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    东昆仑与成矿有关的三叠纪花岗岩演化:基于莫河下拉岩体岩石学、地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学的证据

    张炜 周汉文 朱云海 毛武林 佟鑫 马占青 曹永亮

    张炜, 周汉文, 朱云海, 毛武林, 佟鑫, 马占青, 曹永亮, 2016. 东昆仑与成矿有关的三叠纪花岗岩演化:基于莫河下拉岩体岩石学、地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学的证据. 地球科学, 41(8): 1334-1348. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.520
    引用本文: 张炜, 周汉文, 朱云海, 毛武林, 佟鑫, 马占青, 曹永亮, 2016. 东昆仑与成矿有关的三叠纪花岗岩演化:基于莫河下拉岩体岩石学、地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学的证据. 地球科学, 41(8): 1334-1348. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.520
    Zhang Wei, Zhou Hanwen, Zhu Yunhai, Mao Wulin, Tong Xin, Ma Zhanqing, Cao Yongliang, 2016. The Evolution of Triassic Granites Associated with Mineralization within East Kunlun Orogenic Belt: Evidence from the Petrology, Geochemistry and Zircon U-Pb Geochronology of the Mohexiala Pluton. Earth Science, 41(8): 1334-1348. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.520
    Citation: Zhang Wei, Zhou Hanwen, Zhu Yunhai, Mao Wulin, Tong Xin, Ma Zhanqing, Cao Yongliang, 2016. The Evolution of Triassic Granites Associated with Mineralization within East Kunlun Orogenic Belt: Evidence from the Petrology, Geochemistry and Zircon U-Pb Geochronology of the Mohexiala Pluton. Earth Science, 41(8): 1334-1348. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.520

    东昆仑与成矿有关的三叠纪花岗岩演化:基于莫河下拉岩体岩石学、地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学的证据

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.520
    基金项目: 

    中国地质调查局地质调查工作项目 1212011086001

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      张炜(1990-),男,硕士研究生,岩石学、矿物学、矿床学专业.E-mail: zhangwei_9010@163.com

      通讯作者:

      周汉文,E-mail: hwzhou@cug.edu.cn

    • 中图分类号: P581

    The Evolution of Triassic Granites Associated with Mineralization within East Kunlun Orogenic Belt: Evidence from the Petrology, Geochemistry and Zircon U-Pb Geochronology of the Mohexiala Pluton

    • 摘要: 东昆仑造山带在三叠纪不仅是一个重要的构造-岩浆带,也是一个对于国民经济非常重要的多金属成矿带.该区在三叠纪形成了大量与成矿有关的花岗岩,它们之间的联系、与区域构造运动的关系目前尚未明确.在莫河下拉银多金属矿花岗斑岩岩相学、地球化学和锆石年代学的研究基础上,总结了东昆仑地区三叠纪与成矿有关花岗岩的基本特征,并探讨了它们的演化规律.结果表明:(1) 东昆仑与成矿有关的三叠纪花岗岩年龄为250~200 Ma,具有一个由低K系列-中K钙碱性系列向高K系列-钾玄岩系列过渡的明显趋势,240~200 Ma,A/NK比值由2.00降到1.00;(2)(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.710~0.715,εNd(t)值为-0.6~0.0,εHf(t)主要集中在-5~1,峰值为-2~-1,表明东昆仑与成矿有关三叠纪花岗岩物质主要来源于古老的地壳物质,同时有少量的幔源物质加入;(3) 东昆仑地区在240 Ma进入后造山阶段,出现大规模的钙碱性花岗岩,220 Ma之后花岗岩大量减少,210~204 Ma出现的花岗岩以碱性A型花岗岩为主,标志着碰撞造山结束进入到板内裂解阶段.

