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    万安盆地生物礁及碳酸盐台地的发育演化及控制因素

    杨振 张光学 张莉

    杨振, 张光学, 张莉, 2016. 万安盆地生物礁及碳酸盐台地的发育演化及控制因素. 地球科学, 41(8): 1349-1360. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.107
    引用本文: 杨振, 张光学, 张莉, 2016. 万安盆地生物礁及碳酸盐台地的发育演化及控制因素. 地球科学, 41(8): 1349-1360. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.107
    Yang Zhen, Zhang Guangxue, Zhang Li, 2016. The Evolution and Main Controlling Factors of Reef and Carbonate Platform in Wan'an Basin. Earth Science, 41(8): 1349-1360. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.107
    Citation: Yang Zhen, Zhang Guangxue, Zhang Li, 2016. The Evolution and Main Controlling Factors of Reef and Carbonate Platform in Wan'an Basin. Earth Science, 41(8): 1349-1360. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.107

    万安盆地生物礁及碳酸盐台地的发育演化及控制因素

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.107
    基金项目: 

    国家海洋地质保障工程项目 GZH20120511

    国家基金委南海重大计划-重点基金项目 91228208

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      杨振(1984-),男,在站博士后,主要从事碳酸盐岩深水油气研究.E-mail: yangzhen011043@163.com

      通讯作者:

      张光学,E-mail: zhguangxue@tom.com

    • 中图分类号: P736

    The Evolution and Main Controlling Factors of Reef and Carbonate Platform in Wan'an Basin

    • 摘要: 生物礁及碳酸盐台地是南海南部重要的油气储层之一,但目前对万安盆地生物礁的识别及碳酸盐台地沉积相带的划分尚不够深入.基于钻井和地震数据对该区的生物礁及碳酸盐台地进行了精细刻画,万安盆地中生物礁及碳酸盐台地的发育可分为4个演化阶段:早中新世时期,碳酸盐台地初始发育,台地规模小、数量少,零星分布于盆地中部;中中新世台地发育进入繁盛阶段,主要分布于北部隆起、中部隆起及隆起周缘的斜坡之上,横向上呈东、西带状展布,此时期的生物礁以台地边缘礁和块状礁为主;至晚中新世时期,碳酸盐台地开始衰退,而生物礁类型全、数量多,包括台地边缘礁、块状礁、塔礁、点礁等;上新世以来,生物礁及碳酸盐台地全面被淹没,盆地内部不再有生物礁及碳酸盐台地的发育.构造作用和相对海平面变化控制了碳酸盐台地的发育演化过程,古近纪基底断裂产生的地形控制了生物礁及碳酸盐台地初始发育位置及后期发育的空间分布,晚中新世以来的快速沉降和相对海平面变化控制了台地的衰退及淹没过程.

       

    • 图  1  南海南部主要沉积盆地分布及研究区位置

      据中华人民共和国(1:500 000) 地图,中国地图出版社,2013

      Fig.  1.  The location of main sedimentary basins and the studying area in the southern South China Sea

      图  2  万安盆地构造区划及测线、钻井分布

      Ⅰ.北部坳陷;Ⅱ.北部隆起;Ⅲ.中部坳陷;Ⅳ.中部隆起;Ⅴ.南部坳陷;Ⅵ.东部隆起;Ⅶ.东部坳陷;Ⅷ.西北断阶带;Ⅸ.西部坳陷;Ⅹ.西南斜坡;据吕彩丽等(2011)修改

      Fig.  2.  Tectonic divisions of Wan'an basin and the locations of seismic lines and wells mentioned in the text

      图  3  万安盆地综合地层柱状图

      杨木壮等(2003)

      Fig.  3.  The integrated stratigraphic column of Wan' an basin

      图  4  万安盆地北部钻井联井对比

      Fig.  4.  The association of wells on north of Wan' an basin

      图  5  万安盆地南部钻井联井对比

      金庆焕等(2001)杨楚鹏等(2011)修改

      Fig.  5.  The association of wells on south of Wan' an Basin

      图  6  万安盆地北部典型的生物礁碳酸盐台地地震剖面

      剖面位置见图 2

      Fig.  6.  Typical seismic profile of reefs and carbonate platform in north of Wan'an basin

      图  7  万安盆地中部典型的生物礁碳酸盐台地地震剖面

      剖面位置见图 2

      Fig.  7.  Typical seismic profile of reefs and carbonate platform in center of Wan'an basin

      图  8  万安盆地中南部典型的生物礁碳酸盐台地地震解释剖面

      剖面位置见图 2

      Fig.  8.  Typical seismic profile of reefs and carbonate platform in center and south of Wan'an basin

      图  9  万安盆地南部典型的生物礁碳酸盐台地地震剖面

      剖面位置见图 2

      Fig.  9.  Typical seismic profile of reefs and carbonate platform in south of Wan'an basin

      图  10  万安盆地生物礁碳酸盐台地的时空分布

      a.初始发育阶段;b.繁盛阶段;c.衰退阶段

      Fig.  10.  The space-time distribution of reef and carbonate platform in Wan'an basin

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