安徽庐江泥河铁矿床蚀变-矿化作用及元素迁移规律

江满容; 张均; 刘文浩; 熊索菲

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2015.086

安徽庐江泥河铁矿床蚀变-矿化作用及元素迁移规律

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2015.086

中国地质大学资源学院，湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

全国危机矿山找矿典型矿床研究专项 20109904

详细信息

作者简介:
江满容(1986-)，女，博士研究生，矿产普查与勘探专业.E-mail: jiangmanrong00@163.com

通讯作者:
张均，E-mail: zhangjun@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P614
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-08-11
- 刊出日期: 2015-06-15

Alteration-Mineralization and Element Migration Features of Nihe Iron Deposit in Lujiang, Anhui Province

Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 传统方法不能明确揭示泥河铁矿床多阶段热液叠加蚀变过程中元素迁移的继承性特征.运用等浓度图法(the isocon diagram)，根据该区晚阶段蚀变都是叠加在稍早阶段蚀变之上的实际情况，采用早期蚀变岩石为原岩与稍晚期蚀变岩石的不活动元素拟合最佳等浓度方程，定量揭示主量元素在热液蚀变过程的迁移规律.研究表明，泥河铁矿床阳离子的沉淀顺序大致为：Na→Ca、Mg、Fe、P→Ca、Fe→Al、Si.从早到晚，元素的带入和带出是连续互补的，蚀变矿化作用是一个连续的过程.钠长石的大量出现是Na质沉淀的标志，代表铁矿化的开始；膏辉岩化是Ca、Mg、Fe质沉淀的表现形式，为磁铁矿体的近矿和容矿蚀变；次生石英岩化、高岭石化是早期迁移出的Al、Si质沉淀的结果，是磁铁矿化远程指示性蚀变.
- 元素迁移 /
- 蚀变矿化带 /
- 铁矿床 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: The inheritance of elements migration can't be definitely revealed by traditional methods from Nihe iron ore deposit, which has a multi-stage hydrothermal superimposed alteration process. The quantitative features of the main and trace element migration in the process of hydrothermal alteration is presented in the paper by exploring its prospecting significance by adopting the early alteration rock for original rock and then fitting the best concentration equation between slightly late alteration rock with immobile elements by isocon diagram method. It is found that the cations precipitation sequence is roughly from Na to Ca, Mg, Fe, P to Ca, Fe and to Al, Si in Nihe iron deposit. As elements into and out of the system are continuous complementary for both early to late alterations, the alteration and mineralization are considered as a continuous process. The extensive albitization is a sign of Na qualitative precipitation, marking the beginning of iron ore mineralization. Anhydrite-diopside mineralization is the result of Ca, Mg and Fe qualitative precipitation which is the ore-closing and ore-hosting alteration. Secondary quartzite and kaolinization is the Al, Si qualitative precipitation migrated from early alteration, which is the long-distance indicative alteration of magnetite.
- element migration /
- alteration mineralization zone /
- iron deposits /
- geochemistry

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图 1 庐枞盆地地质矿产略图(据周涛发等，2010)

Fig. 1. Sketch map of geological and mineral resources in Lu-Zong volcanic basin

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图 2 泥河铁矿Ⅰ纵勘探线剖面及蚀变分带示意

据车英丹等，2014修改.Ⅰ.下部浅色蚀变带；Ⅱ.深色蚀变带；Ⅲ.叠加蚀变带；Ⅲ₁.黄铁矿化亚带；Ⅲ₂.硬石膏矿化亚带；Ⅳ.上部浅色蚀变带；Ⅳ₁.次生石英岩化亚带；Ⅳ₂.高岭石-云母化亚带

Fig. 2. The Ⅰ longitudinal prospecting line section and alteration zoning map of Nihe iron deposit

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图 3 泥河铁矿床典型蚀变-矿化手标本

a.新鲜辉石闪长玢岩；b.碱性长石岩化带：斜长石钠长石化蚀变岩石；c.深色蚀变带为矿化膏辉岩；d.深色蚀变带中等浸染状磁铁矿化；e.磁铁矿胶结早期形成的透辉石、磷灰石等矿物颗粒；f.膏榴岩；g.含浅色硬石膏-黄铁矿石；h.黄铁矿-硬石膏带，硬石膏与黄铁矿呈似条带状；i.次生石英岩.矿物名称缩写：Ab.钠长石；Anh.硬石膏；Ap.磷灰石；Bi.黑云母；Chl.绿泥石；Cp.黄铜矿；Di.透辉石；Ep.绿帘石；Grt.石榴子石；Hem.赤铁矿；Kln.高岭石；Mt.磁铁矿；Pl.斜长石；Po.磁黄铁矿；Py.黄铁矿；Q.石英

