Achievements, Issues and Prospects in Study of Martian Paleolakes
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摘要: 火星表面的古湖泊地貌能够反映火星古气候和古环境的特征及变化，对于研究火星是否曾经存在宜居环境具有重要意义.随着中国火星探测计划的提出和实施，详细了解火星古湖泊的研究进展尤为重要.总结了火星古湖泊的研究现状，重点阐述了当前对火星古湖泊的沉积地貌、矿物成分、形成年龄、分布特征等方面的研究进展.在综合分析前人研究成果的基础上，提出火星古湖泊研究中存在的主要问题，认为未来应着重在古湖泊的详细调查与地质填图、古湖泊的后期改造作用、其他类型古湖泊的识别分析以及火星与地球古湖泊的对比等方面开展研究.Abstract: Paleolakes on Martian surface have attracted great interests of researchers as they contain information on ancient aqueous environment of Mars and are important for the detection of habitable environment on Mars. With the implementing of Chinese Mars exploration program, it's of great significances to review the achievements in Martian paleolake study. We summarize the sedimentary geomorphology, mineral compositions, activity periods and global distribution of the paleolakes. On this basis, we discussed the unresolved questions in paleolake study and proposed that future studies should focus on the detailed investigation and geologic mapping of paleolakes, post-lacustrine modification processes, identification of other paleolake types and the comparative study of Martian and terrestrial paleolakes.
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Key words:
- Mars /
- paleolake /
- remote sensing /
- geomorphology /
- sediments /
- planetary geology
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图 1 火星全球古湖泊分布
标有AT和XT的白色虚线范围内分别为第1类封闭系统古湖泊高度集中的阿拉伯高地(Arabia Terra)和赞西高地(Xanthe Terra).底图为火星轨道器激光高度计(mars orbiter laser altimeter，MOLA)高程图；据Goudge et al.(2015)
Fig. 1. Global distribution of martian paleolakes
图 2 耶泽洛撞击坑及与之相连的峡谷(a)和耶泽洛撞击坑内的湖相三角洲(b)
图a底图为MOLA高程图像叠加在热辐射成像系统(thermal emission imaging system，THEMIS)日间影像上，黑色箭头指示的两条峡谷为水流入的通道，白色箭头指示的峡谷为水流出的通道；图b底图为背景相机(context camera，CTX)影像，编号为D14_032794_1989_XN_18N282W
Fig. 2. Jezero crater and its inlet and outlet valleys (a) and lacustrine delta in Jezero crater (b)
图 3 火星古湖泊中的阶地(a)、层状沉积(b)以及暴露的湖底沉积物质(c)
a.174.1°W, 14.2°S, THEMIS日间影像；b.位于特贝撞击坑(Terby Crater)，74.3°E, 27.5°S, CTX影像：B02_010259_1522_XI_27S285 W；c.1.8°W, 4.4°S，CTX影像：P11_005291_1758_XN_ 04S001 W
Fig. 3. Terraces (a), layered deposits (b) and exposed floor materials (c) in martian paleolakes
图 4 古湖泊的模式年龄图(a)及年龄分布(b)
图a据Fassett and Head(2008b)，模式年龄单位为Ga，图中白点指示古湖泊，黄色区域指示开展了撞击坑统计的河谷系统
Fig. 4. Model ages (Ga)(a) and age distribution (b) of some paleolakes
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