Geochemical Characteristics of Crude Oil and Oil-Source Correlation in the Western Fushan Depression
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摘要: 福山凹陷是北部湾盆地的重要含油气单元，是一个“小而肥”的富生烃凹陷.充分利用烃源岩和原油的有机地球化学等分析测试数据，针对凹陷内研究较少的西部地区的原油进行地化特征分析，进而研究该区油气藏的油源.研究结果显示凹陷西部原油主要为轻质油，族组分以高饱和烃和芳烃含量、低非烃+沥青质含量为特点.凹陷西部的原油生油母质为陆源高等植物和低等水生生物的混合来源，为陆相湖盆混合型母质特征，不同区块不同层段原油的生油母质具有一定的差别.研究区生油母质沉积环境为偏淡水氧化沉积环境的湖沼相，结合原油成熟度，可将研究区原油划分为3类：(1) 美台-红光流三上段原油，具有“中等成熟度，低奥利烷含量”特征；(2) 永安流一上段原油，具有“高成熟度，高奥利烷含量”特征；(3) 朝阳流一上段原油，具有“低成熟度，中等奥利烷含量”特征.进一步油源对比结果显示，美台-红光地区流三段原油来自流三段和流二下段烃源岩，而永安地区的流一段烃源岩为永安地区的原油提供油源.Abstract: Fushan depression is a small and resource-rich petroltferous depression, and becomes one of the significant petroleum units in Beibuwan Basin. Making full use of organic geochemical data from source rock and oil, the paper focuses on the geochemical characteristics of crude oil in the western Fushan depression which few documents mentioned, and probes into the source of typical reservoirs. It is shown that the petroleum is mainly light oil with high content of saturated hydrocarbon and aromatic and low content of asphaltene and non-hydrocarbon matter. The kerogen is made up of terrestrial higher plants mixed with lower aquatic organisms, and is typical of the hybrid sources just as that of continental basin. The feature of kerogen from different area and layers are diversity. The sedimentary environment is partial oxidation and freshwater lacustrine. Combined with maturity of petroleum, the crude oil can be classified as three categories. The first class of oil is characteristic of medium maturity and low content of Ol occurred in the upper part of Third Member of Liushagang Formation (Els3). The second class is found in upper part of First Member in Liushanggang Formation (Els1) in Yong'an area, with high maturity and high content of Oleane (Ol). The third class also comes from upper part of Els1 in Chaoyang area, and its maturity is low with the medium content of Ol. Further studies on the oil-source correlation indicated that the oil in Els3 originates from the source rock in the Els3 and lower part of Els2 in Meitai and Hongguang area, and the source rock from Els1 in Yong'an area is the main oil source for the oil in Els1.
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Key words:
- Fushan depression /
- Liushagang Formation /
- crude oil /
- biomarker /
- oil-source correlation /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 北部湾盆地福山凹陷构造格架及岩性柱状图
a.构造格架；b.岩性柱状图
Fig. 1. The tectonic framework and lithological column of Fushan depression in Beibuwan basin
图 2 福山凹陷西部地区原油饱和烃的气相色谱(TIC)以及m/z 191和217质谱图
Fig. 2. The gas chromatograms and m/z 191 and 217 mass fragmentograms of saturated hydrocarbon in crude oil from the western Fushan depression
图 3 福山凹陷西部地区原油C27-C28-C29 R规则甾烷三角图
Fig. 3. The triangle diagram of C27-C28-C29 R regular steranes of crude oil in the western Fushan depression
图 4 福山凹陷西部地区原油生标参数相关图
Fig. 4. The biomarker correlation of crude oil in the western Fushan depression
图 5 美台地区M1井油-源的生物标志化合物分布谱图
Fig. 5. The spectrum of biomarker of oil and exctracted oil from well M1 in Meitai area
图 6 美台-红光地区生标参数油-源对比
Fig. 6. The oil and source correlation by biomarker parameters in the Meitai and Hongguang area
图 7 美台-红光地区原油和源岩抽提物的族组分碳同位素δ13C值分布
Fig. 7. The distribution of carbon isotope of family component in oil and extracted oil from Meitai and Hongguang area
图 8 永安地区油-源的生物标志物分布图谱
Fig. 8. The spectrum of biomarker of oil and source rock from Yong'an area
