对流层大气甲烷浓度对地震活动的响应

王杰; 李献瑞; 贺赤诚; 曾佐勋

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2015.151

对流层大气甲烷浓度对地震活动的响应

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2015.151

王杰^{1, 2,},
李献瑞³,
贺赤诚³,
曾佐勋^{2, 3}

1.
中国地震局地震研究所地震大地测量重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430071
2.
教育部三峡库区地质灾害研究中心, 湖北武汉 430074
3.
中国地质大学地球科学学院, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

中国地震局"三结合"课题 151701

教育部三峡库区地质灾害研究中心开放基金 TGRC201004

详细信息

作者简介:
王杰(1981-), 男, 博士, 主要从事构造地质学及地震监测工作.E-mail: eqwangjie@qq.com

中图分类号: P315.7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-03-11
- 刊出日期: 2015-10-15

Methane Concentration Responses Associated with the Seismic Activity in Atmospheric Troposphere

Wang Jie^{1, 2
,},
Li Xianrui³,
He Chicheng³,
Zeng Zuoxun^{2, 3}

1.
Key Laboratory of Earthquake Geodesy, Institute of Seismology, CEA, Wuhan 430071, China
2.
Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-Hazard, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
3.
Faculty of Earth sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 根据气候要素的特征周期, 利用小波分析方法, 从大气对流层甲烷体积混合比产品中分解、识别并去除气候和人为因素对应甲烷浓度变化分量, 从而提取出地质活动所引起的甲烷异常幅值变化信息.在此基础上, 以龙门山和玉树地区为例, 研究了甲烷异常幅值与地震活动间的关系.研究表明: 甲烷异常幅值与地震活动存在明显的对应关系; 龙门山地区3年间(2004—2006年)共出现甲烷异常峰值13次, 玉树地区2年间(2004—2005年)共出现14次; 其中21次(78%)甲烷异常峰值与地震峰值出现的时间间隔不超过2个月; 两个研究区的间隔天数随时间演化非常同步, 均呈现先降后升的规律; 龙门山地区异常增幅与地震能量峰值存在明显的正相关关系, 而玉树地区则不存在.最后, 初步探讨了甲烷异常产生和变化的原因, 认为地源甲烷来源于壳-幔流体的上涌; 其值的波动与韧性流变层中地质流体的存储状态及中上地壳"微破裂"、"破裂链"的发育过程有密切关系.
- 甲烷 /
- 地震 /
- 对流层 /
- 龙门山
Abstract: According to the characteristic periods of climate elements, component signals caused by climate and human factors are decomposed and recognized from the volume mixing ratio of methane in the troposphere, using wavelet analysis method. And then, extract the variation of methane concentration signal caused by geological activity (geological methane). On this basis, analyze the relationship between the variation of geological methane concentration and seismic activity, take Longmenshan and Yushu areas for examples. The result shows that there is an obviously corresponding relationship between the variation of geological methane concentration and seismic activity. In addition, 13 peak values of geological methane concentration occurrence in Longmenshan area in 2004—2006, and 14 peaks values occurrence in Yushu area in 2004—2005. In total, 21 cases (78%) of the time difference of geological methane and seismic activity peak are less than 2 months, and the time difference decrease firstly and then increase in February 2005, in these two areas. And, there is a positive correlation between geological methane concentration and seismic activity peak values in Longmenshan area. Finally, preliminary study on the source and variation of geological methane, the results indicate that geological methane comes from upwelling of mantle and crust fluids, and its concentration correlated closely with the temperature and pressure of ductile rheological layer and "microcracks" and "Rupture chain" in mid-upper crust.
- methane /
- earthquake /
- troposphere /
- Longmenshan

HTML全文

图 1 研究区范围及地震震中分布

a.龙门山地区(2004年1月1日—2006年12月31日)；b.玉树地区(2004年1月1日—2005年12月31日)；地震目录来源于中国地震台网中心(CENC)