Fig. 3. Typical hand specimen of alteration and mineralization in Nihe iron deposit

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图 4 泥河铁矿床典型蚀变-矿化显微镜下照片

a.新鲜辉石闪长玢岩中的斜长石，正交偏光；b.碱性长石岩化带：钠长石化净边结构，正交偏光；c.膏辉岩-磁铁矿化带：磁铁矿沿透辉石颗粒裂隙及边缘分布；d.膏辉岩化带：第2世代钠长石沿透辉石颗粒裂隙交代；e.膏辉岩-磁铁矿化带：膏辉岩弱绿泥石化、碳酸盐化水解，正交偏光；f.磁铁矿胶结早期形成的透辉石、磷灰石等矿物颗粒；g.磁铁矿化带：它形磁铁矿颗粒胶结稍早形成的自形透辉石颗粒；h.硬石膏-黄铁矿化带，硬石膏化、透辉石绿泥石化假象；i.叠加蚀变带：赤铁矿、黄铁矿交代溶蚀早期磁铁矿；j.黄铁矿-硬石膏带，黄铁矿矿颗粒分布于硬石膏颗粒间隙中，单偏光；k.次生石英岩化带，石英颗粒重结晶，正交偏光；l.高岭石化带，强高岭石化，正交偏光.矿物名称缩写同图 3

Fig. 4. Typical micrograph of alteration and mineralization in Nihe iron deposit

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图 5 安徽庐江泥河铁矿床次火山岩中不同矿化蚀变带的等浓度图及其相应组分的亏损与富集柱状图

为了直观表现等浓度图，笔者将原始数值进行了0.5、10、100倍的缩放

Fig. 5. Isocon diagram of the different alteration styles identified in sub-volcanic rock in Nihe iron deposit and histograms showing gains and losses of selected elements during hydrothermal alteration as calculated from isocon diagram method

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表 1 安徽庐江泥河铁矿床蚀变-矿化分带特征

Table 1. Alteration and mineralization zoning from Nihe iron deposit in Lujiang, Anhui

蚀变分带	矿化分带	蚀变亚带	矿物共生组合	产出部位	标高范围^*
上部浅色蚀变带	硅化-泥化带	高岭石-云母化带	高岭石-云母-石英(石膏)-碳酸盐	闪长玢岩上部砖桥旋回火山岩中	-198~-578 m
上部浅色蚀变带	硅化-泥化带	次生石英岩化带	胶状赤铁矿-浅色硬石膏-石英	闪长玢岩上部砖桥旋回火山岩中	-300 m以下
叠加蚀变带	硬石膏-黄铁矿化带	硬石膏矿化带	石英-黄铁矿-浅色硬石膏	闪长玢岩上部砖桥旋回火山岩中	-700 m以下
叠加蚀变带	硬石膏-黄铁矿化带	黄铁矿化带	浅色硬石膏-(菱铁矿)-赤铁矿-黄铁矿，局部发育磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿等	闪长玢岩体与砖桥旋回火山岩外接触带	-532~-971 m
深色蚀变带	磁铁矿化带	硬石膏-辉石(石榴子石)-磁铁矿带	紫色硬石膏-透辉石(石榴子石)-磷灰石-磁铁矿	闪长玢岩体与砖桥旋回火山岩内接触带	-579 m以下
下部浅色蚀变带	碱性长石岩化带		辉石-钾长石-钠长石-磷灰石-紫色硬石膏	矿体下部闪长玢岩中	-900 m以下
注：*标高范围数值参考赵文广等(2011).

