The Regularity of Gold Enrichment and Its Implications to Metallogenic Tectonics in Shuangwang Gold Deposit, Shaanxi Province
-
摘要: 双王金矿床是秦岭地区大型的危机矿山之一，找矿工作是当务之急，但其成因类型特殊，人们对其成矿构造的演化过程和控矿机制尚存在争议.以该矿床KT5矿体为例，研究了角砾岩体、断裂裂隙和金品位的空间分布关系，并结合趋势面分析，探讨了金矿化富集规律及其对成矿构造的指示意义.矿床地质特征及对矿区内基性岩墙的测年结果表明其成矿时代为印支期.在印支期秦岭造山过程中的NS向主压应力背景下，成矿断裂早期右行斜向剪切作用奠定了角砾岩带的雏形；断裂中期活动引发的地震及伴生液压致裂作用，使矿区内形成了角砾岩主体和断裂裂隙系统，主成矿阶段角砾岩化作用减弱，断裂裂隙持续发育，并作为流体运移和成矿的主要通道和有利部位，使金的矿化富集呈面状展布，断裂裂隙带的产状变化是金沉淀的重要影响因素；晚期构造应力转换为近EW向拉伸，近NS向基性岩墙群侵位并受到成矿流体的改造.Abstract: Shuangwang gold deposit is one of the largest crisis mines in Qinling area with special genetic type, and it is urgent for us to undertake prospecting. But different scholars have some controversy over the evolution of the metallogenic tectonic as well as over the ore-controlling mechanism in this deposit. This paper studies the relationship of spatial distribution among the breccia bodies, fractures and fissures, and gold grade taking KT5 ore body in the deposit for an example. The regularity of gold enrichment and its implications to metallogenic tectonics are discussed, combined with trend surface analysis. According to mineralization characteristics and the age of the mafic dyke swarms in the mine area, it is suggested that the ore-forming process happened mainly in Indosinian. Under the compressive stress from north to south during Indosinian orogenesis in Qinling area, two sides of the metallogenic fault sheared obliquely with rightward contortion in the early stage, which formed the rudiment of breccia belt. In the intermediate stage, earthquake and associated hydraulic fracturing, which were induced along with the fault movement, produced the main breccia bodies together with fractures and fissures; in the gold mineragenetic process, the brecciation trailed off, while the fractures and fissures developed continuously, and they played important roles of the main pathway as well as advantaged ore-forming space for metallogenic fluid, so the gold enrichment revealed planar distribution, and the change of the fractures and fissures occurrence was the basic factor that resulted in Au precipitation. In the late stage, the extension changed to east-west, and the mafic dyke swarms intruded in the setting, which were altered by metallogenic fluid.
-
Key words:
- gold enrichment /
- breccia bodies /
- metallogenic tectonic /
- Shuangwang gold deposit /
- ore deposit geology
-
图 1 双王金矿区域地质图
K1dh.下白垩统东河群；P.二叠系；C.石炭系；D3t.上泥盆统桐峪寺组；D3j.上泥盆统九里坪组；D3x.上泥盆统星红铺组；D2g.中泥盆统古道岭组；D1w.下泥盆统王家塄组；Pzd.元古界陡岭群；γ52.燕山期花岗岩；γ51.印支期花岗岩；γδ51.印支期花岗闪长岩；FⅠ.商丹缝合带；FⅡ.酒奠梁一江口断裂；1.花岗岩；2.花岗闪长岩；3.地质界线；4.不整合线；5.断裂 (F)；6.深大断裂；7.金矿床；8.铅锌矿床；据王国富，2006
Fig. 1. Regional geological sketch of Shuangwang mine
图 2 双王金矿床地质略图
1.上泥盆统九里坪组粉砂岩和板岩；2.中泥盆统星红铺组含生物碎屑结晶灰岩；3.星红铺组绢云粉砂质板岩；4.星红铺组变质粉砂岩夹板岩；5.星红铺组绢云粉砂质板岩、粉砂岩互层；6.星红铺组变质粉砂岩夹绢云板岩；7.星红铺组变质粉砂岩、绢云板岩层；8.星红铺组绢云板岩、钙质板岩、结晶灰岩；9.星红铺组 (未分)；10.中泥盆统古道岭组结晶灰岩夹砂岩；11.古道岭组钙质砂岩夹生物灰岩；12.下泥盆统王家塄组结晶灰岩、粉砂岩、砂质板岩互层；13.王家塄组变质粉砂岩夹结晶灰岩、碳质片岩；14.印支期二长花岗岩；15.印支早期石英二长闪长岩；16.花岗斑岩脉；17.中、基性岩脉；18.含金钠长角砾岩体；19.正断层及其产状；20.性质不明断层；21.星红铺组下亚组沉积岩性层界线；据石准立等 (1989)
