渝东北黑色页岩元素迁移特征及化学风化程度

巫锡勇; 凌斯祥; 任勇; 廖昕; 赵思远; 李晓宁

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2016.017

渝东北黑色页岩元素迁移特征及化学风化程度

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.017

巫锡勇^1,2,,
凌斯祥¹,
任勇¹,
廖昕^1*, ,,
赵思远¹,
李晓宁^1,3

1.
西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院,四川成都 611756
2.
西南交通大学高速铁路线路工程教育部重点实验室,四川成都 610031
3.
西南科技大学土木与建筑学院,四川绵阳 621010

基金项目:

轨道交通行业拔尖创新人才培育项目 No.2012-19

四川省科技支撑计划项目 Nos.2012SZ0051

国家自然科学基金项目 Nos.51348003

国家自然科学基金项目 Nos.41472256

国家自然科学基金项目 Nos.41172261

国家自然科学基金项目 Nos.41502269

西南交通大学博士创新基金项目 No.2015-40

详细信息

作者简介:
巫锡勇 (1963-)，男，教授，博士生导师.主要从事岩石风化及其工程特性评价、特殊岩土工程研究

通讯作者:
廖昕，E-mail: xinliao@swjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P595;P642.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-09-13
- 刊出日期: 2016-02-15

Elemental Migration Characteristics and Chemical Weathering Degree of Black Shale in Northeast Chongqing, China

Wu Xiyong^{1,2
,},
Ling Sixiang¹,
Ren Yong¹,
Liao Xin^{1*
, ,},
Zhao Siyuan¹,
Li Xiaoning^1,3

1.
Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
2.
Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
3.
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China

摘要

摘要: 黑色页岩是富含有机质和硫化矿物的特殊沉积岩，但人们对其风化过程的元素活动性及矿物风化机制关注较少.为探讨不同地形位置的黑色页岩化学风化过程，采集了渝东北城口某山脊 (A)、近山顶 (B) 和沟谷 (C) 的下寒武统水井沱组黑色页岩风化剖面岩样，利用XRD、XRF和化学分析手段对采集样品的矿物成分、主量元素进行测定分析.元素和矿物的质量迁移系数 (τ) 和质量迁移通量 (M_{j, flux}) 的计算结果表明，黑色页岩风化过程中Ca、Mg和Na元素具有明显的贫化现象，近地表处存在Al元素的富集现象；矿物成分方面，黄铁矿和有机质氧化后形成的酸性水环境，造成方解石、白云石、斜长石等不稳定矿物溶解，并生成含水石膏、铁质氧化物、黏土矿物等次生矿物.不同赋存位置的黑色页岩风化程度有所差异，Na/K-CIA、K/Ca^*-Al/Na、A-CN-K和A-CNK-FM图解显示：A剖面处于脱Ca过程的初级风化阶段，B剖面处于脱Ca、Na初期的初等-中等风化阶段，C剖面已发生脱Ca、Na过程，并伴随脱Si作用的中等-强烈风化阶段，结合不同风化指数 (如：CIA、CIW、PIA、MWPI等)，得出各剖面的化学风化强弱程度依次为C＞B＞A.
- 黑色页岩 /
- 化学风化 /
- 元素迁移 /
- 矿物转变 /
- 风化指数 /
- 地球化学 /
- 岩石学
Abstract: Black shales are special sedimentary rocks that contain significant amounts of organic matter and sulfide minerals; whereas, less is known about the elemental mobility and weathering mechanism in black shales during chemical weathering. For understanding the chemical weathering processes of black shale in different geographic locations, a number of Shuijingtuo Formation black shale samples were collected from three weathering profiles, namely, profile A (mid-ridge), profile B (near mountaintop), and profile C (valley) at Chengkou County, northeastern Chongqing Province in this study. The major element concentration, mineral composition, and bulk density of each sample were analyzed by XRF, XRD and chemical analysis methods. The results of geochemical analysis indicate that these weathering profiles were significantly depleted of Ca, Mg and Na in all samples but enriched in Al on the surface weathering zone by calculated mass transfer coefficient (τ) and mass transfer flux (M_{j, flux}) in all samples. From the perspective of mineralogy, the calcite, dolomite and plagioclase were dissolved in acid solution produced from pyrite and organic matter, and the illite, gypsum and Fe-oxides were formed during chemical weathering process. From the graphical representations of Na/K-CIA, K/Ca^*-Al/Na, A-CN-K, and A-CNK-FM show that profile A is located in the weak chemical weathering stage of Ca removal. Profile B has reached the weak to moderate chemical weathering stage and being initial stage of Ca and Na removal. Profile C has undergone the early stage of Ca and Na removal, and reached the Si removal (desilication) stage of moderate to strong chemical weathering. Different chemical weathering indexes of CIA, CIW, PIA, and MWPI were calculated in three profiles, showing that the chemical weathering sequence in all profiles is C > B > A.
- black shale /
- chemical weathering /
- element migration /
- mineral transformation /
- chemical weathering index /
- geochemistry /
- petrology