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表 2 安徽庐江泥河铁矿床各蚀变矿化带主量元素分析值(%)

Table 2. The main elements analysis value of each altered and mineralization belt from Nihe iron deposit in Lujiang, Anhui Province

蚀变带	新鲜岩石				下部浅色蚀变带				深色蚀变带		深色蚀变带				叠加蚀变带				砖桥组火山岩
岩性	辉石粗安玢岩				碱性长石化				膏辉岩化		浸染状磁铁矿体膏辉岩				硬石膏-黄铁矿化				粗安岩、含砾凝灰粉砂岩
编号	ZK0101-10	NH-129	NH-132		XT-2	XT-3	XT-1		XT-5	XT-4	XT-6	XT-7	XT-8		XT-14	XT-16	XT-17		XT-26	ZQ-4	ZK0101-5
SiO₂	55.90	58.00	55.90		46.70	45.30	40.30		45.30	46.40	38.40	30.20	23.20		24.30	31.00	52.60		60.80	56.00	55.40
Al₂O₃	16.05	17.45	16.85		12.30	13.05	13.20		9.41	5.33	10.05	7.32	0.81		9.62	7.19	16.80		12.45	16.50	17.70
Fe₂O₃	6.24	5.71	9.14		4.97	4.50	4.93		5.66	8.63	18.70	28.8	40.50		20.1	23.60	7.71		5.01	8.15	6.14
CaO	2.67	3.03	1.20		12.90	15.45	11.80		18.00	17.85	14.55	12.10	13.80		11.50	13.15	5.11		5.10	2.45	4.76
MgO	1.95	0.78	0.90		4.39	4.95	3.96		6.81	8.03	5.17	3.57	6.27		4.55	3.43	3.07		1.56	2.84	1.48
Na₂O	2.85	4.98	2.37		5.45	4.82	5.14		3.60	3.19	2.41	2.84	0.90		1.03	1.98	3.84		1.55	4.39	4.40
K₂O	5.42	2.86	6.94		1.17	0.74	1.09		0.72	0.33	1.58	0.81	0.22		2.82	0.73	5.01		3.93	4.39	5.22
Cr₂O₃	-	-	-		0.01	0.02	0.01		0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01		0.01	0.01	＜0.01		0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
TiO₂	0.78	0.81	0.79		0.67	0.82	0.86		0.83	1.09	0.49	0.32	0.30		0.15	0.28	0.82		0.62	0.80	0.77
MnO	0.13	0.08	0.06		0.14	0.13	0.23		0.20	0.19	0.24	0.22	0.31		0.50	0.21	0.12		0.10	0.33	0.23
P₂O₅	0.39	0.49	0.40		0.05	0.07	0.11		0.12	0.07	0.07	2.51	0.30		0.13	1.31	0.46		0.16	0.44	0.44
SrO	0.06	0.05	0.05		0.10	0.13	0.08		0.07	0.05	0.07	0.04	0.05		0.03	0.05	0.07		0.04	0.04	0.15
BaO	0.06	0.04	0.11		0.02	0.01	0.02		0.03	0.01	0.03	0.02	＜0.01		0.01	0.03	0.04		0.07	0.10	0.07
LOI	-	-	-		3.37	3.80	9.12		3.26	3.02	4.26	5.09	3.21		12.70	7.74	4.78		7.94	-	-
Total	92.50	94.28	94.71		92.24	93.79	90.85		94.03	94.21	96.03	93.85	89.88		87.45	90.71	100.43		99.34
钻孔	ZK0101	ZK0520	ZK0502		ZK0506	ZK0114	ZK0201		ZK0201	ZK0205	ZK0201	ZK0201	ZK0701		ZK0201	ZK0201	ZK0509		ZK0201	地表	ZK0101
数据来源	本次研究				本次研究				本次研究		本次研究				本次研究				本次研究