图 9 永安地区原油和源岩抽提物的族组分碳同位素δ13C值分布
Fig. 9. The distribution of carbon isotope of family component in oil and extracted oil from Yong'an area
表 1 福山凹陷西部地区原油物性及族组分统计
Table 1. The physical property and component of crude oil in the western Fushan depression
地区 井号 深度(m) 层位 比重
(20℃)粘度
(cp)凝固点
(℃)含硫
(%)含蜡
(%)饱和烃
(%)芳烃
(%)沥+非烃
(%)饱芳比 永安 A1 2 952.0~2 994.0 Els1上 0.82 2.05 19.00 0.04 / 82.16 12.03 5.81 6.83 A2 3 081.2~3 019.2 Els1上 0.80 1.27 9.00 0.06 6.98 83.33 12.56 4.10 6.63 朝阳 C1 2 466.6~2 525.4 Els1上 / / / / / 77.84 13.40 8.76 5.81 C2 2 498.2~2 509.0 Els1上 0.84 5.33 30.00 0.10 4.80 76.06 14.40 9.53 5.28 F1 2 605.0~2 698.2 Els1上 0.84 4.21 28.00 0.13 3.60 76.76 16.22 7.03 4.73 美台 T1 3 084.0~3 086.0 Els3上 0.83 3.32 26.00 0.32 13.49 73.30 15.34 11.36 4.78 T2 3 011.8~3 047.6 Els3上 0.84 7.31 27.80 0.09 21.67 72.39 19.02 8.59 3.81 T4 3 208.2~3 275.8 Els3上 0.82 2.44 29.00 0.09 15.05 67.72 12.17 20.11 5.56 T4-1 3 459.6~3 493.4 Els3上 0.84 7.04 35.00 0.07 2.20 81.94 11.81 6.25 6.94 T5-1 3 150.0~3 160.1 Els3上 / / / / / 81.79 10.33 7.88 7.92 T5 3 217.3~3 219.0 Els3上 / / / / / 83.96 9.80 6.24 8.57 T6X 2 628.2~2 631.0 Els3上 / / / / / 82.89 11.09 6.02 7.47 红光 G5 2 725.4~2 775.0 Els3上 0.81 1.71 18.00 0.06 5.60 84.02 8.98 7.00 9.36 G3X 2 504.0~2 513.4 Els3上 0.81 / 21.00 0.04 8.66 79.62 14.63 5.75 5.44 G5-1 2 725.4~2 775.0 Els3上 0.83 / / 0.11 9.53 77.48 7.34 15.19 10.56 
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表 2 山凹陷西部地区原油生物标志物参数
Table 2. The biomarker parameters of oil in the western Fushan depression
地区 井位 深度(m) 层位 Pr/
PhPr/
nC17Ph/
nC18C21-/
C22+CPI OEP C27-
ααα-RC28-
ααα-RC29-
ααα-RC29R/
C27RC29ββ/
(αα+ββ)C29S/
(R+S)Ts/
(Ts+Tm)C29Ts/
(C29Ts+C29H)C30DH/
C30HOl/
C30HGa/
C30HC29H/
C30H永安 A1 2 952.0~2 994.0 Els1上 3.46 0.56 0.18 0.44 1.20 1.21 0.25 0.25 0.50 2.00 0.48 0.54 0.62 0.31 0.18 0.59 0.03 0.51 A2 3 081.2~3 019.2 Els1上 3.97 0.51 0.16 / 1.15 / 0.25 0.18 0.57 2.28 0.48 0.42 0.50 0.27 0.19 0.70 0.06 0.51 朝阳 C1 2 466.6~2 525.4 Els1上 3.69 0.88 0.25 1.00 1.23 1.05 0.42 0.22 0.36 0.86 0.4 0.23 0.47 0.27 0.08 0.19 0.06 0.52 C2 2 498.2~2 509.0 Els1上 1.13 0.21 0.21 0.72 1.05 1.07 0.44 0.20 0.37 0.84 0.38 0.33 0.53 0.30 0.11 0.40 0.06 0.50 F1 2 605.0~2 698.2 Els1上 3.45 0.78 0.26 0.46 1.24 / 0.37 0.11 0.52 1.41 0.3 0.46 0.51 0.29 0.11 0.38 0.02 0.46 美台 T1 3 084.0~3 086.0 Els3上 3.45 0.68 0.21 0.74 1.22 / 0.33 0.12 0.55 1.39 0.34 0.62 0.58 0.36 0.15 0.11 0.13 0.57 T2 3 011.8~3 047.6 Els3上 3.68 0.60 0.19 0.88 1.22 / 0.35 0.16 0.49 1.67 0.33 0.52 0.58 0.34 0.14 0.11 0.14 0.59 T4 3 208.2~3 275.8 Els3上 17.49 0.48 0.03 4.25 1.21 1.19 0.34 0.18 0.48 1.41 0.41 0.56 0.46 0.53 0.13 0.08 0.09 0.39 T4-1 3 459.6~3 493.4 Els3上 3.99 0.80 0.20 0.62 1.19 1.36 0.46 0.24 0.34 0.74 0.48 0.46 0.58 0.42 0.24 0.18 0.11 0.65 T5 3 217.3~3 219.0 Els3上 4.06 0.60 0.16 0.96 1.17 1.46 0.39 0.21 0.41 1.05 0.43 0.55 0.60 0.41 0.21 0.16 0.03 0.65 T5-1X 3 150.0~3 212.2 Els3上 10.06 0.47 0.05 4.12 1.15 1.13 0.13 0.14 0.73 5.42 0.41 0.53 0.62 0.36 0.23 0.16 0.03 0.57 T6X 2 628.2~2 631.0 Els3上 4.24 0.61 0.15 0.97 1.17 1.43 0.42 0.21 0.40 0.95 0.47 0.45 0.58 0.40 0.22 0.19 0.13 0.67 红光 G5 2 628.2~2 631.0 Els3上 4.35 0.46 0.11 1.28 1.13 / 0.41 0.23 0.36 0.90 0.48 0.47 0.70 0.42 0.35 0.29 0.13 0.41 G3X 2 725.4~2 775.0 Els3上 4.64 0.58 0.13 1.06 1.16 / 0.39 0.21 0.41 1.05 0.50 0.42 0.58 0.43 0.24 0.23 0.12 0.56 G5-1 2 504.0~2 513.4 Els3上 4.38 0.72 0.19 1.51 1.21 / 0.45 0.19 0.35 0.78 0.47 0.40 0.61 0.46 0.25 0.19 0.10 0.52
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