Fig. 1. Longmenshan and Yushu areas and their epicenter distribution

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图 2 龙门山和玉树地区对流层甲烷浓度小波分解

a~c.龙门山地区；d~f.玉树地区；a，d.对流层甲烷浓度原始信号；b, e.小波分解第6层尺度信号；c, f.第3层细节信号

Fig. 2. Wavelet analysis of methane concentration signal of Longmenshan and Yushu area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 地源甲烷异常幅值与地震活动性

a，c.龙门山和玉树地区地震释放能量的时间序列；b，d.龙门山和玉树地区地源甲烷异常幅值；L1~13和Y1~14为异常幅度峰值编号；箭头所指为与甲烷异常所对应的地震活动高峰期

Fig. 3. Geological methane concentration change and seismic activity

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图 4 甲烷异常峰值和地震能量峰值时间差

负值表示地源甲烷异常峰值出现在地震高峰之后；两研究区时间差演化非常同步，但玉树地区时间差波动范围较小，而龙门山地区波动范围较大

Fig. 4. Time difference of the methane anomaly and seismic energy peak value

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图 5 甲烷异常增幅与地震能量峰值的关系

龙门山地区呈明显的正相关关系，而玉树地区不明显

Fig. 5. The relation of methane anomaly increases and seismic energy peak value

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表 1 小波分解细节信号的特征周期

Table 1. The characteristic periods of wavelet decomposition detail signals

小波信号	细节信号特征周期(d)		气候要素周期(d)
小波信号	龙门山地区	玉树地区	气候要素周期(d)
d4	24.4	21.3	约20
d5	41.0	46.5	约45
d6	93.1	102.4	约100
d6	170.6	170.5	约180

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表 2 甲烷异常和地震活动的峰值统计

Table 2. The peak value of methane anomaly and seismic activity

地区	研究区峰值编号	地震活动		甲烷异常			时间差(d)
地区	研究区峰值编号	日期	峰值(logE)	日期	峰值(10^-10)	增幅	时间差(d)
龙门山地区	L01	20040329	10.20	20040619	5.47	54%	-82
	L02	20040616	11.70	20040929	11.65	229%	-105
	L03	20040826	12.30	20041228	12.78	261%	-124
	L04	20050104	12.00	20050305	11.94	237%	-60
	L05	20050227	9.60	20050605	5.53	56%	-98
	L06	20050606	10.35	20050820	12.74	260%	-75
	L07	20050903	10.60	20051029	6.16	74%	-56
	L08	20051030	11.85	20060111	10.71	203%	-73
	L09	20060102	11.10	20060218	10.70	202%	-47
	L10	20060326	11.85	20060426	9.45	167%	-31
	L11	20060620	12.75	20060718	13.86	292%	-28
	L12	20060916	11.29	20060912	7.66	116%	4
	L13	20061225	11.40	20061120	10.01	183%	35
玉树地区	Y01	20040204	10.65	20040127	13.64	211%	8
	Y02	20040509	9.90	20040424	16.48	275%	15
	Y03	20040616	10.08	20040601	11.07	152%	15
	Y04	20040703	9.75	20040630	9.10	107%	3
	Y05	20040923	11.10	20040825	15.16	245%	29
	Y06	20041007	10.35	20041008	10.14	131%	-1
	Y07	20041025	9.75	20041111	7.71	76%	-17
	Y08	20041216	10.50	20050109	13.70	212%	-24
	Y09	20050124	10.80	20050310	13.16	200%	-45
	Y10	20050610	10.65	20050621	8.37	91%	-11
	Y11	20050706	10.20	20050718	8.75	99%	-12
	Y12	20050829	10.95	20050819	15.31	249%	10
	Y13	20051017	10.05	20050924	8.29	89%	23
	Y14	20051223	9.75	20051129	12.22	178%	24
注：增幅是指峰值超出地源甲烷浓度均值的百分比；时间差中的“-”表示地源甲烷浓度峰值出现在地震高峰之后.

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