蚀变带	上部浅色蚀变带						上部浅色蚀变带					次生石英岩化带						高岭石-云母化带
岩性	黄铁矿-硬石膏化粗安岩						含硬石膏矿体粗安岩					含高岭石化次生石英岩						含硬石膏高岭石化粗安岩
编号	ZK2201-821	ZK2201-868	ZK1001-836	ZK1001-593			XT-30	XT-29		ZK1001-740		XT-20	XT-21	XT-23	XT-24			XT-19		ZK2201-657	ZK1001-544
SiO₂	49.04	61.25	47.03	42.01			0.68	0.21		0.08		82.70	91.70	96.80	96.30			26.70		48.99	52.00
Al₂O₃	14.05	12.81	2.88	13.73			0.53	0.23		0.05		2.49	4.24	0.33	1.13			19.50		16.53	21.50
Fe₂O₃	3.85	1.18	3.05	6.44			12.10	0.61		1.10		0.82	0.69	0.51	0.58			3.35		10.96	7.45
CaO	7.39	6.95	18.07	10.68			32.70	40.50		39.06		2.16	0.11	0.05	0.05			14.10		1.96	0.91
MgO	0.35	0.08	0.09	0.30			0.04	＜0.01		0.07		0.05	0.08	0.02	0.03			0.51		1.30	0.98
Na₂O	0.15	0.08	0.05	0.07			0.11	0.09		0.02		0.57	0.37	0.26	0.26			0.89		1.50	0.15
K₂O	5.96	0.44	0.51	2.01			0.06	0.05		0.01		0.09	1.20	0.04	0.18			5.43		5.18	9.06
Cr₂O₃	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01			0.01	0.01		0.01		＜0.01	＜0.01	0.01	＜0.01			＜0.01		＜0.01	＜0.01
TiO₂	0.60	0.35	0.07	0.59			0.02	0.02		＜0.01		0.70	1.05	0.90	1.18			0.39		0.80	1.18
MnO	0.01	＜0.01	0.01	0.01			＜0.01	＜0.01		0.02		＜0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01			0.04		0.51	0.08
P₂O₅	0.22	0.12	0.07	0.28			0.03	0.02		0.03		0.05	0.04	＜0.01	＜0.01			0.34		0.38	0.57
SrO	0.15	0.18	0.21	0.12			0.25	0.27		0.51		0.05	0.06	＜0.01	0.01			0.20		0.03	0.06
BaO	0.16	0.25	0.59	0.01			0.05	0.06		0.65		0.15	＜0.01	0.05	0.27			0.36		0.08	0.04
LOI	10.20	7.84	3.26	11.25			13.35	0.83		1.15		2.34	1.33	0.50	0.43			10.90		10.10	5.77
Total	92.12	91.53	75.88	87.49			59.93	42.90		42.75		92.17	100.88	99.48	100.43			82.71		98.32	99.74
钻孔	ZK2201	ZK2201	ZK1001	ZK1001			ZK1001	ZK1001		ZK1001		ZK1001	ZK0201	ZK0201	ZK0509			ZK0201		ZK2201	ZK1001
数据来源	马良，2011						本次研究			马良，2011		本次研究						本次研究		马良，2011
注：表中Fe₂O₃为全铁含量.

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表 3 安徽庐江泥河铁矿床各蚀变矿化带主量元素质量迁移(ΔC_x/C_x^O)计算结果

Table 3. Calculated result of elements migration in each altered and mineralization belt from Nihe iron deposit

元素	碱性长石化均值	膏辉岩化均值	磁铁矿化均值	黄铁矿化均值	黄铁矿-硬石膏化带均值	硬石膏矿体均值	次生石英岩均值	高岭石化均值
SiO₂	-0.01	0.07	-0.25	-0.07	-0.13	-0.99	0.46	-0.23
Al₂O₃	-0.03	-0.41	-0.08	0.80	-0.30	-0.97	-0.88	0.29
Fe₂O₃	-0.13	0.53	3.62	1.85	-0.44	0.40	-0.91	0.18
CaO	6.38	0.38	-0.15	-0.34	1.62	2.84	-0.87	0.44
MgO	3.64	0.73	-0.24	-0.41	-0.90	-0.78	-0.98	-0.51
Na₂O	0.92	-0.32	-0.32	-0.20	-0.97	-0.07	-0.90	-0.74
K₂O	-0.75	-0.46	0.86	5.45	-0.51	-0.98	-0.92	0.52
TiO₂	0.25	0.26	-0.57	-0.48	-0.45	-0.95	0.20	0.13
MnO	1.35	0.21	0.48	0.68	-0.95	-0.08	-0.96	-0.00
P₂O₅	-0.77	0.28	10.36	6.91	-0.50	-0.82	-0.93	0.29
SrO	1.46	-0.40	-0.00	-0.01	1.16	1.30	-0.61	0.32
BaO	-0.70	0.24	0.41	0.58	2.09	0.11	0.34	1.04
LOI	-	-0.40	0.50	2.18	0.02	-0.31	-0.87	0.17
注：表中Fe₂O₃为全铁含量.

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