       

    • 图  1  中国西部的主要构造单元(a)、东昆仑造山带3个亚带划分(b)和东昆仑造山带P-T花岗岩与三叠纪矿产分布(c)

      矿点:① 埃坑徳勒斯特钼铜多金属矿;② 虎头崖景忍铅锌多金属矿;③ 卡而却卡铜多金属矿;④ 哈日扎铜钼多金属矿;⑤ 尕林格铁矿;⑥ 克妥铜钼多金属矿;⑦ 哈陇休玛钨钼矿;⑧ 加当根铜钼多金属矿;⑨ 鸭子沟铜钼多金属矿;⑩ 漠河下拉银铅锌多金属矿;⑪ 乌兰乌珠儿铜矿;⑫ 于沟子铁-稀有金属矿.年龄出处同表 1表 2.图a据姜春发等(1992)修改;图c据Huang et al.(2014) 修改

      Fig.  1.  Major tectonic units of West China (a), three sub-tectonic zones of the East Kunlun orogenic belt (b) and distribution of P-T granites and the Triassic mineral of the East Kunlun orogenic belt (c)

      图  2  莫河下拉银多金属矿矿区地质简图

      1.第四系冲洪积物;2.晚泥盆世牦牛山组;3.古元古代金水口岩群;4.晚侏罗世钾长花岗岩;5.晚三叠世二长花岗岩;6.晚三叠世斑状二长花岗岩;7.晚三叠世闪长岩;8.晚三叠世钾长花岗岩;9.晚泥盆世辉长岩;10.铜矿脉;11.锌矿脉;12.银矿脉;13.断层;14.推测断层;15.采样钻孔位置及钻孔编号

      Fig.  2.  Geology sketch of Mohexiala silver poly-metallic ore

      图  3  莫河下拉花岗斑岩手标本及显微照片

      a.钻孔11MZK08花岗斑岩岩心照片;b.钻孔12MZK1500花岗斑岩岩心照片;c.花岗斑岩斜长石斑晶显微照片(正交);d.花岗斑岩钾长石斑晶显微照片(正交).矿物代号缩写:Kf.钾长石;Pl.斜长石;Bi.黑云母;Ep.绿帘石

      Fig.  3.  Photos of samples and photomicrographs under plane polarized light of Mohexiala granite-porphyry

      图  4  东昆仑与成矿有关三叠纪花岗岩K2O-SiO2(a)和A/NK-A/CNK(b)关系

      图a据Rickwood(1989);图b据Maniar and Piccoli(1989);数据来源同表 1

      Fig.  4.  K2O-SiO2 (a) and A/NK-A/CNK (b) relations of the East Kunlun Triassic granites associated with mineralization

      图  5  东昆仑与成矿有关三叠纪花岗岩微量元素蛛网图(a)与稀土元素配分曲线(b)

      200~210 Ma期间是根据一组数据绘制的曲线,而210~220 Ma、220~230 Ma和230~240 Ma期间均是根据多组数据构成的范围图框;原始地幔和球粒陨石标准化值据Sun and McDonough(1989);数据来源同表 1

      Fig.  5.  Trace elements spider diagram (a) and REE pattern (b) of East Kunlun Triassic granites associated with mineralization

      图  6  莫河下拉花岗斑岩锆石CL照片

      Fig.  6.  CL images of zircons of Mohexiala granite-porphyry

      图  7  莫河下拉花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图

      Fig.  7.  Zircon U-Pb concordia diagram of Mohexiala granite-porphyry

      图  8  东昆仑与成矿有关三叠纪花岗岩(87Sr/86Sr)i-εNd(t)关系(a)和锆石εHf(t)分布(b)

      图a数据引自于丰成友等(2012)高永宝(2013).图b:1.虎头崖239 Ma二长花岗岩;2.尕林格234 Ma石英二长岩;3.卡而却卡B矿区234 Ma花岗闪长岩;4.尕林格228 Ma石英二长闪长岩;5.虎头崖224 Ma花岗闪长岩;6.于沟子210 Ma钾长花岗岩;数据来自于高永宝(2013)

      Fig.  8.  (87Sr/86Sr)i-εNd(t) relation (a) and zircon εHf(t) distribution (b) of East Kunlun Triassic granites associated with mineralization

      图  9  东昆仑与成矿有关三叠纪花岗岩R1-R2和SiO2-Mg#关系

      a图据Batchelor and Bowden(1985)R1=4Si-11(Na+K)-2(Fe+Ti),R2=6Ca+2Mg+Al;b图据Stern and Kilian(1996);引用数据来源同表 1