Fig. 2. Geological sketch of Shuangwang gold deposit
图 3 角砾岩的产出形式
a.钠化板岩角砾，①对称钠化蚀变，②半环状钠化蚀变，③条带状钠化蚀变；b.早期胶结物角砾化，①钠化板岩角砾，②早期胶结物：钠长石和含铁白云石；③晚期胶结物含铁白云石；c.多期角砾岩化，黑线所示角砾内部，早期钠长石含铁白云石①胶结围岩角砾后，整体破碎，再次被晚期灰白色含铁白云石②胶结；d.骨架状构造，①钠化板岩角砾，②含铁白云石；e.胶结物充填显示出的X型节理 (黑线所示)；f.角砾岩体的平直边界，黑线所示，①围岩，②角砾岩体
Fig. 3. Occurrences of breccia bodies
图 4 热液脉体的产出形式
a.石膏脉，1 420 m标高75线，①围岩，②石膏脉，③角砾岩体；b.黄铁矿脉，1 690 m中段67线，①围岩，②黄铁矿脉，③角砾岩体；c.黄铁矿脉，1 690 m中段75线，①黄铁矿细脉，②含铁白云石，③角砾岩体；d.黄铁矿方解石脉，1 420 m中段73线，①黄铁矿方解石脉，②含铁白云石脉，③角砾岩体；e.铁白云石大脉，1 420 m中段79线，①铁白云石脉，②角砾岩体；f.巨晶黄铁矿铁白云石大脉，1 550 m中段沿脉，①黄铁矿，②含铁白云石，③角砾岩体
Fig. 4. Occurrences of hydrothermal veins
图 5 KT5矿体1 420 m中段以下矿体品位与角砾岩体水平、垂向分布
1.角砾岩体；2.矿体；3.煌斑岩墙；4.品位滑动平均趋势线 (图示各角砾岩体的边界为零，向左为高值)；5.品位峰值连线；6.角砾岩体侧伏趋势；7.钻孔编号；8.勘探线间距 (相邻勘探线间距100 m，如79线与75线，75线与71线，以此类推；同一勘探线水平间距为0 m，如ZK43-1，ZK43-2)
Fig. 5. Horizontal and vertical distributions of Au grade and breccia bodies for KT5 ore body below 1 420 m level adit
图 6 双王金矿床主要矿体垂直纵投影分布
据陕西省地矿局第三地质队 (2009)修绘
Fig. 6. Vertical longitudinal projection of the main ore bodies in Shuangwang gold deposit
图 7 双王金矿床KT5矿体1 420 m中段以上矿体厚度及金品位趋势面分析
a.矿体厚度等值线；b.金品位等值线；c.矿体厚度三次趋势图；d.金品位三次趋势图；e.矿体厚度剩余值等值线；f.金品位剩余值等值线 (各等值线上所标注数字仅表示线值相对大小)；剖面方向向右为109°
Fig. 7. Diagrams of trend surface analysis for thickness and Au grade of KT5 above 1 420 m level adit
-
Fan, S.C., 1994.Discussion of Metallogenic Mode and the Prospecting Forcasting of Shuangwang Large Gold Deposit, Shaanxi Province.Geology of Shaanxi, 12(1):27-37(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SXDY199401003.htm Li, J.W., Li, X.F., 1997.Hydraulic Fracturing and Its Study Significance.Geological Science and Technology Information, 16(4):29-34(in Chinese with English abstract). Liang, H.Y., Wang, X.Z., Cheng, J.P., 2000.Characteristics of Gold-Hosted Stratabound Albitite and Forming Stage of Shuangwang Gold Deposit in Shaanxi Province.Geotectonic et Metallognia, 24(4):350-356(in Chinese with English abstract). https://es.scribd.com/document/288108218/Comparative-Geology-and-Geochemistry-of-SedimentaryRock-Hosted Pu, G.H., 1997.Discussion on the Genesis of Albitite and the Breccia Belt in Eatern Qinling, Shaanxi, China.Geology of Shaanxi, 15(1):46-50(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-YSKW902.002.htm Qi, S.J., Li, Y., 1999.The Upper Paleozoic Submarine Exhalative Sedimentary Metallogenic System in South Qinling.Earth Science Frontiers, 6(1):171-179(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284388177_Geochemistry_of_hydrothermal_sedimentary_mineralization_in_the_lower_paleozoic_of_xunyang_basin_south_qinling_China Shi, J.H., 2001.Classification of Breccia in Shuangwang Au Deposit, Shaanxi Province and the Signification to Au Ore Prospect.Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research, 16(3):206-209 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/view/subjects/040307.type.html Shi, Z.L., Liu, J.X., Fan, S.C., et al., 1989.Geological Characteristics and Genesis of Shuangwang Gold Deposit, Shaanxi Province.Shaanxi Science and Technology Press, Xi'an (in Chinese). Shi, Z, L., Liu, J.X., Jin, Q.H., 1993.A Study of Shuangwang Gold Deposit Related to Alkali-Carbonatite.In:Qinling and Daba Mountains Scientific Research Project Office of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, Qinling and Daba Mountains Gold Deposits Scientific Research Office of Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, ed., Contributions to Gold Deposits of the Qinling and Daba Mountains.Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 133-146 (in Chinese with English abstract). Tan, M.T., Yao, S.Z., Ding, Z.J., et al., 2014.Trend Surface Analysis of Main Ore Veins with Applications in Mineral Resources Prediction in Xiaoqinling Gold Ore Field.Earth Science, 39(3) :303-311 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297276232_Trend_surface_analysis_of_main_ore_veins_with_applications_in_mineral_resources_prediction_in_Xiaoqinling_gold_ore_field Tang, J.R., Wang, J.C., Wang, G.F., et al., 2002.The Geological Features and Preliminary Study of Gold-Hosted Breccia in Shuangwang Ore Deposit, Shaanxi.Northwestern Geol., 35(1):60-64(in Chinese with English abstract). https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-131/OF02-131.pdf Wang, G.F., Sun, Z.J., Peng, E.S., et al., 2002.A Discussion on Dynamic Genesis of the Breccia Developed in the Shuangwang Gold Deposit in Shaanxi Province, China.Geotectonic et Metallogenia, 35(1):81-85(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HJKJ200801010.htm Wang, G.F., 2006.Researches on Tectono-Metallogenesis and Metallogenic Prognosis in Shuangwang Gold Deposit, Shaanxi Province, China (Dissertaition).Central South University, Changsha (in Chinese with English abstract). Wang, J.C., Tang, J.R., Wang, G.F., et al., 2001.Forming of Gold-Bearing Hydrofracturing Breccia Body and Prognosis of Gold Ore Body in the Shuangwang Gold Deposit, Shaanxi Province.Geological Review, 47(5):508-516(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Emmanuel_John_Carranza/publication/280325290_A_Possible_Genetic_Model_of_the_Shuangwang_Hydrothermal_Breccia_Gold_Deposit_Shaanxi_Province_Central_China_Evidence_from_Fluid_Inclusion_and_Stable_Isotope/links/55b3152808aed621ddfe177d.pdf?origin=publication_detail Xie, Y.L., Xu, J.H., He, Z.L., et al., 2000.The Discovery of Daughter Minerals in Fluid Inclusions of the Taibai Gold Deposit and Their Genetic Significance.Mineral Deposits, 19(1):54-60(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.1007/s00710-009-0053-6 Zhang, F., Liu, S.W., Li, Q.G., et al., 2009.LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Geological Significance of Xiba Granitoids from Qinling, Central China.