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    含煤盆地转化为含煤-含气(油)盆地的构造地质环境

    王庭斌 张亚雄 董立 张玉银

    王庭斌, 张亚雄, 董立, 张玉银, 2016. 含煤盆地转化为含煤-含气(油)盆地的构造地质环境. 地球科学, 41(2): 265-278. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.020
    引用本文: 王庭斌, 张亚雄, 董立, 张玉银, 2016. 含煤盆地转化为含煤-含气(油)盆地的构造地质环境. 地球科学, 41(2): 265-278. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.020
    Wang Tingbin, Zhang Yaxiong, Dong Li, Zhang Yuyin, 2016. Geotectonic Setting of Coal-Bearing Basins Being Transformed into Coal-and Gas-(Oil-) Bearing Basins. Earth Science, 41(2): 265-278. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.020
    Citation: Wang Tingbin, Zhang Yaxiong, Dong Li, Zhang Yuyin, 2016. Geotectonic Setting of Coal-Bearing Basins Being Transformed into Coal-and Gas-(Oil-) Bearing Basins. Earth Science, 41(2): 265-278. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.020

    含煤盆地转化为含煤-含气(油)盆地的构造地质环境

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.020
    详细信息
      作者简介:

      王庭斌(1936-),男,教授级高级工程师,从事石油与天然气地质研究.E-mail: tingbin_bj@sina.com

    • 中图分类号: P618.3

    Geotectonic Setting of Coal-Bearing Basins Being Transformed into Coal-and Gas-(Oil-) Bearing Basins

    • 摘要: 与含煤岩系相关大气田的开发是中国天然气储产量快速增长的主体,为了进一步阐明与含煤岩系相关大气田的勘探前景,在概述了已发现大气田分布特征的基础上,用实例总结了含煤-含气(油)盆地形成条件,明确指出虽然不同类型含煤盆地发展演化的构造地质环境不完全相同,但是所有含煤盆地能否转化成为含煤-含气(油)盆地的关键因素是相同的,即:含煤岩系沉积期间和含煤岩系沉积后是否以沉降为主,沉积期间及沉积后所经历的构造地质作用能否有效匹配.上述构造地质环境持续时间越长,各种构造地质作用有效匹配程度越好,越利于转化成为含煤-含气(油)盆地,越有利于形成大型气田.中国特定的构造地质环境决定了含煤岩系是中国最重要的气源岩,一些大中型含煤盆地是构造地质环境最优越的盆地,还有较大勘探潜力,仍然可以继续发现更多的大型煤成气田,是未来相当长一段时间内中国天然气产量持续快速增长的主要勘探方向.

       

    • 图  1  中国主要含煤盆地煤成气田(藏)成藏期示意

      Fig.  1.  Hydrocarbon accumulation periods of major coal-bearing basins in China

      图  2  鄂尔多斯盆地石炭纪-二叠纪含煤岩系生气强度与煤成大气田

      戴金星(2009)

      Fig.  2.  Gas genereation strength and coal-bearing fields of Carboniferous-Permian in Ordos basin

      图  3  中国主要盆地3层结构与2个门限深度差异

      Fig.  3.  The difference of three major basin types and two threshold depth in China

      图  4  四川盆地普光气田区气藏储盖层组合示意面

      马永生等(2010)

      Fig.  4.  Sketch showing reservoir and cap rocks assemblages of Puguang gas field in Sichuan basin

      图  5  新场气田气藏纵向分布

      Fig.  5.  Vertical distribution of gas reservoirs in Xingchang gas field, Sichuan basin

      图  6  东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷保俶斜坡剖面结构

      Fig.  6.  Structure profile of Baochu slope in Xihu sag, East China Sea shelf basin

      图  7  库车坳陷克拉2气田成藏事件

      周兴熙(2003)

      Fig.  7.  Hydrocarbon accumulation event of Kela 2 gas field in Kuqa depression

      表  1  中国大型、特大型气田

      Table  1.   Large and giant gas field in China

      气田规模主要气源气田名称
      特大型煤岩系苏里格气田和大牛地气田
      含煤岩系与海相层混源靖边气田和普光气田
      源自海相层塔中1气田
      大型源自含煤岩系榆林气田、子洲气田、乌审旗气田、神木气田、米脂气田、新场气田、安岳气田、广安气田、合川气田、八角场气田、洛带气田、邛西气田;克拉2气田、迪那2气田、大北1气田、大北气田、英迈7气田、克拉美丽气田、玛河气田、松辽气田、长岭1号气田、松南气田、龙深气田、春晓气田以及崖13-1气田
      含煤岩系与海相层混源元坝气田、大天池气田、罗家寨气田、磨溪气田、铁山坡气田、渡口河气田以及卧龙河气田
      含煤岩系与湖相层混源东方1-1气田、乐东22-1气田、荔湾3-1气田、番禹30-1气田、柯克亚气田、涩北1号气田、涩北2号气田、台南气田以及徐深气田(可能含有无机气)
      源自海相层威远气田、和田河气田以及塔河气田
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  5大含煤成气区与7套含煤岩系气源相关储量及其特大型、大型气田储量比例