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图 1 城口下寒武统水井沱组黑色页岩采样位置地形图及剖面

中国地图据中华人民共和国地图 (1:20 000 000)，2014，星球地图出版社，北京

Fig. 1. Sampling location and profile photo of Shuijingtuo Formation black shale, Lower Cambrian at Chengkou County

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图 2 黑色页岩各剖面的主量元素在各深度处的质量迁移

a.A剖面；b.B剖面；c.C剖面

Fig. 2. The τ_{Ti, j} values plotted versus depth along three profiles for major elements

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图 3 黑色页岩各剖面矿物在不同深度的质量迁移

a, b, c.A剖面；d, e, f.B剖面；g, h, i.C剖面

Fig. 3. τ_{Ti, j} values plotted versus depth along three black shale weathering profiles for minerals

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图 4 城口黑色页岩化学风化CIA值与Na/K (a) 关系以及K/Ca^*与Al/Na (b) 关系

Fig. 4. Relationships of CIA versus Na/K (a) and K/Ca^* versus Al/Na (b) of black shale in Chengkou County

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图 5 城口黑色页岩化学风化趋势

a.A-CN-K趋势图；b.A-CNK-FM趋势图；箭头指示化学风化趋势；A.Al₂O₃；CN.CaO^*+Na₂O；K.K₂O；CNK.CaO^*+Na₂O+K₂O；FM.TFe₂O₃+MgO

Fig. 5. Weathering trends for the Shuijingtuo Formation black shale at Chengkou County

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表 1 城口下寒武统黑色页岩各剖面矿物成分

Table 1. Mineral concentrations of black shales in all profiles at Chengkou County