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 45(5):833-840(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279762783_A-ICP-MS_zircon_U-Pb_geochronology_and_geological_significance_of_Xiba_granitoids_from_Qinling_central_China Zhang, F.X., 1997.Study on Mineralization and Hosting State of Gold of Shuangwang Gold Deposit, Shaanxi Province.Northwest Geology, 18(2):28-32(in Chinese). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-GJSD602.000.htm Zhang, Z.H., 2002.The Mineralization and Metallogenic Process of Orogenic Gold Deposits, Western Qinling Region (Dissertaition).Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang, Z.H., Mao, J.W., Li, X.F., 2004.Geology, Geochemistry and Metallogenic Mechanism of Shuangwang Breccia Type Gold Deposit.Mineral Deposits, 23(2):241-252 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272004981_Geochemistry_and_Diagenetic_Pattern_of_Ore-Bearing_Rocks_about_Two_Types_of_Gold_Deposit_in_Fengxian-Taibai_Basin_South_Qinling 樊硕诚, 1994.陕西双王大型金矿床成矿模式成矿规律与找矿前景探讨.陕西地质, 12(1):27-37. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SXDY199401003.htm 李建威, 李先福, 1997.液压致裂作用及其研究意义.地质科技情报, 16(4):29-34. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ704.004.htm 梁华英, 王秀璋, 程景平, 2000.陕西双王钠长石岩特征及金矿床形成期次分析.大地构造与成矿学, 24(4):350-356. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DGYK200004007.htm 蒲关虎, 1997.东秦岭钠长岩及角砾岩带成因讨论.陕西地质, 15(1):46-50. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SXDY199701005.htm 祁思敬, 李英, 1999.南秦岭晚古生代海底喷气-沉积成矿系统.地学前缘, 6(1):171-179. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY901.021.htm 石准立, 刘瑾漩, 樊硕诚, 等, 1989.陕西双王金矿床地质特征及其成因.西安:陕西科技出版社. 石准立, 刘瑾漩, 金勤海, 1993.与碱性碳酸盐有关的双王金矿床.见:地质矿产部秦巴科研项目办公室和陕西省地质矿产局秦巴金矿科研办公室, 编, 秦巴金矿论文集.北京:地质出版社, 133-146. 史静海, 2001.陕西双王金矿床含金角砾岩分类及其找矿意义.地质找矿论丛, 16(3):206-209. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZZK200103012.htm 谭满堂, 姚书振, 丁振举, 等, 2014.小秦岭金矿田典型矿脉矿化趋势面分析与深部预测.地球科学, 39(3):303-311. http://earth-science.net/WebPage/qk.aspx?id=123# 汤静如, 汪劲草, 王国富, 等, 2002.陕西双王含金角砾岩地质特征及成因初探.西北地质, 35(1):60-64. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBDI200201008.htm 汪劲草, 汤静如, 王国富, 等, 2001.太白双王含金角砾岩体形成过程和金矿体预测.地质论评, 47(5):508-513. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP200105011.htm 王国富, 孙振家, 彭恩生, 等, 2002.陕西双王金矿床角砾岩动力学成因探讨.大地构造与成矿学, 35(1):81-85. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DGYK200201013.htm 王国富, 2006.陕西双王金矿床构造成矿作用及成矿预测研究 (博士学位论文).长沙:中南大学. 谢玉玲, 徐九华, 何知礼, 等, 2000.太白金矿流体包裹体中黄铁矿和铁白云石等子矿物的发现及成因意义.矿床地质, 19(1):54-60. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCDZ200001007.htm 张帆, 刘树文, 李秋根, 等, 2009.秦岭西坝花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义.北京大学学报 (自然科学版), 45(5):833-840. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJDZ200905018.htm 张复新, 1997.陕西双王金矿床成矿作用及金的赋存状态研究.西北地质, 18(2):28-32. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBDI199702005.htm 张作衡, 2002.西秦岭地区造山型金矿床成矿作用和成矿过程 (博士学位论文).北京:中国地质科学院. 张作衡, 毛景文, 李晓峰, 2004.双王角砾岩型金矿床地质地球化学及成矿机制.矿床地质, 23(2):241-252. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCDZ200402012.htm -
下载:
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 3701
- HTML全文浏览量: 1525
- PDF下载量: 35
- 被引次数: 0
