A New Drilling Fluid for Drilling in Marine Gas Hydrate Bearing Sediments
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摘要: 随着全球对天然气水合物勘探与开发的关注越来越多, 水合物地层钻井技术的研究也得到了日益重视.但是, 水合物地层钻井存在井内水合物分解与重新生成从而影响井内安全的严重问题.为了解决这一问题, 针对水合物地层的钻井特点, 结合现有的纳米材料, 通过大量实验优选出一种适合海洋天然气水合物地层钻井用的纳米SiO2钻井液: 海水+2%纳米SiO2+3%膨润土+1%Na-CMC+3%SMP-2+1%PVP(K90)+2%KCl, 并对其低温常规性能和水合物生成抑制性能进行了实验评价.实验结果表明, 该钻井液具有适中的密度、良好的低温流变性和泥页岩水化抑制性, 并能够长时间有效抑制近井壁地层中的水合物分解气在钻井液循环系统中重新生成水合物, 有利于保障井内安全和钻井作业的顺利实施.Abstract: With increasing global concern of nature gas hydrate exploration and development, more and more attention has been paid to drilling technology in gas hydrate bearing sediment (GHBS). However, the dissociation and reformation of gas hydrates in borehole will affect the stability of wellbore during drilling. Based on the drilling characteristics in hydrate formation, existing nano-materials, and a large number of experiments, a kind of new nano-SiO2 drilling fluid for drilling in GHBS is introduced: seawater+2% nano-SiO2+3% bentonite+1%Na-CMC+3%SMP-2+1%PVP(K90)+2%KCl, subsequently low-temperature traditional performance and hydrate formation inhibition of the drilling fluid were evaluated. Experimental results show that the drilling fluid is featured with optimum density, good low-temperature rheology and shale hydration inhibition, and it can effectively inhibit free gas from hydrate dissociation near borehole reformat hydrate in drilling fluid circulation system for a long time. Therefore, the drilling fluid is beneficial to keep borehole safety and to ensure successful drilling operation while drilling in GHBS.
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图 1 天然气水合物生成与分解模拟实验系统示意
Fig. 1. Schematic of the experimental system for gas-hydrate formation and decomposition
图 2 不同温度下的纳米SiO2钻井液动塑比
Fig. 2. The yield point and plastic viscosity ratio of nano-SiO2drilling fluid at different temperatures
图 3 不同温度下的纳米SiO2钻井液触变性
Fig. 3. The thixotropic behavior of nano-SiO2 drilling fluid at different temperatures
图 4 泥页岩试样经海水、Aqua-ColTMS钻井液和纳米SiO2钻井液浸泡2小时的表面完整性
Fig. 4. The integrity of shale samples surface in sea water, Aqua-ColTMS drilling fluid and nano-SiO2 drilling fluid after 2 h
图 5 泥页岩在海水、Aqua-ColTMS钻井液和纳米SiO2钻井液中线性膨胀变化趋势
Fig. 5. The trend of shale linear expansion in sea water, Aqua-ColTMS drilling fluid and nano-SiO2 drilling fluid
图 7 水合物生成静态和动态抑制试验
a.静态抑制；b.动态抑制
Fig. 7. The static and dynamic inhibition test for hydrate formation
表 1 纳米SiO2钻井液和Aqua-ColTMS钻井液的常规性能
Table 1. The property of nano-SiO2 drilling fluid and Aqua-ColTMS drilling fluid
4 ℃配方 密度(g/cm3) 塑性粘度(mPaos) 动切力(Pa) 滤失量(mL) 配方1 1.10 16.5 7.5 6.5 配方2 1.10 15.0 6.5 7.0 
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表 2 不同温度下的纳米SiO2钻井液常规性能
Table 2. The property of nano-SiO2 drilling fluid at different temperatures
T(℃) 密度(g/cm3) 塑性粘度(mPaos) 动切力(Pa) 滤失量(mL) 6 1.10 14 6.5 6.5 3 1.10 17 7.8 6.5 0 1.10 20 9.0 6.5 -3 1.11 23 10.2 6.7 -6 1.12 25 11.0 6.8
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