分层	序号	深度 (m)	石英 (%)	斜长石 (%)	方解石 (%)	白云石 (%)	伊利石 (%)	白云母 (%)	蒙脱石 (%)	磷灰石 (%)	石膏^a (%)	黄铁矿^a (%)
	A-1	0.10	24.6	20.4	--	--	23.5	31.2	--	--	0.29	0.32
风化层	A-2	0.25	27.5	24.4	--	--	23.8	23.4	--	--	0.46	0.85
	A-3	0.45	18.9	17.3	1.0	1.1	17.6	44.1	--	--	0.81	0.59
半风化层	A-4	0.55	27.5	24.8	--	--	18.4	29.3	--	--	1.83	0.57
	A-5	0.65	27.6	28.6	--	--	20.5	21.8	--	--	1.28	0.46
	A-6	0.75	26.1	32.1	--	--	19.6	21.2	--	--	1.16	0.72
	A-7	0.85	26.8	24.9	--	--	20.1	16.4	--	--	8.74	3.05
	A-8	1.10	18.4	14.2	2.4	2.5	12.4	41.2	--	--	6.90	3.65
过渡层	A-9	1.50	17.3	13.4	1.8	2.2	13.2	39.3	--	--	5.15	6.42
	A-10	2.10	20.5	18.1	5.4	3.0	22.0	21.0	--	--	2.81	6.35
母岩	A-11	3.00	22.5	23.7	3.9	4.4	20.1	17.6	--	--	0.13	7.16
	B-1	0.50	41.4	6.1	--	2.0	40.9	--	9.1	--	0.50	0.36
风化层	B-2	1.00	42.3	5.7	2.4	0.8	43.5	--	6.0	--	0.38	0.84
	B-3	1.50	40.6	5.4	2.0	--	42.6	--	7.5	--	0.07	2.49
半风化层	B-4	2.00	42.4	6.2	--	--	38.3	10.2	3.6	--	0.15	3.11
	B-5	2.50	24.7	5.8	--	--	39.3	25.7	3.0	--	0.19	1.54
	B-6	3.20	20.4	21.5	--	--	26.7	30.5	--	--	0.27	3.90
	B-7	4.00	24.6	17.3	4.0	1.3	25.1	25.6	--	--	0.14	3.46
	B-8	4.80	13.7	24.1	1.4	1.9	16.5	31.2	3.3	--	0.18	6.20
过渡层	B-9	5.50	15.9	33.3	2.2	1.8	17.2	21.6	--	--	0.14	6.22
	B-10	6.20	25.6	22.3	2.9	3.4	17.1	19.2	--	--	0.07	6.81
母岩	B-11	7.00	31.7	20.2	3.8	5.2	15.0	15.4	--	--	0.04	8.88
	C-1	0.50	26.3	2.1	--	7.8	12.3	52.8	--	--	0.47	0.18
风化层	C-2	1.00	30.8	2.3	--	--	14.6	50.9	--	--	0.41	0.58
	C-3	1.50	36.3	2.2	0.8	--	13.3	47.4	--	--	0.37	0.48
	C-4	2.00	35.3	2.3	--	--	12.4	50.3	--	--	0.64	1.05
	C-5	3.00	33.9	1.6	--	--	16.5	46.2	--	--	0.97	2.96
半风化层	C-6	4.00	33.7	1.5	1.2	--	18.8	38.5	--	--	1.97	4.12
	C-7	5.00	32.4	1.3	2.0	--	20.0	40.4	--	--	1.08	3.43
	C-8	6.20	32.7	1.7	1.0	--	14.4	44.2	--	--	0.69	5.31
过渡层	C-9	8.00	41.4	1.5	8.8	4.4	13.5	17.0	--	8.4	0.48	4.32
过渡层	C-10	9.00	41.3	2.2	11.5	8.4	13.8	13.3	--	3.5	0.04	5.99
母岩	C-11	10.50	40.4	2.0	17.2	13.1	4.7	10.0	--	5.5	0.12	5.32
？	C-oxide^b	?	18.5	--	--	--	18.1	6.9	--	--	--	0.19
页岩碎片	SS-1	0.00	43.0	5.8	--	9.6	19.8	18.1	--	--	0.97	0.97
	SS-2	0.00	41.3	8.0	--	--	21.2	19.5	10.0	--	1.09	1.27
	SS-3	0.00	37.8	9.4	--	--	20.1	12.7	4.0	--	16.09	0.49
	SS-4	0.00	39.3	6.0	--	--	15.0	18.4	8.9	--	11.14	1.34
注：“--”表示低于XRD的检测限，＜0.5%；“?”表示C-oxide样品为未知分层；a.石膏和黄铁矿的百分含量分别由硫酸盐、二硫化物的含量来修正；b.C-oxide含有56.5%针铁矿，未在表中列出.

