东昆仑南缘布青山构造混杂带得力斯坦南MOR型玄武岩地质、地球化学特征及岩石成因

李瑞保; 裴先治; 李佐臣; 陈有炘; 刘成军; 裴磊; 徐通; 刘战庆; 魏博

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2015.096

东昆仑南缘布青山构造混杂带得力斯坦南MOR型玄武岩地质、地球化学特征及岩石成因

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2015.096

李瑞保^{1, 2,},
裴先治^{1, 2, ,},
李佐臣^{1, 2},
陈有炘²,
刘成军²,
裴磊³,
徐通²,
刘战庆⁴,
魏博²

1.
长安大学西部矿产资源与地质工程教育部重点实验室, 陕西西安 710054
2.
长安大学国土资源部岩浆作用成矿与找矿重点实验室, 陕西西安 710054
3.
中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
4.
桂林理工大学地球科学学院, 广西桂林 541004

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41172186

国家自然科学基金项目 41472191

国家自然科学基金项目 40972136

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目 CHD2011TD020

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目 2013G1271091

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目 2013G1271092

青海省国土资源厅——中国铝业公司公益性区域地质矿产调查基金项目 200801

详细信息

作者简介:
李瑞保(1982-), 男, 讲师, 博士, 主要从事区域构造研究.E-mail: Liruibao0971@163.com

通讯作者:
裴先治, E-mail: peixzh@sina.com

中图分类号: P588
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-12-05
- 刊出日期: 2015-07-15

Geological and Geochemical Features of Delisitannan Basalts and Their Petrogenesis in Buqingshan Tectonic Mélange Belt, Southern Margin of East Kunlun Orogen

Li Ruibao^{1, 2
,},
Pei Xianzhi^{1, 2
, ,},
Li Zuochen^{1, 2},
Chen Youxin²,
Liu Chengjun²,
Pei Lei³,
Xu Tong²,
Liu Zhanqing⁴,
Wei Bo²

1.
Key Laboratory of Western Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
2.
Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
3.
College of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
4.
School of Earth Sciences, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China

摘要

摘要: 东昆仑南缘布青山构造混杂带发育有较多OIB型玄武岩, 这类玄武岩成因与地幔柱密切相关.与灰岩密切伴生的具有MOR型特征的基性火山岩亦是东昆仑南缘古特提斯洋盆一类重要的海山玄武岩.为了查明布青山构造混杂带中不同类型洋岛或海山玄武岩的岩石成因, 对得力斯坦南玄武岩进行了详细的地质、地球化学和岩石成因研究.布青山地区得力斯坦南出露的玄武岩岩石类型复杂多样, 主要由枕状玄武岩、气孔-杏仁状玄武岩、角砾状玄武岩和块状玄武岩组成.主量元素地球化学特征表明, 该套玄武岩属于深海拉斑玄武岩和洋脊拉斑玄武岩系列.得力斯坦南玄武岩∑REE介于34.51×10^-6~61.60×10^-6, LREE/HREE介于0.89~1.37, (La/Yb)_N介于0.30~0.56, δEu介于0.90~1.18.球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图呈现轻稀土元素亏损的左倾型, 与NMORB型玄武岩稀土元素配分曲线基本相同.得力斯坦南玄武岩Zr、Hf、Nb和Ta含量均相当于NMORB的相应元素的丰度值.Zr/Nb值介于24.59~57.69, Nb/La值介于0.45~0.94, Hf/Ta值介于18.29~31.94.在原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图上, 曲线右侧高场强元素基本未分异(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等), 并贴近于NMORB标准线, 具有与NMORB玄武岩相似而明显不同于EMORB和OIB型玄武岩的特征.微量元素判别表明其形成于洋中脊或由于洋脊扩张向两侧后移的洋中脊构造环境, 结合其上覆盖有深水硅泥岩及浅水厚层状碳酸盐岩的地质事实, 认为其在地形地貌上属于古海山.岩石成因研究表明该套玄武岩起源于亏损地幔(DM), 并估算其为地幔二辉橄榄岩发生约10%部分熔融的产物.
- 东昆仑 /
- 玄武岩 /
- 布青山 /
- 古特提斯洋 /
- 地球化学 /
- 岩石学
Abstract: OIB-type basalts outcropped in the Buqingshan tectonic mélange belt, southern margin of East Kunlun, are closely related to mantle plume petrogeneticly. The MOR-type basalts are also another types of seamount basalts developed in the Paleotethys ocean. The Delisitannan basalts in Buqinshan area are located in the southern margin of the East Kunlun region. Field investigations show that the basalts are composed of pillow basalts, fumarolic-amygdaloidal basalts, breccia basalts and massive basalts, which are covered by lamellar fuchsia silicon mudstone. Geochemical data show that the basalts are subdivided into abyssal tholeiite and oceanic ridge tholeiite series. The contents of REE range from 34.51×10^-6-61.60×10^-6, LREE/HREE=0.89-1.37, (La/Yb)_N=0.30-0.56. The chondrite-normalized REE pattern shows left-dipped incline and weak negative Eu abnormity (δEu=0.90-1.18), which is identical to NMORB REE distribution pattern. The Delisitannan basalts are aschistic in HSFE (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf), and Zr/Nb ratios range from 24.59-57.69, Nb/La ratios range from 0.45-0.94, Hf/Ta ratio ranges from 18.29-31.94, which are all similar to those of NMORB basalts, and are obviously different from EMORB and OIB basalts. All of the trace element characteristics indicate that the basalts formed in an NMORB tectonic environment. The petrogenesis study shows that the rocks originated from depleted mantle, and are the product of 10% partial melting of mantle lherzolite roughly.
- East Kunlun /
- basalt /
- Buqingshan /
- paleotethyan ocean /
- geochemistry /
- petrology

