西藏查藏错铜铅锌矿床成因：C-H-O-S-Pb同位素制约

姜军胜; 郑有业; 高顺宝; 徐净; 田坎; 黄亮亮; 张永超; 尹胜记

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2015.084

西藏查藏错铜铅锌矿床成因：C-H-O-S-Pb同位素制约

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2015.084

姜军胜^1,,
郑有业^{1, 2, ,},
高顺宝¹,
徐净¹,
田坎¹,
黄亮亮¹,
张永超¹,
尹胜记³

1.
中国地质大学资源学院，湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室，北京 100083
3.
金策工业综合大学资源勘探系，朝鲜平壤 999093

基金项目:

教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划 IRT14R560

青藏专项项目 12120114082301

详细信息

作者简介:
姜军胜(1991-)，男，博士研究生，主要从事矿产普查与勘探研究工作.E-mail: 850044300@qq.com

通讯作者:
郑有业，E-mail: zhyouye@163.com

中图分类号: P611
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-09-10
- 刊出日期: 2015-06-15

Genesis of Chazangcuo Cu-Pb-Zn Deposit, Tibet: Constraints from C-H-O-S-Pb Isotope Geochemistry

1.
Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
3.
Faculty of Resource Exploration, Kimchaek University of Technology, Pyongyang 999093, DPR of Korea

摘要

摘要: 查藏错铜铅锌矿床是近年来在冈底斯成矿带北亚带西部林子宗群火山岩中发现的一个铜多金属矿床.到目前为止，对其矿床成因还缺乏明确的认识.C、H、O、S、Pb同位素分析结果表明：δ¹³C_V-PDB值为-5.60‰~-2.40‰，δD_V-SMOW值为-111.00‰~-68.00‰，δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值为-8.65‰~0.27‰，显示成矿流体早期主要来自岩浆热液，后期大气降水有所混入.δ³⁴S_CDT值集中分布在0.50‰~2.50‰，具塔式分布特征，表明硫的来源为相对单一的岩浆源.Pb同位素比值较为稳定，μ值较大(>9.58)，具有上地壳铅源的特征，与冈底斯成矿带北亚带矿床矿石硫化物的铅同位素特征比较相似，但明显不同于典中组火山岩的铅同位素特征，推测成矿物质主要来自上地壳的岩浆源.结合矿床地质特征，并与国内外典型岩浆热液脉型矿床对比，认为其属岩浆热液脉型矿床.
- 成矿流体 /
- 成矿物质 /
- 岩浆热液脉型 /
- 矿床 /
- 构造
Abstract: Chazangcuo Cu-Pb-Zn deposit, hosted by the Linzizong Group volcanic rocks in the west of Gangdese metallogenic belt, is a copper polymetallic deposit discovered in recent years. So far, the genesis of the deposit is still lack of clear understanding. The results of C, H, O, S, Pb isotopic analysis show that the δ¹³C_V-PDB values range from -5.60‰ to -2.40‰, δD_V-SMOW values range from -111.00‰ to -68.00‰, and δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW values range from -8.65‰ to 0.27‰, indicating that the ore-forming fluid mainly derived from the magma hydrothermal in the early time, however, with the mineralization continuing, the proportion of atmospheric precipitation gradually turned larger. δ³⁴S_CDT values range from 0.50‰ to 2.50‰ and possess the distribution characteristics of tower, indicating that the sulfur isotope derived from the single magma source. Lead isotope ratios are relatively stable and have large μ values (more than 9.58), possessing the characteristics of the upper crust lead. The lead isotope characteristics are similar to the ore sulfides from the deposits in the north subzone of Gangdese metallogenic belt, but obviously different from the lead isotope characteristics of volcanic rocks of Dianzhong Formation. Therefore, the authors infer that the source of ore-forming materials mainly came from the magmatic source of the upper crust. Combining with the geological characteristics of Chazangcuo deposit, and contrasting the typical magmatic hydrothermal vein-type deposit at home and abroad, the authors think that it belongs to the typical magmatic hydrothermal vein-type deposit.
- ore-forming fluid /
- ore-forming material /
- magmatic hydrothermal vein-type /
- ore deposit /
- tectonics

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图 1 西藏冈底斯大地构造单元(a)和查藏错矿区地质图(b)

Fig. 1. Tectonic framework of Gangdese, Tibet (a) and geological map of Chazangcuo mining area (b)

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图 2 查藏错矿体及矿石组构照片

a.方铅矿-黄铜矿脉；b.含孔雀石的氧化层；c.石英-黄铜矿-方铅矿-闪锌矿脉；d.方解石-黄铜矿-方铅矿-闪锌矿脉；e.黄铜矿呈乳浊状结构交代闪锌矿；f.黄铁矿呈半自形晶结构.Cpy.黄铜矿；Gn.方铅矿；Sph.闪锌矿；Py.黄铁矿；Q.石英；Cal.方解石

Fig. 2. The orebody and ore fabric pictures of Chazangcuo

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图 3 查藏错矿床成矿流体δD_V-SMOW-δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW关系(Taylor, 1974)

Fig. 3. δD_V-SMOW versus δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW of the Chazangcuo deposit

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图 4 查藏错矿床矿石硫化物硫同位素组成频率直方图

Fig. 4. Frequency histogram of δ³⁴S_CDT for ore sulfides from Chazangcuo deposit

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图 5 查藏错矿床含矿方解石δ¹³C_V-PDB-δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW关系

