芦山<i>M</i><sub>w</sub>6.6地震序列的震源机制及震源区应力场

张致伟; 周龙泉; 程万正; 阮祥; 梁明剑

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2015.154

芦山M_w6.6地震序列的震源机制及震源区应力场

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2015.154

1.
四川省地震局, 四川成都 610041
2.
中国地震台网中心, 北京 100045

基金项目:

地震科技星火计划项目 XH14045Y

中国地震局监测预报司震情跟踪青年课题 2014020102

详细信息

作者简介:
张致伟(1983-), 男, 硕士, 主要从事数字地震学和地震预测方法等方面的研究工作.E-mail: zzw1983107@163.com

通讯作者:
周龙泉, E-mail: lqzhou@seis.ac.cn

中图分类号: P315.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-11-09
- 刊出日期: 2015-10-15

Focal Mechanism Solutions of Lushan M_w6.6 Earthquake Sequence and Stress Field for Aftershock Zone

1.
Earthquake Administration of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
2.
China Earthquake Networks Center, Beijing 100045, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究2013年4月20日芦山M_w6.6地震的发震构造及孕震机理, 基于4月20日—6月1日地震序列中114次M≥3.0余震震源机制解, 深入分析了余震震源机制及震源区应力场的时空分布特征, 获得的主要认识如下: (1)芦山M≥3.0余震以逆冲型为主, 走滑型次之, 正断型最少, 震源机制P轴方位一致性较好, 以近NWW-SEE为优势方向, 倾角分布在0~30°, 表明余震活动主要受龙门山断裂所在的区域应力场控制; (2)芦山余震区压应力S1方位存在明显的局部空间分区差异, 以主震震中为界, 余震区南边S1方向总体呈NWW方向, 而余震区北边S1方向表现出由NW经EW向NE的逆时针旋转, 可能反映了余震区北边发震断层错动以逆冲为主兼有一定的走滑分量; (3)压应力S1方位随时间的变化不明显, 呈近NWW方向, 但其倾角逐渐变水平, 应力张量方差逐渐变大, 震源机制错动类型始终以逆冲为主, 随时间变的相对紊乱, 反映了震源区应力场随时间的调整变化特性; (4)深度剖面结果显示压应力方位与发震断层走向的夹角在80°~120°, 即近乎垂直, 震源断层面向NW倾斜, 芦山余震活动受控于近垂直发震断裂的挤压作用, 属于典型的逆冲断层.
- 芦山地震 /
- 震源机制解 /
- 压应力 /
- 应力张量方差 /
- 天然地震.
Abstract: In order to investigate seismogenic structure and seismic mechanism of Lushan M_w6.6 earthquake on 20 April 2013, based on focal mechanism solutions of 114 M≥3.0 aftershocks from 20 April to 1 June 2013, we analyzed spatial and temporal distribution characteristic of focal mechanism and stress field. The results are as follows. (1) The focal mechanism types of Lushan M≥3.0 aftershocks show that thrust type is dominant faulting behavior, strike-slip type takes second place, normal type is least, the orientation of P-axis have a good consistency, the dominant direction is near NWW-SEE, dip angle is from 0° to 30°, it shows that aftershock activities are controlled by regional stress field. (2) The orientations of compressive stress (S1) exists obvious space partition difference in Lushan aftershock zone, the epicenter of main shock as boundary, the S1 orientation presents NWW in the south of aftershock zone, and it is anticlockwise rotation from NW to NE in the north of aftershock zone. The dislocation type of causative fault in the north of aftershock zone is mainly characterized by thrust with the component of strike-slip. (3) The change of S1 orientation with time is not obvious, it presents near NWW direction, but its dip angle gradually becomes level, stress tensor variance gradually becomes big, and the focal mechanism is mainly thrust behavior all the time, but it becomes relatively untidy with time, it reflects that seismic source stress field continually adjusts with time. (4) The depth profiles show that angle between S1 direction and causative fault strike is 80°-120° in most area, it is almost perpendicular to fault strike, the trend of focal fault plane is NW, it shows that Lushan earthquake sequence is controlled by near level compressive stress which is perpendicular to causative fault, it belongs to typical thrust fault.
- Lushan earthquake /
- focal mechanism solution /
- compressive stress /
- stress tensor variance /
- earthquakes