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图 1 中央造山系构造格架(a)和东昆仑-祁连地区地质构造(b)以及布青山构造混杂带地质简图(c)

COB.中央造山系；EKOB.东昆仑造山带；WKOB.西昆仑造山带；QDB.柴达木盆地；TRMB.塔里木盆地；ALTF.阿尔金左行走滑断层.1.第四系；2.下三叠统洪水川组；3.中下二叠统马尔争组；4.上二叠统格曲组；5.上石炭统浩特洛洼组；6.上石炭统-下二叠统树维门科组；7.中元古界苦海岩群；8.晚三叠世花岗闪长岩；9.石炭纪玄武岩与辉长岩；10.寒武纪玄武岩与辉长岩；11.石炭纪蛇纹岩；12.寒武纪橄辉岩；13.流纹斑岩；14.洋岛或海山玄武岩；15.厚层块状碳酸盐岩；16.地质界线；17.角度不整合界线；18.主干断层或一般断层；19.逆冲推覆构造；20.地层产状(°)；21.实测剖面位置；22.水系

Fig. 1. The tectonic framework of central orogenic belt (a), the tectonic background of Qilian-East Kunlun area (b) and the simplified geological map of Buqingshan tectonic mélange belt (c)

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图 2 得力斯坦南玄武岩地质剖面

1.块状玄武岩；2.角砾状玄武岩；3.气孔状玄武岩；4.枕状玄武岩；5.硅泥岩；6.网状碳酸盐脉；7.粉砂岩；8.砂岩；9.断层；10.产状；11.样品编号及采样位置

Fig. 2. The geological section of basalts from the Delisitannan area

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图 3 得力斯坦南玄武岩产出状态及岩石学特征

a.玄武岩与围岩马尔争组呈断层接触关系；b.玄武岩与紫红色硅泥岩整合接触；c.枕状玄武岩，单个岩枕大小约30~50cm；d.角砾状玄武岩及网状碳酸盐脉；e.豆粒状玄武岩；f.杏仁状玄武岩，上为正交偏光，下为单偏光

Fig. 3. Photos of the Delisitannan basalts showing the field contact relationship and petrological features

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图 4 得力斯坦南古海山综合地层柱状图

Fig. 4. Comprehensive stratum column for Delisitannan sea mountain

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图 5 玄武岩(Zr/TiO₂)×10^-4-SiO₂(a)和Fe₂O₃^T/MgO-TiO₂(b)分类

Fig. 5. Plots of (Zr/TiO₂)×10^-4-SiO₂ (a) and Fe₂O₃^T /MgO-TiO₂ (b) for the basalts

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图 6 玄武岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图

球粒陨石数值据Boynton(1984)

Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE pattern for the basalts

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图 7 玄武岩原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图

原始地幔数值据Sun and McDonough(1989)

Fig. 7. Primitive mantle-normalized trace elements spidergram for the basalts

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图 8 玄武岩(Nb/Th)_N-(Th/La)_N(a)、Ti/1000-V(b)、Ti-Zr(c)和Zr-Zr/Y(d)关系

图 8a中NMORB标准化据Sun and McDonough(1989)

Fig. 8. Plots of (Nb/Th)_N-(Th/La)_N (a), Ti/1000-V (b), Ti-Zr (c) and Zr-Zr/Y(d) for the basalts

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图 9 得力斯坦南玄武岩Zr/Y-Nb/Y(a)和Y-Cr(b)关系

