Differences between Whole Rock and Insitu Analysis on Tephra: Evidence from the 1 600 a cal. BP Eruption of Jinlongdingzi Volcano
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摘要: 火山灰地层学主要依靠火山玻璃的成分进行源区的识别，然而，当火山玻璃成分不均一时就会对源区识别造成影响.四海龙湾玛珥湖位于东北新生代龙岗火山区内，其湖泊沉积物可以记录周边的火山喷发，电子探针等方法得到的火山玻璃成分可以揭示其喷发来源.同时，玛珥湖的纹层年龄可以限定其喷发年龄.在四海龙湾沉积物(钻孔2008) 的78~79 cm岩芯处出现一层火山灰层，其纹层年龄为AD 308 a，电子探针结果显示火山玻璃具有不均一的主量元素组成，为玄武质粗安岩到碱玄质响岩.FeO、TiO2及Al2O3等与MgO协变图解更清楚地显示了此次火山喷发的火山玻璃成分的不均一性.火山玻璃与火山灰全岩对比分析显示，全岩分析在火山灰地层学应用中容易造成对比偏差.Abstract: Tephra layers with unknown ages are usually identified and fingerprinted by their glass compositions. But, such correlations may be problematic when they own heterogeneous glass compositions. Lake Sihailongwan locates in the Longgang volcanic field and its varved lacustrine sediments can preserve the volcanic products from surrounding areas. Additionally, its varve-chronology can provide an advantage chronological framework for recent geological events which are difficult to date by other dating methods. A core drilled from Lake Sihailongwan (core 2008) shows that there is a tephra layer at 78-79 cm and an age of AD 308 was assigned to it by varve-chronology. The volcanic glass exhibits a heterogeneous composition, ranging from basaltic trachyandesite to tephriphonolite. Such a heterogeneous characteristic of glass shards from this tephra layer can be clearly revealed by the biplots of FeO, TiO2 and Al2O3 vs. MgO. For the applications to the tephrostratigraphy, whole rock analysis of tephra may be wrong and could not reflect the heterougeneous of primary magma while composition of glass is a better choice.
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Key words:
- lake Sihailongwan /
- tephra /
- volcanic glass /
- tephrochronology /
- Jinlongdingzi /
- petrology
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图 1 龙岗火山区玛珥湖分布以及金龙顶子火山灰分分布
等厚度曲线单位：mm；根据Liu et al.(2009)修改
Fig. 1. Map of maar lakes in the Longgang volcanic filed and the distribution of the Jinlongdingzi tephra
图 2 此次喷发的火山玻璃反射光照片
Fig. 2. Photograph of the glass shards from this tephra layer in Lake Sihailongwan
图 3 四海龙湾沉积物中火山灰TAS图
蓝色菱形为本文的玻屑数据，绿色矩形为已经发表的全岩火山灰数据；据Liu et al.(2009)和樊祺诚等(1999)
Fig. 3. TAS diagram of the glass shards from Lake Sihailongwa
图 4 四海龙湾沉积物中记录的火山灰玻屑、此次喷发野外记录全岩及其他地区的火山玻璃的Harker图
蓝色菱形为本文的玻屑数据，绿色矩形为已经发表的全岩火山灰数据，红色三角形为已发表玻屑数据
Fig. 4. Harker diagrams for the glass shards from this tephra layer (blue rhombus) and the other published glass (red triangle) and whole rock data (green rectangle)
图 5 四海龙湾沉积物中火山灰玻屑归一化到全岩的对比
全岩数据根据Liu et al.(2009)
Fig. 5. Diagram of the glass data normalised to the whole rock composition of the tephra recorded in the Lake Sihailongwan
图 6 四海龙湾火山灰中玻屑的不易迁移元素的比值
Fig. 6. Immoble elements ratios of the glass from this eruption recorded in the Lake Sihailongwan
表 1 四海龙湾中记录的此次喷发的火山灰的电子探针测试结果(%)
Table 1. DS-EPMA results of glass shards from Lake Sihailongwan for this eruption
SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O Cl 分析总量 52.74 2.35 17.53 9.55 0.20 2.71 5.76 5.19 3.89 0.11 98.26 53.63 2.28 17.11 9.05 0.11 2.59 4.67 5.88 4.59 0.13 98.39 50.18 3.15 17.16 10.69 0.18 3.57 7.29 4.54 3.16 0.08 97.41 50.54 2.68 19.06 9.33 0.14 2.99 7.88 4.53 2.77 0.10 98.11 52.86 2.18 17.75 9.89 0.21 2.82 5.52 4.93 3.69 0.18 97.11 53.26 2.25 17.49 9.27 0.18 2.59 5.35 5.16 4.32 0.17 97.52 52.15 2.34 17.62 9.89 0.21 2.99 6.09 4.96 3.67 0.12 98.16 51.78 2.43 17.65 9.87 0.15 3.18 4.79 5.41 4.65 0.12 96.65 49.67 3.05 17.39 10.69 0.14 3.72 7.57 4.68 3.03 0.07 97.85 51.98 2.41 17.78 9.84 0.22 3.17 6.22 4.97 3.35 0.10 96.22 51.17 2.44 17.79 9.95 0.22 3.61 6.65 4.88 3.19 0.14 97.67 52.19 2.36 17.96 9.78 0.21 2.97 5.74 5.25 3.44 0.11 98.50 52.91 2.11 18.03 9.44 0.18 2.92 5.37 5.29 3.63 0.15 97.37 53.06 1.46 22.64 5.73 0.13 1.63 7.89 5.08 2.32 0.07 96.31 52.76 1.55 20.65 7.25 0.07 1.98 6.42 5.76 3.48 0.10 97.68 注：所有的火山玻璃已经进行无水化处理，总量值为原始分析值. 
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