      Fig.  9.  R1-R2 and SiO2-Mg# relations of East Kunlun Triassic granites associated with mineralization

      图  10  东昆仑与成矿有关三叠纪花岗岩构造判别图解

      VAG.火山弧花岗岩;Syn-COLG.同碰撞花岗岩;Post-COLG.后碰撞花岗岩;WPG.板内花岗岩;ORG.洋脊花岗岩.底图据Boynton(1983);引用数据来源同表 1

      Fig.  10.  Tectonic discrimination diagram of East Kunlun Triassic granites associated with mineralization

      表  1  东昆仑与成矿有关三叠纪花岗岩统计

      Table  1.   Statistics of East Kunlun Triassic granites associated with mineralization

      序号 位置 矿种 岩石 年龄(Ma) 年龄测试方法 出处
      1 埃坑德勒斯特 钼铜矿 花岗斑岩 248.0±1.0 锆石LA-ICP-MS 许庆林,2014
      2 虎头崖景忍 铅锌多金属矿 二长花岗岩 239.7±0.8 锆石LA-ICP-MS 高永宝,2013
      3 卡而却卡 铜多金属矿 花岗闪长岩 237.0±2.0 锆石SHRIMP 王松等,2009
      4 虎头崖 铅锌多金属矿 含暗色包体花岗闪长岩 235.4±1.8 锆石LA-ICP-MS 丰成友等,2011
      5 哈日扎 铜钼多金属矿 花岗闪长斑岩 234.5±4.8 锆石LA-ICP-MS 宋忠宝等,2013
      6 尕林格 铁矿 石英二长岩 234.4±0.6 锆石LA-ICP-MS 高永宝,2013
      7 卡而却卡B矿区 铜多金属矿 花岗闪长岩 234.4±0.6 锆石LA-ICP-MS 高永宝,2013
      8 卡而却卡B矿区 铜多金属矿 花岗闪长岩的暗色包体 234.1±0.6 锆石LA-ICP-MS 高永宝,2013
      9 托克妥 铜钼多金属矿 二长花岗斑岩 232.5±0.9 锆石LA-ICP-MS 夏锐等,2014
      10 托克妥 铜钼多金属矿 花岗闪长斑岩 232.6±1.2 锆石LA-ICP-MS 夏锐等,2014
      11 哈陇休玛 钨钼矿 花岗闪长斑岩 230.0±1.0 锆石LA-ICP-MS 许庆林,2014
      12 尕林格 铁矿 含暗色包体花岗岩 229.0±1.0 锆石LA-ICP-MS 于淼,2013
      13 尕林格 铁矿 石英二长闪长岩 228.3±0.5 锆石LA-ICP-MS 高永宝,2013
      14 加当根 铜钼矿 花岗闪长斑岩 227.0±1.0 锆石LA-ICP-MS 许庆林,2014
      15 卡而却卡 似斑状二长花岗岩 227.3±1.8 锆石SHRIMP 丰成友等,2012
      16 虎头崖景忍 铅锌多金属矿 花岗闪长岩 224.3±0.6 锆石LA-ICP-MS 高永宝,2013
      17 鸭子沟 多金属矿 钾长花岗斑岩 224.0±1.6 锆石SHRIMP 李世金等,2008
      18 莫河下拉 银铅锌多金属矿 花岗斑岩 222.0±1.0 锆石LA-ICP-MS 许庆林,2014
      19 长山 钾长花岗岩 219.9±1.3 锆石SHRIMP 丰成友等,2012
      20 虎头崖 铅锌多金属矿 二长花岗岩 219.2±1.4 锆石LA-ICP-MS 丰成友等,2011
      21 乌兰乌珠儿 斑岩铜矿 花岗斑岩 215.1±4.5 锆石SHRIMP 佘宏全等,2007
      22 于沟子 铁-稀有金属矿 (碱性)钾长花岗岩 210.0±0.6 锆石LA-ICP-MS 高永宝,2013
      23 虎头崖景忍 铁多金属矿 正长花岗岩 204.1±2.6 锆石SHRIMP 刘云华等,2006
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  东昆仑三叠纪花岗岩矿床统计

