小秦岭东桐峪金矿床黄铁矿LA-ICP-MS微量元素特征及其成矿意义

毕诗健; 李占轲; 唐克非; 高凯

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2016.093

小秦岭东桐峪金矿床黄铁矿LA-ICP-MS微量元素特征及其成矿意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.093

1.
中国地质大学资源学院，湖北武汉 430074
2.
成都理工大学地球科学学院，四川成都 610051
3.
河南省地矿局第一地质矿产调查院，河南洛阳 471023

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 91514303

基本科研业务费专项资金项目 CUG120102

国家自然科学基金项目 41202052

详细信息

作者简介:
毕诗健(1982-)，男，讲师，博士，主要从事矿床学研究.E-mail: Shijianbi_1982@163.com

中图分类号: P61
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-09-25
- 刊出日期: 2016-07-15

LA-ICP-MS In Situ Trace Element Analysis of Pyrite from Dongtongyu Gold Deposit and Its Metallogenic Significance, Xiaoqinling Gold District

1.
Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610051, China
3.
No.1 Institute of Geological & Mineral Resources Survey of Henan, Luoyang 471023, China

摘要

摘要: 位于华北克拉通南缘的小秦岭地区是我国仅次于胶东的大型金矿床集中区，但金矿床的成矿物质来源及成因问题一直存在较大争议.以华北南缘小秦岭矿集区东桐峪金矿床中的黄铁矿作为研究对象，在黄铁矿显微结构研究的基础上利用LA-ICP-MS对黄铁矿的微量元素进行原位分析，为进一步认识东桐峪金矿床及区内其他同类型矿床的成因提供新的资料和制约.东桐峪金矿床的黄铁矿从早到晚依次划分为3个世代(PyⅠ、PyⅡ和PyⅢ).PyⅠ主要形成于粗粒黄铁矿-石英阶段，颗粒粗大且自形程度高，呈星点状或斑点状赋存于乳白色石英脉中.PyⅡ主要形成于石英-中细粒黄铁矿阶段，呈半自形-他形结构且裂隙发育，常被晚期石英、多金属硫化物、自然金等矿物充填.PyⅢ主要形成于多金属硫化物阶段，常呈他形粒状结构与黄铜矿、方铅矿及闪锌矿等硫化物密切共生.LA-ICP-MS分析结果显示，PyⅠ中As平均含量为16.63×10^-6，Au、Ag和Te含量较低且常位于检测限以下；相较而言，PyⅡ中As含量稍低，而Au、Ag和Te含量略高(其中Au含量为0.10×10^-6~0.59×10^-6)；PyⅢ中Au、Ag和Te含量差异较大且显著升高，其中Au、Te含量最高可达35.58×10^-6和79.79×10^-6，而As含量较低且大部分数值低于检测限；不同世代黄铁矿的Co/Ni比值基本上都大于1，且PyⅢ的Co、Ni含量和Co/Ni比值明显低于PyⅡ和PyⅠ.以上结果表明，东桐峪金矿床的载金矿物黄铁矿中As的含量很低，金的富集与As无关；不同世代的黄铁矿中Au、Ag和Te之间存在显著且稳定的线性正相关关系，暗示金矿化与Te关系密切.另外，第3世代黄铁矿(PyⅢ)中Au、Ag及Te存在显著富集，指示Te(而不是As)在金和银的迁移、搬运、富集、沉淀等过程中具有重要作用.华北克拉通南缘小秦岭地区晚中生代大规模的金成矿作用及金矿床中普遍存在Te-Au-Ag矿物，且黄铁矿中As含量低、Te含量高等特征，暗示该区金矿床的成矿物质/成矿流体可能来自深部岩浆的脱挥发分或地幔脱气作用，而与区域变质作用的关系不大.
- LA-ICP-MS /
- 黄铁矿 /
- 碲 /
- 东桐峪金矿床 /
- 小秦岭 /
- 微量元素 /
- 矿床地质
Abstract: Situated in the southern margin of the North China craton, the Xiaoqinling district is one of the most important gold metallogenic belts and has been the second largest gold producer in China. Although most gold deposits have been extensively studied, issues related to the source of the ore materials and fluids remain debated. This paper presents a study of the distribution characteristics of trace elements in gold-bearing pyrite to explore the source of ore-forming materials, the precipitation mechanism and ore genesis. The Dongtongyu lode gold deposit is the important deposit in Xiaoqinling and pyrite is the predominant sulfide mineral. Three generations of pyrite were identified, broadly corresponding to the three mineralization stages, and termed as the first generation, second generation and third generation (PyⅠ, PyⅡ and PyⅢ). The first generation (PyⅠ) is mainly present as isolations or as aggregate masses dispersed in milky quartz veins, consisting of coarse-grained, euhedral to subhedral crystals. The second generation (PyⅡ) pyrite occurs as veins or veinlets generally associated with light gray quartz or cutting milky quartz. Many grains are porous and contain abundant micro-fractures that are usually filled with later-stage quartz, other sulfide minerals and free gold. The third generation (PyⅢ) pyrite is commonly intergrown with other sulfide minerals including chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) results show that the average content of As in PyⅠ is 16.63×10^-6, and the contents of Au, Ag and Te are low and often below detection limit. In contrast to PyⅠ, the content of As in PyⅡ is relatively lower, and that of Au, Ag and Te are slightly higher. Particularly, the stage PyⅢ exhibits distinguished compositions and significantly enriched in Au (up to 35.58×10^-6), Ag and Te (up to 79.79 ×10^-6), but with most of the content of As blow the detection limits. Moreover, The Co/Ni ratios of pyrite in different generations are basically > 1, and the contents of Co, Ni and Co/Ni in PyⅢ are much lower than those in PyⅡ and PyⅠ. The results show that As is always below or only marginally higher than the detection limits, and plays an insignificant role in gold mineralization. There is prominently positive correlation relationship between Au, Ag, and Te in the third generation of pyrite (PyⅢ), indicating that tellurium is closely related with gold and silver. Moreover, significant Au, Ag and Te are enriched in the PyⅢ, highlighting the role of Te as important scavengers in transfer, transport, enrichment and precipitation of gold and silver. An intimate Te-Au-Ag association has been widely noticed in widespread gold mineralization in Xiaoqinling gold district, and low-As, high-Te in pyrite, suggesting that the ore-forming materials and ore-forming fluids of the gold deposits may have come from the deep magma devolatilization or mantle degassing, rather than being involved with the regional metamorphism.
- LA-ICP-MS /
- pyrite /
- tellurium /
- Dongtongyu gold deposit /
- Xiaoqinling /
- trace element /
- ore geology