      Table  2.   Gas reserves related to five major coal-related gas areas and seven sets of coal-bearing sequence and the percentage of large and giant gas field in China

      含煤岩系气源含煤成气区主要含煤盆地与煤成气相关气田特大型气田大型气田
      储量(108m3)比例(%)气田(个)储量(108m3)比例(%)气田(个)储量(108m3)比例(%)
      C2-P2华北区、西北区鄂尔多斯、准噶尔2897543.4232159274.526631521.86
      P3南方区四川989014.821376238.047520652.64
      T3南方区四川900012.197877897.53
      J1-2西北区塔里木、准噶尔859712.887665377.39
      J3-K1东北区松辽35015.254327993.66
      E-N海域区莺琼、东海、珠江口45786.866329171.89
      N-Q西北区柴达木三湖区30564.583287794.14
      小计全国与煤成气相关大气田储量61753100.00425 35441.06403639958.94
      注:数据源自国土资源部(2011,全国各油气田油气矿产探明储量表,北京),储量为约数.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  与含煤岩系相关的不同圈闭类型特大型、大型气田储量及储量丰度

      Table  3.   Statistics of reserves and reserve abundance of large and giant gas field of different coal related gas trap types

      圈闭类型气田规模
      特大型气田名称大型气田名称
      累计
      储量
      比例最大~最小储量丰度累计
      储量
      比例最大~最小
      储量丰度
      丰度平
      均值
      构造圈闭1025329.5659.05~2.2013.04(以
      特高-高为主)
      克拉2、迪那2、大北、大北1、英迈7、柯克亚、邛西、八角场、卧龙河、春晓、荔湾3-1、番禹30-1、崖13-1、乐东22-1、东方1-1以及玛河
      构造-岩性
      圈闭
      376214.8429.72(特高)普光883125.4628.80~2.0012.19(以
      特高-高为主)
      新场、广安、台南洛带、涩北1、涩北2、铁山坡、罗家寨、渡口河以及磨溪
      构造-火山
      机构圈闭
      457513.1928.80~7.7914.57(以
      特高-高为主)
      徐深、克拉美丽、长岭1号、松南以及龙深
      地层岩性圈闭469918.530.78(特低)靖边
      岩性圈闭1689366.631.38~2.41
      (低)
      苏里格、
      大牛地
      1103031.797.78~
      0.75
      2.31(以
      低为主)
      神木、米脂、榆林、子洲、乌审旗、合川、安岳、元坝以及洛带
      注:累计储量的单位是108m3;比例单位是%;丰度单位是108m3/km2.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  4  盆地类型与含煤岩系相关的大型、特大型气田储量

      Table  4.   Basin types and reserves of large and giant caol-related gas fields

      盆地(坳陷)克拉通内坳陷盆地类前陆盆地陆内坳陷盆地陆内断陷盆地陆缘断陷盆地
      鄂尔多斯26854(8)(1.21)
      川西2691(3)(6.23)
      四川川中2200(2)(3.07)6086(4)(3.20)
      川东北5291(4)(16.15)

      塔里木
      库车5993(5)(22.86)
      塔西南348(1)(17.98)
      准噶尔1366(2)(15.55)
      柴达木2878(3)(22.07)
      松辽3279(4)(17.45)
      东海西湖330(1)(17.12)
      珠江口白云775(2)(10.94)
      莺琼琼东南978(1)(17.94)
      莺歌海1208(2)(2.87)
      小计34345(14)(42.10)10398(11)(12.75)8964(7)(10.99)3279(4)(4.02)3291(6)(4.10)
      注:表中34345(14)(56.03) 含意为:探明储量(108m3)、大型及特大型气田数(个)和全国气层气储量中的百分比(%);川东的卧龙河、大池干井气田未统计在内;数据王庭斌(2004a).
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  5  成藏期盆地演化特征与特大型、大型煤成气田关系

      Table  5.   The relationship between evolution features of various coal-bearing basins and large and giant coal-related gas fields

      类型特大型+大型特大型大型
      原型盆地-转化后
      盆地类型
      气田数
      (个)
      累计储量
      (108m3)
      比例
      (%)
      气田数
      (个)
      累计储量
      (108m3)
      比例
      (%)
      气田数
      (个)
      累计储量
      (108m3)
      比例
      (%)
      克拉通内坳陷82685443.4932159285.165526214.45
      克拉通内坳陷-高陡构造带214772.3921 4774.06
      克拉通内坳陷-陆内坳陷17021.1417021.93
      克拉通坳陷-类前陆5678910.991376214.84430278.32
      类前陆111039816.84111039828.57
      陆内断陷-坳陷432795.31432799.01
      陆内坳陷7896314.517896324.62
      陆缘断陷-坳陷632915.33632919.04
      小计4461753100.00425354100.004036399100.00
      下载: 导出CSV
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