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表 2 城口下寒武统黑色页岩主量元素和Ti元素百分比浓度及风化指标统计

Table 2. Concentrations of major elements and Ti, pH, chemical index values of black shale in profiles A, B, C, and SS at Chengkou County

序号	深度 (m)	ρ (g/cm³)	SiO₂ (%)	Al₂O₃ (%)	TFe₂O₃ (%)	K₂O (%)	Na₂O (%)	CaO (%)	MgO (%)	MnO (%)	P₂O₅ (%)	BaO (%)	SO₃ (%)	LOI (%)	^bTi (10^-6)	^dNa/K	^dK/Ca^*	^dAl/Na	ε_{Ti, w}	CIA	CIW	PIA	MWPI	^aICV
A-1	0.10	1.53	65.5	13.60	8.10	2.84	2.52	0.29	0.97	0.22	0.20	0.53	0.23	4.39	4 970	1.35	11.66	3.28	0.63	63.71	74.43	69.25	7.28	1.20
A-2	0.25	1.79	65.7	13.70	7.78	2.87	2.63	0.28	0.96	0.05	0.25	0.47	0.30	4.41	5 275	1.39	12.20	3.17	0.31	63.30	73.91	68.66	7.38	1.19
A-3	0.45	1.72	63.4	13.85	9.08	2.91	2.59	0.22	0.98	0.27	0.28	0.37	1.03	4.97	5 138	1.35	15.75	3.25	0.40	63.94	74.82	69.66	7.48	1.23
A-4	0.55	1.92	69.8	14.60	1.35	3.13	2.74	0.19	1.09	0.01	0.03	0.28	1.10	5.69	5 271	1.33	19.61	3.24	0.22	63.92	75.05	69.79	7.59	0.88
A-5	0.65	1.90	69.1	14.25	1.38	3.02	2.79	0.36	1.02	BDL	0.02	0.26	1.78	7.33	5 818	1.40	9.99	3.10	0.12	62.60	73.10	67.68	7.73	0.91
A-6	0.75	1.98	67.8	14.20	1.63	3.05	2.94	0.19	0.96	BDL	0.02	0.29	3.36	8.21	5 657	1.46	19.11	2.94	0.10	62.60	73.26	67.77	7.73	0.91
A-7	0.85	2.22	62.6	13.35	3.97	2.93	2.56	1.58	1.20	0.02	0.09	0.46	7.26	8.56	5 340	1.33	2.21	3.17	0.04	56.55	65.33	58.96	9.82	1.26
A-8	1.10	2.42	55.7	11.70	4.93	2.51	2.28	5.94	2.16	0.05	0.17	0.32	8.31	10.64	5 017	1.38	1.45	3.12	0.02	53.38	60.93	54.49	12.54	1.68
A-9	1.50	2.50	49.6	10.60	12.06	2.36	1.94	5.05	1.72	0.04	0.14	0.28	8.70	11.06	4 767	1.25	1.60	3.32	0.04	54.25	62.42	55.76	11.48	2.05
A-10	2.10	2.61	57.2	11.10	4.45	2.41	2.08	6.79	1.72	0.05	0.15	0.37	7.75	10.94	4 859	1.31	1.52	3.24	-0.02	54.01	61.86	55.37	11.06	1.57
A-11	3.00	2.65	52.3	11.75	9.93	2.63	2.22	3.80	2.49	0.05	0.18	0.33	6.25	10.76	4 670	1.28	1.56	3.22	0.00	53.65	61.67	54.93	13.34	2.01
B-1	0.50	1.67	69.7	9.85	3.92	2.06	0.66	3.48	1.20	0.02	1.34	1.02	0.40	5.02	3 542	0.49	4.11	9.07	0.34	69.12	81.94	77.82	5.39	1.08
B-2	1.00	1.90	69.9	6.98	2.87	1.62	0.56	3.65	0.94	0.01	0.60	0.65	0.26	8.80	2 486	0.53	3.81	7.58	0.67	66.00	79.12	73.94	4.48	1.18