UC.上地壳；EN.富集组分；PM.原始地幔；DM.亏损地幔；HIMU.高U值地幔；EM1.EM1型富集地幔；EM2.EM2型富集地幔；NMORB.正常洋中脊玄武岩；MORB.洋中脊玄武岩；WPA.板内玄武岩；IAT.岛弧玄武岩；部分熔融趋势线由二辉橄榄岩模拟

Fig. 9. Plot of Zr/Y-Nb/Y (a) and Y-Cr (b) for the basalts

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表 1 得力斯坦南玄武岩主量元素(%)、稀土元素和微量元素(10^-6)测试结果

Table 1. Results of major elements(%), trace elements and rare earth elements (10^-6) from the Delisitannan basalts

样品号	11204/01	11204/02	11204/03	11204/04	11204/05	11204/06	11204/07
SiO₂	47.28	46.71	48.01	48.08	49.50	46.44	40.54
TiO₂	1.21	1.21	1.29	1.17	1.36	1.41	1.28
Al₂O₃	14.19	13.02	14.66	14.22	14.48	15.37	13.88
Fe₂O₃	5.00	3.46	3.32	3.07	1.51	6.46	7.24
FeO	6.08	7.65	8.08	7.50	9.22	3.99	3.13
MnO	0.17	0.18	0.19	0.20	0.22	0.17	0.37
MgO	6.77	11.06	9.60	9.43	10.35	8.68	2.16
CaO	9.85	6.30	7.50	8.92	5.40	7.35	13.87
Na₂O	4.52	2.21	3.73	3.25	4.34	2.47	6.00
K₂O	0.42	0.03	0.13	0.31	0.05	2.49	0.24
P₂O₅	0.11	0.10	0.10	0.09	0.10	0.11	0.12
Mg^#	66	72	68	69	67	79	55
La	2.91	2.85	2.30	2.10	2.52	3.22	2.52
Ce	8.79	8.47	7.43	6.69	7.7	9.9	7.15
Pr	1.61	1.53	1.32	1.19	1.44	1.72	1.45
Nd	9.31	9.20	8.17	7.18	8.55	10.00	9.00
Sm	3.30	3.21	3.00	2.84	3.30	3.66	3.49
Eu	1.260	1.090	1.040	0.913	1.230	1.370	1.320
Gd	4.04	4.08	3.78	3.40	4.20	4.51	4.34
Tb	0.924	0.896	0.879	0.808	0.972	1.000	0.980
Dy	5.96	5.76	5.42	5.07	6.05	6.49	6.60
Ho	1.33	1.28	1.18	1.14	1.35	1.43	1.38
Er	3.88	3.65	3.61	3.39	4.01	4.22	4.23
Tm	0.622	0.582	0.574	0.537	0.664	0.681	0.644
Yb	3.91	3.74	3.66	3.55	4.23	4.45	4.20
Lu	0.598	0.520	0.557	0.549	0.635	0.664	0.599
δEu	1.05	0.92	0.94	0.90	1.01	1.03	1.04
(La/Yb)_N	0.50	0.51	0.42	0.40	0.40	0.49	0.40
∑LREE	28.31	27.58	24.74	22.21	26.42	31.16	26.75
∑HREE	18.28	17.35	16.82	15.94	18.92	19.97	19.67
LREE/HREE	0.16	0.16	0.16	0.15	0.16	0.15	0.15
Sc	34.1	36.4	37.9	37.9	38.5	41.7	33.2
V	295	279	303	286	318	341	178
Cr	270	257	247	242	307	298	176
Co	48.1	53.2	47.6	45.1	47.2	62.2	35.6
Ni	111.0	116.0	89.7	94.6	104.0	135.0	74.2
Rb	10.600	0.653	1.510	4.040	0.492	53.300	4.060
Sr	111.0	117.0	56.3	60.7	54.8	180.0	85.3
Y	34.7	34.0	31.5	30.8	36.0	37.7	39.3
Nb	2.15	1.98	1.55	1.43	1.82	2.68	1.59
Cs	1.110	0.798	0.857	0.825	0.852	5.660	0.590
Ba	22.8	11.8	14.7	18.4	10.7	67.1	25.7
Ta	0.123	0.120	0.104	0.089	0.100	0.143	0.104
Th	0.268	0.221	0.136	0.130	0.161	0.248	0.137
U	0.057	0.153	0.051	0.016	0.043	0.047	0.373
Zr	74.5	66.6	59.4	67.3	84.9	91.7	74.3
Hf	2.25	2.07	1.85	1.97	2.54	2.51	2.32
Zr/Nb	34.65	33.64	38.32	47.06	46.65	34.22	46.73
Nb/La	0.74	0.69	0.67	0.68	0.72	0.83	0.63
Hf/Ta	18.29	17.25	17.79	22.13	25.40	17.55	22.31
Nb/Y	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.07	0.04
Zr/Y	2.15	1.96	1.89	2.19	2.36	2.43	1.89
Nb/Yb	0.55	0.53	0.42	0.40	0.43	0.60	0.38
Ta/Yb	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.02

