that the Late Cenozoic denudation volume of upper reaches in Longmen Shan drainage basin is between 80 500 and 92 800 km³. Minjiang River has the largest contribution ratio to denudation in Longmen Shan (33.9%-37.1%), followed by Fujiang (33.6%-38.4%) and Qingyijiang Rivers (24.1%-31.9%), and Tuojiang River has minimum contribution (0.4%-0.6%). A rapid erosional removal from the Longmen Shan by repeated great seismic events like the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12th, 2008, may be a main reason of the surface erosion in Late Cenozoic Longmen Shan along the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau.
- Longmen Shan /
- Late Cenozoic /
- denudation /
- quantitative analysis /
- residual surface /
- tectonics

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图 1 龙门山地区构造地质简图

Fig. 1. Geological sketch of the Longmen Shan

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 汶川大地震形成的龙门山地表剥蚀特征

a.北川县附近山体出现大规模的滑坡；b.江油市永胜镇附近的山体崩塌；c.彭州市白鹿镇附近湔江；d.江油市南坝镇附近涪江；e.鸡冠山附近文锦江；f.九龙沟附近文锦江

Fig. 2. Characteristics of the Longmen Shan surface erosion generated in the Wenchuan earthquake

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 残余面法估算龙门山山系剥蚀量流程

Fig. 3. Flow chart of estimating denudation by residual surface method in Longmen Shan

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 剥蚀量分析示意(据张会平，2006修改)

Fig. 4. Schematic of denudation analysis

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图 5 龙门山平均坡度

右下图为平均坡度直方图

Fig. 5. Average slope of Longmen Shan

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图 6 龙门山残余面分布(a)和残余面古地貌面恢复样本点分布(b)

Fig. 6. Residual surface map of Longmen Shan (a) and sample points distribution of residual surface recovery palaeo-geomorphology (b)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 古残余面插值预测(a, c, e)和古残余面剥蚀量分布(b, d, f)

a~b.反距离权插值法；c~d.协同克里格插值法；e~f.自然邻点法插值

Fig. 7. Palaeo-residual surface interpolation prediction (a, c, e) and palaeo-residual surface denudation distribution (b, d, f)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 龙门山水系流域及第四纪沉积物空间分布

F1.汶川-茂县断裂；F2.映秀-北川断裂；F3.灌县-安县断裂；F4.青川断裂；F5.虎牙断裂；F6.岷江断裂；F7.龙日坝断裂；F8.龙泉山断裂

Fig. 8. Spatial distribution of river basin and quaternary sediments in Longmen Shan

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图 9 “5·12”汶川地震烈度分布与剥蚀量叠加(a)及其诱发的地质灾害点的空间分布(b)

Fig. 9. Overlay map of intensity and denudation in May 12th Wenchuan earthquake (a) and spatial distribution map of geological disaster points caused by the Wenchuan earthquake (b)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 各种插值方法预测图误差对比

Table 1. Errors comparison by various interpolation methods prediction figure

编号	插值方法	平均误差	均方根预测误差
1	反距离权插值法(IDW)	-0.000 4	13.69
2	全局多项式插值(GPI)	-0.001 6	238.90
3	局部多项式插值(LPI)	0.128 4	21.61
4	径向基函数插值法(RBF)	-0.146 4	11.81
5	协同克里格插值(CoKring)	-0.100 8	9.92
6	自然邻点法(NNI)	无预测值	无预测值

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表 2 残余面法估算研究区剥蚀量

Table 2. Denudation estimated by residual surface method

研究区	反距离权插值法		协同克里格插值法		自然邻点插值法
研究区	剥蚀量(km³)	比例(%)	剥蚀量(km³)	比例(%)	剥蚀量(km³)	比例(%)
青衣江	29 595.43	0.319	19 925.21	0.246	19 402.11	0.241
岷江	31 502.84	0.339	29 595.43	0.366	29 876.11	0.371
沱江	525.75	0.006	301.60	0.004	293.41	0.004
涪江	31 186.54	0.336	31 118.74	0.384	30 933.09	0.384
总量	92 810.56		80 940.99		80 504.72

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表 3 四川盆地第四纪沉积物分布面积统计

Table 3. Distribution area statistics of Quaternary sediments in Sichuan basin

	雅安砾岩	丹思砾岩	名邛砾岩	大邑砾岩
分布面积(km²)	2 881.85	870.48	942.48	153.36
总面积(km²)	2 881.85	1 812.96		153.36
来源	岷江	青衣江		青衣江和岷江

下载: 导出CSV

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