B-3	1.50	1.88	67.4	8.76	3.49	2.09	0.42	2.85	1.30	0.02	0.65	1.60	0.70	11.70	3 234	0.31	6.55	12.68	0.30	70.62	86.37	82.46	5.24	1.11
B-4	2.00	1.75	74.7	9.34	3.50	2.16	1.41	0.66	0.86	BDL	0.15	0.48	0.33	5.91	4 355	0.99	3.90	4.03	0.04	61.46	72.63	66.55	5.49	1.16
B-5	2.50	1.82	67.2	11.75	3.72	2.80	0.55	0.77	1.52	0.01	0.17	1.66	0.86	8.09	3 834	0.30	6.70	12.99	0.13	70.82	86.65	82.81	6.35	1.00
B-6	3.20	1.72	66.0	12.10	5.94	2.80	1.96	0.12	1.03	0.01	0.12	0.41	8.24	8.88	4 275	1.06	27.78	3.75	0.08	65.15	77.85	72.49	6.63	1.13
B-7	4.00	1.98	60.8	10.25	3.55	2.51	1.29	5.76	1.70	0.03	0.17	0.95	5.93	10.11	3 764	0.78	2.56	4.83	0.06	59.55	70.72	63.96	8.87	1.39
B-8	4.80	2.14	59.7	13.00	4.42	3.11	1.84	3.74	2.04	0.03	0.20	0.52	7.00	9.01	4 916	0.90	2.22	4.29	-0.24	57.98	68.23	61.41	11.07	1.41
B-9	5.50	2.21	59.4	13.35	4.13	3.06	2.01	3.56	2.09	0.03	0.20	0.46	6.47	9.01	5 010	1.00	2.00	4.04	-0.28	57.36	66.87	60.28	11.52	1.40
B-10	6.20	2.38	59.7	13.35	4.13	3.01	2.29	4.00	1.94	0.04	0.19	0.50	5.83	8.37	4 886	1.16	1.73	3.54	-0.32	55.30	63.92	57.25	11.80	1.44
B-11	7.00	2.50	66.0	8.77	3.36	2.12	1.72	4.30	1.29	0.02	0.17	0.37	5.34	9.30	3 167	1.23	1.62	3.10	0.00	52.44	60.78	53.36	10.36	1.59
C-1	0.50	1.56	65.5	15.30	2.73	2.87	0.23	2.73	2.03	0.22	0.79	0.20	0.18	8.99	6 345	0.12	16.42	40.44	-0.44	79.84	95.29	94.16	5.55	0.79
C-2	1.00	1.49	70.5	16.60	1.33	3.19	0.30	0.31	0.74	0.02	0.04	0.83	0.30	5.01	5 611	0.14	13.99	33.64	-0.34	78.90	94.39	93.02	4.40	0.50
C-3	1.50	1.35	69.8	16.70	0.87	3.38	0.23	0.41	0.77	0.01	0.03	0.59	0.18	5.84	5 693	0.10	19.34	44.14	-0.29	79.09	95.67	94.52	4.48	0.48
C-4	2.00	1.43	68.7	17.50	1.48	3.55	0.21	0.31	0.86	0.01	0.04	0.55	0.16	5.42	5 689	0.09	22.25	50.66	-0.32	79.42	96.20	95.18	4.73	0.50
C-5	3.00	1.57	63.9	15.85	4.82	3.28	0.20	0.37	0.77	0.01	0.04	0.61	4.16	9.26	6 329	0.09	21.58	48.17	-0.48	79.82	97.20	96.42	4.61	0.63
C-6	4.00	1.79	60.5	15.20	6.73	3.08	0.20	0.63	1.02	0.14	0.14	0.63	5.25	10.60	4 867	0.10	20.27	46.20	-0.37	79.20	95.85	94.75	5.10	0.79
