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    豫西渑池寒武系第三统馒头组核形石中的Girvanella

    代明月 齐永安 张喜洋 李妲

    代明月, 齐永安, 张喜洋, 李妲, 2016. 豫西渑池寒武系第三统馒头组核形石中的Girvanella. 地球科学, 41(6): 919-930. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.078
    引用本文: 代明月, 齐永安, 张喜洋, 李妲, 2016. 豫西渑池寒武系第三统馒头组核形石中的Girvanella. 地球科学, 41(6): 919-930. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.078
    Dai Mingyue, Qi Yong'an, Zhang Xiyang, Li Da, 2016. Girvanella in Oncoids from the Mantou Formation (Cambrian Series 3), Mianchi, Western Henan. Earth Science, 41(6): 919-930. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.078
    Citation: Dai Mingyue, Qi Yong'an, Zhang Xiyang, Li Da, 2016. Girvanella in Oncoids from the Mantou Formation (Cambrian Series 3), Mianchi, Western Henan. Earth Science, 41(6): 919-930. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.078

    豫西渑池寒武系第三统馒头组核形石中的Girvanella

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.078
    基金项目: 

    国家自然科学基金项目 41472083

    河南省基础与前沿项目 112300413213

    高校博士点基金博导类联合课题 20114116110001

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      代明月(1984-),女,博士研究生,现从事地球生物学研究.E-mail: mingyuedai@outlook.com

      通讯作者:

      齐永安,E-mail: qiya@hpu.edu.cn

    • 中图分类号: P534.41

    Girvanella in Oncoids from the Mantou Formation (Cambrian Series 3), Mianchi, Western Henan

    • 摘要: 寒武纪微生物岩中的Girvanella化石在地层中广泛分布,这为微生物参与微生物岩的形成提供了更直观的证据.豫西渑池地区寒武系第三统馒头组二段碳酸盐岩中发育了数量丰富的微生物岩类型——核形石,其核心、纹层及围岩中保存的Girvanella丝状体化石具有密度大、完整度高的特点.对核形石的微观分析表明,其核心、包壳等各个部位均大量保存有Girvanella丝状体.这些丝状体为任意弯曲、不分节、不分枝的管状集合体,单管直径约为20 μm,最大延伸长度约为400 μm.核形石核心以丝状体包绕的灰泥团块或砾屑为特征,局部可见丝状体包绕生物碎屑成核;包壳内的丝状体多出现在暗色纹层中,其分布表现为缠绕叠覆、穿层、凸起和匍匐(或水平状)这4种方式.在核形石的任意部位,Girvanella丝状体均具有相似的分布形式,表明它们的生长条件是相似的.核形石中Girvanella丝状体的大量出现与其形成于低能的滨岸鲕粒滩滩间或滩后低洼地带有关,这种低能条件对Girvanella的生长及保存十分有利.对研究区核形石中的Girvanella化石在微生物岩中的分布特征、微组构等的进一步研究将为寒武纪其他微生物岩的成因及微生物与环境的相互作用提供重要实证.

       

    • 图  1  地质背景、地层序列及核形石特征

      a.华北地台寒武纪第三世毛庄期沉积相分布,据冯增昭等(1990)修改;b.渑池地区寒武系第三统馒头组二段含核形石地层序列;c~f馒头组二段下部含核形石层;c.野外露头剖面;d.野外露头平面;e.独立的核形石个体;f.核形石中的明暗纹层

      Fig.  1.  Geological background, stratigraphic succession and the features of oncoids

      图  2  Girvanella微结构特征及丝状体在核形石核心中的分布

      a和b.核形石中的Girvanella丝状体;c.以生物介壳为核心的核形石;d和e为c的细节显微照片,其中黄色箭头部分为c中核形石核心内生物介壳及其边缘的微生物钻孔;f.以碎屑团块为核心的核形石;g和h为f的细节显微照片,其中黄色箭头所指为f中核心中内碎屑团块中的石英颗粒、生物碎屑、丝状体碎片等;i.以丝状体团块为核心的核形石; j和k为i核心内相互缠绕的Girvanella丝状体(G:Girvanella缩写)

      Fig.  2.  The microfabrics and distribution of Girvanella filaments in the core of oncoids

      图  3  Girvanella丝状体在核形石包壳中的分布

      a~d为核形石纹层中丝状体的4种分布方式;a.缠绕叠覆方式, 多见于内圈层;b.穿层方式, 多见于圈层中部;c.凸起方式, 多见于圈层中部;d.匍匐或水平方式, 多见于外圈层;a’~d’分别为4种方式的素描

      Fig.  3.  The distribution of Girvanella filaments in the cortex of oncoids

      图  4  Girvanella丝状体在核形石间围岩中的分布

      a, b.核形石之间分布的包绕生物介壳的丝状体,表现为不连续,无规律;c, d.核形石之间的丝状体团块,表现为小而有一定磨圆的团块状

      Fig.  4.  The distribution of Girvanella filaments in the sediments among oncoids

      图  5  核形石中的Girvanella丝状体SEM微观形态

      a.SEM低倍下密集分布的丝状体集合;b为a的高倍照片;c, e, g.SEM下Girvanella管状纵切面;d, f, h.SEM下Girvanella管状横截面;b, e, f中可见管壁为自形程度较高的细小的方解石颗粒

      Fig.  5.  SEM microstructure of Girvanella filaments in the oncoids

      图  6  Girvanella丝状体管壁、管心及围岩矿物的EDS结果

      Fig.  6.  EDS spectrum of minerals in the wall and core of Girvanella filamentous tube and the matrix

      图  7  Girvanella丝状体的生长与核形石的形成

      Fig.  7.  The growth of Girvanella filaments and the formation of oncoids

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    • 收稿日期:  2015-12-06
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