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图 1 四川主要构造及芦山余震序列分布

a.芦山余震及周边台站空间分布; b.芦山余震序列M-t图; c.求得震源机制的余震随深度分布; F31.龙门山后山断裂的耿达- 陇东断裂; F32. 汶川- 茂汶断裂; F33.青川- 平武断裂; F21.龙门山中央断裂的盐井- 五龙断裂; F22.北川- 映秀断裂; F23. 茶坝- 林庵寺断裂; F11. 龙门山前山断裂的大川- 双石断裂; F12.灌县- 江油断裂; F13.江油- 广元断裂; F4.新开店断裂; F5.大邑断裂

Fig. 1. Geological structure sketchin Sichuan Province and distribution of Lushan aftershock sequence

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图 2 2013年4月20日芦山、天全交界M5.3地震震源机制及波形拟合

a.反演误差随深度的变化，给出不同震源深度下搜索的震源机制解所对应的误差；b.理论地震图(红线)与观测地震图(黑线)拟合.波形下方的两行数字分别表示理论地震图相对观测地震图的移动时间及二者的相关系数(用百分比表示)

Fig. 2. Focal mechanism and waveform fitting of Lushan and Tianquan boundary M5.3 earthquake on April 20

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图 3 芦山余震震源机制空间分布(断层同图 1)

Fig. 3. The focal mechanism spatial distribution of Lushan aftershocks

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图 4 芦山余震震源机制分布

a.M≥4.0；b.3.0≤M≤3.9

Fig. 4. Focal mechanism spatial distribution of Lushan aftershocks

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图 5 余震震源机制节面走向(Strike)、滑动角(Slip)、倾角(Dip)与P轴方位角(Paz)、倾角(Pdip)统计

a.3.0≤M≤7.0；b.M≥4.0；c.3.0≤M≤3.9

Fig. 5. Strike, slip and dip of fault planes, azimuth and dip of P axes for aftershock focal mechanism

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图 6 震源机制类型随时间的变化特征

Fig. 6. The change characteristic of focal mechanism type with time

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图 7 余震震源机制沿破裂方向(A-A′)的时间变化特征

Fig. 7. The time change characteristic of focal mechanism along profile A-A′

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图 8 芦山余震区压应力及应力张量方差空间分布

Fig. 8. The spatial distribution of compressive stress and stress tensor variance in Lushan aftershock zone

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图 9 芦山震源区应力场随时间的变化特征

Fig. 9. The change characteristic of stress field with time in Lushan aftershock zone

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图 10 震源机制沿剖面A-A′、B-B′的深度分布

S1轴方位相对于剖面的夹角；剖面A-A′采用固定8个地震数计算应力张量，以0.5km×0.5km分别沿水平面和深度上滑动计算；断层同图 1

Fig. 10. The focal mechanism projection along profile A-A′ and B-B′

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表 1 震源机制解分类标准

Table 1. The classification criterion of the focal mechanism solution

机制类型	倾角范围
机制类型	P轴	B轴	T轴
NF	Pl ≥ 40°	-	Pl ≤ 35°
SS	Pl＜40°	Pl ≥ 45°	Pl ≤ 20°
SS	Pl ≤ 20°	Pl ≥ 45°	Pl＜40°
TF	Pl ≤ 35°	-	Pl ≥ 40°
注: 修改自Zoback(1992).

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 震源机制解类型统计

Table 2. Type statistics of focal mechanism solutions

震级	地震	逆断层	走滑断层	正断层
M	次数	比例(%)	比例(%)	比例(%)
3.0~7.0	114	72 (63%)	33 (29%)	9 (8%)
4.0~7.0	25	21 (84%)	4 (16%)	0(0)
3.0~3.9	89	51 (57%)	29 (33%)	9 (10%)

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