样品号	11204/08	11204/09	11204/12	11204/15	11204/16	11204/18	11204/20
SiO₂	47.71	47.29	42.22	46.05	48.36	48.73	47.34
TiO₂	1.39	1.36	1.30	1.15	1.35	1.20	1.13
Al₂O₃	17.48	14.44	15.23	16.20	16.76	16.53	16.01
Fe₂O₃	6.13	4.17	6.56	6.17	7.47	9.03	7.70
FeO	6.13	8.04	5.37	4.92	2.45	2.19	2.55
MnO	0.42	0.18	0.19	0.19	0.19	0.16	0.16
MgO	2.60	10.15	6.74	7.72	7.96	6.28	6.86
CaO	5.27	6.80	13.69	10.18	4.53	4.90	9.60
Na₂O	6.16	0.42	2.49	3.35	5.85	6.03	4.12
K₂O	0.79	0.38	0.03	0.14	0.07	0.29	0.09
P₂O₅	0.14	0.11	0.10	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.08
Mg^#	43	69	69	74	85	84	83
La	3.08	3.29	3.31	2.52	1.44	2.57	2.09
Ce	7.08	10.30	10.10	7.97	5.72	7.51	6.88
Pr	1.70	1.73	1.77	1.46	1.00	1.42	1.22
Nd	11.00	9.96	10.30	8.66	6.18	8.26	7.45
Sm	4.51	3.61	3.62	3.30	2.46	2.96	2.86
Eu	1.680	1.390	1.360	1.240	0.884	1.240	1.090
Gd	5.91	4.58	4.17	3.80	3.00	3.49	3.44
Tb	1.470	0.983	0.999	0.890	0.723	0.842	0.826
Dy	9.90	6.15	6.22	5.85	4.81	5.45	5.46
Ho	2.06	1.28	1.34	1.29	1.06	1.18	1.14
Er	5.87	3.84	4.04	3.90	3.05	3.59	3.45
Tm	0.914	0.613	0.632	0.593	0.487	0.558	0.569
Yb	5.62	3.99	4.19	3.82	3.23	3.54	3.68
Lu	0.801	0.594	0.627	0.593	0.467	0.525	0.543
δEu	0.99	1.04	1.07	1.07	0.99	1.18	1.06
(La/Yb)_N	0.37	0.56	0.53	0.44	0.30	0.49	0.38
∑LREE	31.88	31.57	31.32	26.43	19.24	24.88	22.94
∑HREE	27.63	18.49	19.12	18.00	14.82	16.86	16.73
LREE/HREE	0.16	0.15	0.15	0.16	0.15	0.16	0.15
Sc	38.4	39.5	36.8	40.5	39.8	36.8	35.7
V	280	290	322	325	316	303	303
Cr	219	276	254	299	333	299	289
Co	47.0	54.5	50.8	47.7	50.0	47.0	46.5
Ni	96.1	134.0	107.0	86.1	79.7	87.7	73.0
Rb	14.800	8.510	0.610	3.220	1.000	5.480	2.110
Sr	55.9	76.0	130.0	154.0	127.0	147.0	142.0
Y	52.1	34.4	35.6	33.2	24.8	30.3	29.4
Nb	2.22	2.29	1.75	1.14	1.36	1.20	1.08
Cs	1.690	1.450	0.283	0.385	0.318	0.649	0.858
Ba	36.7	67.6	27.6	23.7	63.6	59.1	47.3
Ta	0.127	0.135	0.104	0.077	0.077	0.069	0.062
Th	0.202	0.194	0.184	0.157	0.104	0.223	0.106
U	0.793	0.053	0.125	0.071	0.258	0.192	0.063
Zr	79.7	56.3	76.2	65.3	70.4	59.3	62.3
Hf	2.38	2.02	2.21	2.07	2.12	1.77	1.98
Zr/Nb	35.90	24.59	43.54	57.28	51.76	49.42	57.69
Nb/La	0.72	0.70	0.53	0.45	0.94	0.47	0.52
Hf/Ta	18.74	14.96	21.25	26.88	27.53	25.65	31.94
Nb/Y	0.04	0.07	0.05	0.03	0.05	0.04	0.04
Zr/Y	1.53	1.64	2.14	1.97	2.84	1.96	2.12
Nb/Yb	0.40	0.57	0.42	0.30	0.42	0.34	0.29
Ta/Yb	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02

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参考文献(93)

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