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图 1 华北克拉通南缘小秦岭金矿区域地质和金矿床分布

据黎世美等(1996)

Fig. 1. The regional geology and distribution of gold deposits in the Xiaoqinling district, southern margin of the North China Craton

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图 2 东桐峪金矿床地质特征及金矿脉分布

1.太华群斜长角闪片麻岩；2.黑云母花岗岩；3.基性岩脉；4.含金石英脉及编号

Fig. 2. Geological map showing the distribution of the gold ore-bodies and simplified geology of the Dongtongyu gold deposit

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图 3 东桐峪金矿床矿体地质特征

a.含金石英脉矿体，包括硫化物团块及不同产状的细脉状、网脉状黄铁矿沿石英脉裂隙充填；b.矿体呈舒缓波状，局部膨大狭缩；c.含金石英脉体呈条带状展布，矿化连续稳定；d.含金石英脉体下盘发生强烈的围岩蚀变作用，黄铁矿呈浸染状分布在蚀变岩型矿体中；e.大量碎裂的围岩团块被石英胶结，局部发生强烈的热液蚀变作用，黄铁矿主要分布在蚀变围岩与石英的接触部位.Qz.石英；Py.黄铁矿

Fig. 3. The geological characteristics of ore bodies from Dongtongyu gold deposit

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图 4 东桐峪金矿床围岩蚀变特征

a.围岩发生强烈的钾长石化，并有晚期石英脉体穿插，局部有绿泥石化、黄铁矿化等蚀变作用；b.捕虏的围岩角砾发生强烈的绢云母化、黄铁矿化；c.黄铁矿、方铅矿等矿物呈稠密浸染状分布在强烈绢云母化、硅化的蚀变岩石中；d.黄铁绢英岩，经过强烈的黄铁矿化、绢云母化及硅化，绢云母颗粒较粗；e.强烈绢云母化蚀变，绢云母与黄铁矿密切共生，局部并见黄铁矿颗粒包裹绢云母集合体、石英等矿物；f.绢云母化、硅化及黄铁矿化蚀变作用，存在晚期石英脉穿插早期绢云母集合体.Kf.钾长石；Chl.绿泥石；Ser.绢云母；Qz.石英；Py.黄铁矿；Gn.方铅矿

Fig. 4. The characteristics of wall rock alteration in Dongtongyu gold deposit

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图 5 东桐峪金矿床中不同世代黄铁矿的结构、形态及分布特征

a~c.粗粒第1世代黄铁矿(PyⅠ)晶体，以自形、立方体晶形呈斑点状散布于乳白色石英中；d~f.中细粒第2世代黄铁矿(PyⅡ)呈半自形—他形，细脉状、网脉状等分布于烟灰色石英脉中，该世代黄铁矿碎裂尤为发育，形成众多裂隙被石英等矿物胶结；g~i.中细粒第3世代黄铁矿(PyⅢ)与黄铜矿、方铅矿及闪锌矿等硫化物密切共生，黄铁矿颗粒中常存在其他硫化物的包裹体，如方铅矿、黄铜矿等；图c, e, f, i中位于黄铁矿颗粒内的圆圈为激光剥蚀产生的剥蚀坑；Py.黄铁矿；PyⅠ.第1世代黄铁矿；PyⅡ.第2世代黄铁矿；PyⅢ.第3世代黄铁矿；Cpy.黄铜矿；Ccp.黄铜矿；Gn.方铅矿；Sp.闪锌矿；Qz.石英