C-7	5.00	1.71	58.8	14.20	7.09	2.81	0.18	0.94	1.18	0.30	0.10	0.79	6.00	10.45	4 643	0.10	20.54	47.95	-0.30	79.62	96.00	94.96	5.23	0.87
C-8	6.20	1.86	56.9	14.85	9.91	3.02	0.20	0.35	0.78	0.03	0.08	0.46	6.10	11.61	4 627	0.10	19.87	45.13	-0.36	79.09	95.76	94.62	4.77	0.89
C-9	8.00	1.90	55.3	6.87	2.46	1.79	0.17	6.80	1.30	0.02	3.90	0.46	4.07	13.89	5 055	0.14	13.86	24.57	-0.42	73.34	92.47	89.82	5.35	1.14
C-10	9.00	2.45	53.6	6.45	2.71	1.66	0.18	8.00	1.84	0.02	1.74	0.35	4.18	17.53	2 831	0.16	12.14	21.78	-0.20	72.97	91.59	88.71	6.63	1.44
C-11	10.50	2.74	49.1	4.51	2.94	1.16	0.19	13.5	2.60	0.01	2.90	0.35	2.77	19.32	2 002	0.25	8.03	14.43	0.00	70.57	87.83	83.89	8.62	2.36
C-oxide	?	1.56	26.5	9.60	48.45	1.10	0.01	0.06	0.76	0.01	0.35	0.36	0.42	11.60	3 755	0.01	144.76	583.56	-0.44	88.70	99.66	99.61	3.54
SS-1	0		52.8	10.10	6.48	1.41	0.48	4.13	3.08	0.07	0.71	0.37	4.41	15.49	5 951	0.52	3.87	12.79		76.48	86.48	84.45	9.50	1.60
SS-2	0		45.1	8.47	22.18	1.30	0.79	1.04	0.82	0.03	2.15	1.50	2.76	15.21	5 508	0.92	2.17	6.52		67.89	76.52	73.10	5.78	2.51
SS-3	0		60.2	9.77	6.49	2.42	1.08	5.45	0.76	0.04	0.18	0.12	5.45	7.04	3 935	0.68	2.95	5.50		61.28	73.33	66.80	6.52	1.32
SS-4	0		55.4	12.60	6.24	2.79	0.65	4.01	0.99	0.02	0.16	1.10	9.28	8.77	5 201	0.35	5.65	11.78		70.95	85.49	81.75	6.48	1.00
UCC			66.0	15.20	5.00	3.40	3.90	4.20	2.20	0.06	0.50				^c0.50	1.74	1.15	2.37		47.93	54.22	47.31	14.48	1.70
PAAS			62.8	18.90	7.22	3.70	1.20	1.30	2.20	0.11	1.00				^c0.16	0.49	4.06	9.57		70.38	82.72	79.05	9.41	0.97
ES			57.9	13.80	7.73	2.50	0.95	12.95	2.13	0.30	0.89				^c0.75	0.58	3.46	8.83		70.29	81.53	78.02	8.75	1.24
NASC			62.6	17.09	6.26	3.49	2.32	3.85	3.00	0.12	0.27				^c0.91	1.01	1.98	4.48		59.96	69.13	63.56	12.98	1.41
注：各风化剖面的分层情况如表 1所示.UCC为上陆壳，PAAS为澳大利亚后太古代平均页岩，数据来自于Taylor and McLennan (1985)；ES为欧洲平均页岩，NASC为北美平均页岩，数据分别来自于Gromet et al.(1984)和MecLennan (1993).BDL表示低于检测限：＜0.01%.LOI表示为烧失量.a表示ICV=[(Fe₂O₃+K₂O+Na₂O+CaO^+MgO+MnO+TiO₂)/Al₂O₃]，运用各氧化物摩尔分数计算，CaO^只包括硅酸盐矿物中的Ca，计算原则来源于Cox et al.(1995).b表示Ti元素运用电感耦合等离子体质谱法 (ICP-MS) 进行测试.c表示UCC、PAAS、ES及NASC的Ti元素的单位为百分含量 (%).d表示Na/K，K/Ca^*和Al/Na比值都为分子摩尔比.