底图据刘建明等(1998)，毛景文等(2002)修改

Fig. 5. δ¹³C_V-PDB vs. δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW isotopic compositions of ore-bearing calcites from Chazangcuo deposit

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图 6 查藏错矿床S同位素组成分布

Fig. 6. Distribution of δ³⁴S_CDT of ore sulfides from the Chazangcuo deposit

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图 7 查藏错矿床矿石硫化物铅同位素构造环境演化图解(Zartman and Doe, 1981)

Fig. 7. Diagram showing evolutionary tectonic settings of lead isotopes of ore sulfides from the Chazangcuo deposit

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表 1 查藏错矿床碳氢氧同位素组成

Table 1. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions from the Chazangcuo deposit

矿区	样号	矿物	δ¹³C_V-PDB(‰)	δD_V-SMOW(‰)	δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW(‰)(矿物)	δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW(‰)(水)	资料来源
查藏错	CZC-12	石英	-	-73.00	0.30	-8.65	本文
	CZC-13	石英	-	-109.00	0.50	-8.46
	CZC-14-1	方解石	-4.60	-111.00	2.60	-5.48
	CZC-14-2	方解石	-2.40	-91.00	8.40	0.27
	CZC-15	方解石	-5.60	-89.00	4.20	-3.89
	CZC-16	方解石	-4.80	-68.00	1.60	-6.47
	CZC-11	方解石	-2.70	-111.00	9.30	1.17
康家湾	KJW-044	石英	-	-65.00	9.61	-5.17	左昌虎等，2014
	KJW-04404	石英	-	-60.00	7.79	-7.25
	KJW-048	石英	-	-68.00	7.26	-7.19
	KJW-50-2	石英	-	-63.00	9.05	-5.32
夏塞	K10-2	石英	-	-122.40	8.90	-4.90	陈冲，2013
	K10-4	石英	-	-128.00	9.50	-3.60
	K74-1	石英	-	130.50	13.80	7.90
	4695-1-3	石英	-	-105.20	13.10	2.00
	K18-3	石英	-	-137.50	11.10	-5.80

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表 2 西藏查藏错矿床和典型岩浆热液脉型矿床硫同位素组成

Table 2. Sulfur isotopic compositions of ore sulfides from the Chazangcuo deposit and the typicalmagmatic hydrothermal vein-type deposits

矿区	样号	矿物	δ³⁴S_CDT(‰)	资料来源
查藏错	CZC-12-1	黄铜矿	0.40	本文
	CZC-12-2	方铅矿	0.90
	CZC-13-1	黄铜矿	1.60
	CZC-13-2	闪锌矿	3.00
	CZC-14-1	黄铜矿	1.80
	CZC-14-2	方铅矿	1.10
	CZC-15-1	黄铜矿	2.30
	CZC-15-2	方铅矿	1.70
	CZC-18-1	黄铜矿	2.30
	CZC-18-2	方铅矿	3.10
	CZC-19-1	黄铜矿	-1.60
	CZC-19-2	方铅矿	0.40
Arapucan	--	硫化物矿石	-5.20~-1.20	Mannijou et al., 2012
Chehelkureh	--	硫化物矿石	1.00~5.00	Orgun et al., 2005
拉诺玛	--	硫化物矿石	-1.60~2.60	陶琰等，2011
康家湾	--	硫化物矿石	-6.20~3.00	杨传益，1985
枞树板	--	硫化物矿石	-6.87~2.35	陈柏林等，1999

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表 3 西藏查藏错矿床和典中组火山岩铅同位素组成

Table 3. Lead isotopic compositions of ore sulfides from the Chazangcuo deposit and the volcanic rocks of Dianzhong Formation, Tibet

矿区	样号	矿物	²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	μ	资料来源
查藏错	CZC-12-1	黄铜矿	18.698	15.767	39.388	9.67	本文
	CZC-12-2	方铅矿	18.660	15.723	39.248	9.71
	CZC-13-1	黄铜矿	18.676	15.720	39.294	9.73
	CZC-13-2	闪锌矿	18.659	15.720	39.229	9.73
	CZC-14-1	黄铜矿	18.675	15.740	39.292	9.81
	CZC-14-2	方铅矿	18.687	15.752	39.336	9.66
	CZC-15-1	黄铜矿	18.689	15.749	39.334	9.67
	CZC-15-2	方铅矿	18.726	15.793	39.480	9.69
	CZC-18-1	黄铜矿	18.655	15.715	39.221	9.74
	CZC-18-2	方铅矿	18.663	15.721	39.231	9.72
	CZC-19-1	黄铜矿	18.669	15.731	39.258	9.56
	CZC-19-2	方铅矿	18.694	15.758	39.362	9.77
林周盆地典中组火山岩	典中组3	---	18.640 5	15.637 1	38.689 0	9.54	莫宣学，2011
	典中组2	---	18.641 8	15.573 1	38.670 3	9.46
		---	18.716 1	15.581 3	38.655 2	9.52
		---	18.754 0	15.656 6	38.784 5	9.53
		---	18.683 6	15.609 7	38.754 1	9.49
	典中组1	---	18.707 4	15.644 8	39.012 1	9.55
措勤地区典中组火山岩	PM004-11TZ	---	18.734	15.651	39.053	9.66	岳相元，2012
	PM004-7TZ	---	18.821	15.634	39.324	9.51
	P11-7B1	---	18.708	15.657	39.136	9.68
	P11-11B1	---	18.846	15.721	39.387	9.67
	PM004-13TZ	---	18.501	15.628	39.127	9.71
	P11-28B1	---	18.757	15.729	39.237	9.73

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