Fig. 5. Photographs and reflected-light photomicrographs showing different textures and morphologies of different generations of pyrites from Dongtongyu gold deposit

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图 6 东桐峪金矿床不同世代黄铁矿中微量元素的LA-ICP-MS剥蚀曲线

Fig. 6. Time-resolved laser ablation depth-profiles of representative grains of different stage pyrites from Dongtongyu gold deposit

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图 7 东桐峪金矿床第3世代(PyⅢ)黄铁矿中Au与Ag-Te-As的相关关系

Fig. 7. Au, Ag, Te, and As absolute cps values for the third generation (PyⅢ) pyrites from Dongtongyu gold deposit

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图 8 东桐峪金矿床不同世代黄铁矿中不同元素的LA-ICP-MS图解

Fig. 8. Time-resolved laser ablation depth-profiles of representative grains of pyrites

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图 9 东桐峪金矿床第1世代(PyⅠ)黄铁矿中Co、Ni元素在黄铁矿颗粒中的分布及含量

Fig. 9. The distribution and absolute contents of Co and Ni from the first generation of pyrites in the Dongtongyu gold deposit

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图 10 东桐峪金矿床不同世代黄铁矿中Co-Ni、Au-Ag、Au-Te、Au-As含量及相关性

Fig. 10. The absolute contents and correlationship between Co and Ni, Au and Ag, Au and Te, Au and As from the different generations of pyrites in the Dongtongyu gold deposit

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表 1 小秦岭东桐峪金矿床不同世代黄铁矿LA-ICP-MS微量元素分析结果

Table 1. Trace elements analysis for different generations of pyrites from Dongtongyu gold deposit, Xiaoqinling

样品编号	黄铁矿世代	微量元素含量(10^-6)
样品编号	黄铁矿世代	Co	Ni	As	Au	Ag	Te	Cu	Pb	Zn
DT43-1	PyⅠ	112.15	9.33	0.68	0.06	0.15	0.20	0.33	0.14	-
DT43-2	PyⅠ	301.58	39.62	1.01	-	-	0.06	0.28	0.04	-
DT43-3	PyⅠ	12.60	1.17	39.20	-	-	0.48	-	0.05	-
DT43-4	PyⅠ	0.17	0.06	40.40	-	-	0.15	-	0.02	0.19
DT43-5	PyⅠ	1.17	1.08	-	0.01	0.03	0.43	2.68	0.08	0.28
DT43-6	PyⅠ	0.61	0.39	-	-	-	0.78	0.62	0.01	-
DT43-7	PyⅠ	7.81	4.40	1.86	0.04	0.05	0.02	0.64	1.21	-
DT65-1	PyⅡ	134.26	9.69	0.98	0.40	0.66	0.65	0.37	0.36	0.22
DT65-2	PyⅡ	1.21	1.11	-	0.30	0.64	1.41	38.56	0.38	0.29
DT65-3	PyⅡ	150.76	15.04	21.08	0.59	48.05	0.17	57.13	5.35	2.27
DT65-4	PyⅡ	72.67	60.11	0.99	0.16	3.54	1.49	2.72	1.29	0.39
DT65-5	PyⅡ	13.31	10.08	-	0.18	0.96	0.85	3.79	0.15	-
DT65-6	PyⅡ	126.13	18.59	12.97	0.10	0.89	-	4.58	0.10	0.20
DT65-7	PyⅡ	77.80	47.88	10.94	0.12	1.11	-	23.15	8.78	-
DT42-1	PyⅢ	3.65	3.26	0.80	35.58	109.94	79.79	38.45	16.17	4.96
DT42-2	PyⅢ	3.47	3.24	0.72	13.30	39.20	29.18	121.68	8.72	3.21
DT42-3	PyⅢ	1.47	0.82	-	1.33	3.79	2.43	3.82	1.15	0.30
DT42-4	PyⅢ	5.87	5.71	-	4.36	14.26	6.98	11.90	2.10	3.91
DT42-5	PyⅢ	0.59	0.40	-	5.84	127.16	17.81	48.34	0.98	2.68
DT42-6	PyⅢ	1.21	1.33	-	13.76	6.43	23.82	2.22	20.70	-
DT42-7	PyⅢ	1.24	1.15	-	3.57	9.11	7.84	1.93	30.31	-
注：-代表检测限以下.

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