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表 3 城口黑色页岩各剖面质量迁移系数 (τ_{Ti, j}) 分布

Table 3. The τ_{Ti, j} values of major elements of black shale in profiles A, B, and C at Chengkou County

分层	序号	深度 (m)	τ_{Ti, j}
分层	序号	深度 (m)	Si	Al	Fe	K	Na	Ca	Mg	P	S	LOI
	A-1	0.10	0.18	0.09	-0.23	0.01	0.07	-0.93	-0.63	0.04	-0.97	-0.62
风化层	A-2	0.25	0.11	0.03	-0.31	-0.03	0.05	-0.93	-0.66	0.23	-0.96	-0.64
	A-3	0.45	0.10	0.07	-0.17	0.01	0.06	-0.95	-0.64	0.41	-0.85	-0.58
半风化层	A-4	0.55	0.18	0.10	-0.88	0.05	0.09	-0.96	-0.61	-0.85	-0.84	-0.53
	A-5	0.65	0.06	-0.03	-0.89	-0.08	0.01	-0.92	-0.67	-0.91	-0.77	-0.45
	A-6	0.75	0.07	0.00	-0.86	-0.04	0.09	-0.96	-0.68	-0.91	-0.56	-0.37
	A-7	0.85	0.05	-0.01	-0.65	-0.03	0.01	-0.64	-0.58	-0.56	0.02	-0.30
	A-8	1.10	-0.01	-0.07	-0.54	-0.11	-0.04	0.46	-0.19	-0.12	0.24	-0.08
过渡层	A-9	1.50	-0.07	-0.12	0.19	-0.12	-0.14	0.30	-0.32	-0.24	0.36	0.01
	A-10	2.10	0.05	-0.09	-0.57	-0.12	-0.10	0.72	-0.34	-0.20	0.19	-0.02
母岩	A-11	3.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	B-1	0.50	-0.06	0.00	0.04	-0.13	-0.66	-0.28	-0.17	6.05	-0.93	-0.52
风化层	B-2	1.00	0.35	0.01	0.09	-0.03	-0.59	0.08	-0.07	3.50	-0.94	0.21
	B-3	1.50	0.00	-0.02	0.02	-0.03	-0.76	-0.35	-0.01	2.74	-0.87	0.23
半风化层	B-4	2.00	-0.18	-0.23	-0.24	-0.26	-0.40	-0.89	-0.52	-0.36	-0.96	-0.54
	B-5	2.50	-0.16	0.11	-0.09	0.09	-0.74	-0.85	-0.03	-0.17	-0.87	-0.28
	B-6	3.20	-0.26	0.02	0.31	-0.02	-0.16	-0.98	-0.41	-0.48	0.14	-0.29
	B-7	4.00	-0.22	-0.02	-0.11	0.00	-0.37	0.13	0.11	-0.16	-0.07	-0.09
	B-8	4.80	-0.42	-0.05	-0.15	-0.05	-0.31	-0.44	0.02	-0.24	-0.16	-0.38
过渡层	B-9	5.50	-0.43	-0.04	-0.22	-0.09	-0.26	-0.48	0.02	-0.26	-0.23	-0.39
	B-10	6.20	-0.41	-0.01	-0.20	-0.08	-0.14	-0.40	-0.03	-0.28	-0.29	-0.42
母岩	B-11	7.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	C-1	0.50	-0.58	0.07	-0.71	-0.22	-0.62	-0.94	-0.75	-0.91	-0.98	-0.85
风化层	C-2	1.00	-0.49	0.31	-0.84	-0.02	-0.44	-0.99	-0.90	-1.00	-0.96	-0.91
	C-3	1.50	-0.50	0.30	-0.90	0.02	-0.57	-0.99	-0.90	-1.00	-0.98	-0.89
	C-4	2.00	-0.51	0.37	-0.82	0.08	-0.61	-0.99	-0.88	-1.00	-0.98	-0.90
	C-5	3.00	-0.59	0.11	-0.48	-0.11	-0.67	-0.99	-0.91	-1.00	-0.53	-0.85
半风化层	C-6	4.00	-0.49	0.39	-0.06	0.09	-0.57	-0.98	-0.84	-0.98	-0.22	-0.77
	C-7	5.00	-0.48	0.36	0.04	0.04	-0.59	-0.97	-0.80	-0.99	-0.07	-0.77
	C-8	6.20	-0.50	0.42	0.46	0.13	-0.54	-0.99	-0.87	-0.99	-0.05	-0.74
过渡层	C-9	8.00	-0.55	-0.40	-0.67	-0.39	-0.65	-0.76	-0.80	-0.47	-0.42	-0.72
过渡层	C-10	9.00	-0.23	0.01	-0.35	0.01	-0.33	-0.53	-0.50	-0.50	0.07	-0.36
母岩	C-11	10.50	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
？	C-oxide	?	-0.71	0.13	7.78	-0.49	-0.97	-1.00	-0.84	-0.94	-0.92	-0.68

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表 4 黑色页岩风化剖面中主量元素质量迁移通量 (mol/m²) 计算

Table 4. Mass fluxes (mol/m²) of major elements in three black shale weathering profiles

剖面	分层	深度 (m)	Si	Al	Fe	K	Na	Ca	Mg
A剖面	风化层	0~0.55	501	64	-105	0	14	-709	-215
	半风化层	0.55~1.50	118	-74	-503	-44	-17	-144	-361
	过渡层	1.50~3.00	194	-167	-433	-78	-82	815	-349
	总计	0~3.00	813	-177	-1 041	-122	-85	-38	-925
B剖面	风化层	0~2.00	-723	-65	-1	-84	-506	-762	-129
	半风化层	2.00~4.80	-8 750	-19	-17	-22	-536	-1 984	-155
	过渡层	4.80~7.00	-13 312	-91	-180	-90	-280	-1 483	-1
	总计	0~7.00	-22 785	-175	-198	-196	-1 322	-4 229	-285
C剖面	风化层	0~2.00	-12 812	361	-892	-109	-121	-14 834	-2 822
	半风化层	2.00~8.00	-39 617	1 356	-511	-51	-363	-43 494	-8 807
	过渡层	8.00~10.50	-6 937	-184	-383	-78	-64	-6 811	-1 521
	总计	0~10.50	-59 366	1 533	-1 786	-238	-548	-65 139	-13 150

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表 5 各种风化指标表达式

Table 5. Summary of weathering indices evaluated in this study

指标	计算公式	参考来源
CIA	[Al₂O₃/(Al₂O₃+CaO^*+Na₂O+K₂O)]×100	Nesbitt and Young (1982, 1984)
CIW	[Al₂O₃/(Al₂O₃+CaO^*+Na₂O)]×100	Harnois (1988)
PIA	[(Al₂O₃-K₂O)/ (Al₂O₃+CaO^*+Na₂O-K₂O)]×100	Fedo et al.(1995)
MWPI	[(Na₂O+K₂O+CaO^+MgO)/(Na₂O+K₂O+CaO^+MgO+SiO₂+Al₂O₃+Fe₂O₃)]×100	Vogel (1975)
注：上述各风化指标均运用氧化物的分子摩尔数计算，CaO^为硅酸盐矿物中的摩尔含量，不包括碳酸盐和磷酸盐矿物中的CaO含量；由于硅酸盐中的CaO与Na₂O通常以1:1的摩尔比例存在，所以当CaO的摩尔数大于Na₂O时，CaO^的分子摩尔等于Na₂O的分子摩尔，而小于Na₂O时则有m_CaO*=m_CaO(McLennan, 1993).

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