      Table  2.   Statistics of East Kunlun Triassic granites mineral deposits

      序号 位置 矿种 矿石 年龄(Ma) 年龄测试方法 出处
      1 虎头崖 铅锌多金属矿 铜多金属矿石 225.0±4.0 辉钼矿Re-Os 丰成友等,2011
      2 虎头崖 铅锌多金属矿 钼矿石 230.0±4.7 辉钼矿Re-Os 丰成友等,2011
      3 鸭子沟 多金属矿 辉钼矿 224.7±3.4 辉钼矿Re-Os 李世金等,2008
      4 卡而却卡 铜多金属矿 辉钼矿 245.5±1.6 辉钼矿Re-Os 高永宝,2013
      5 卡而却卡 铜多金属矿 辉钼矿 239.0±11.0 辉钼矿Re-Os 丰成友等,2009
      6 加当根 铜钼矿 辉钼矿 227.2±1.9 辉钼矿Re-Os 向鹏等,2011
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  莫河下拉花岗斑岩主量元素(%)、微量和稀土元素(10-6)分析结果

      Table  3.   Major elements (%), trace elements and rare earth elements (10-6) concentrations of Mohexiala granite-porphyry

      样品号 11MZK08
      TW1
      12MZK1500
      TW04
      12MZK1500
      TW03
      SiO2 65.8 68.7 66.9
      TiO2 0.34 0.32 0.34
      Al2O3 14.1 15.3 15.0
      Fe2O3 3.82 3.06 3.71
      MnO 0.19 0.04 0.07
      MgO 0.58 0.63 0.66
      CaO 1.64 1.92 1.81
      Na2O 2.16 4.13 3.96
      K2O 5.88 4.36 4.37
      P2O5 0.11 0.10 0.11
      BaO 0.12 0.10 0.09
      Total 100.7 100.2 99.9
      LOI 3.63 1.42 2.35
      A/CNK 1.09 1.02 1.03
      A/NK 1.42 1.33 1.33
      K2O/Na2O 2.72 1.06 1.10
      Mg# 23.2 29.1 26.2
      K 4.88 3.62 3.63
      P 480 436 480
      Ti 2 040 1 920 2 040
      Ba 1110 852 783
      Ce 85.1 79.1 78.3
      Cr <10 <10 <10
      Cs 7.32 7.64 8.25
      Dy 3.46 3.21 3.16
      Er 1.96 2.04 2.00
      Eu 1.04 0.89 0.86
      Ga 15.0 17.4 16.9
      Gd 3.77 3.33 3.44
      Hf 7.30 7.10 7.00
      Ho 0.71 0.66 0.70
      La 43.4 41.1 40.9
      Lu 0.34 0.35 0.33
      Nb 11.9 11.5 11.5
      Nd 27.5 25.7 26.0
      Pr 8.12 7.58 7.64
      Rb 264 184 221
      Sm 4.83 4.45 4.51
      Sn 40.0 15.0 18.0
      Sr 125 340 251
      Ta 1.20 1.10 1.10
      Tb 0.63 0.57 0.58
      Th 18.1 17.8 17.5
      Tm 0.32 0.31 0.30
      U 5.31 5.08 5.05
      V 17.0 18.0 17.0
      W 721 524 574
      Y 19.7 19.5 19.9
      Yb 2.00 2.16 2.07
      Zr 253 242 242
      (La/Yb)N 15.6 13.6 14.2
      R1 2 142 2 011 1 933
      R2 481 538 521
      Y+Yb 21.7 21.6 21.9
      Sr/Y 6.3 17.4 12.6
      Ba/Th 61.3 47.8 44.7
      Nb/Zr 0.05 0.05 0.05
      Rb/Sr 2.11 0.54 0.88
      Rb/Ba 0.24 0.22 0.28
      Y+Nb 31.6 31.0 31.4
      Yb+Ta 3.20 3.26 3.17
      ∑REE 183 171 170
      LREE 169 158 158
      HREE 13.1 12.6 12.5
      LREE/HREE 12.8 12.5 12.5
        注:LOI为烧失量,单位为%;Mg#=Mg2+/(Mg2++Fe2+);A/CNK=Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O+K2O)(摩尔数比);A/NK=Al2O3/(Na2O+K2O)(摩尔数比);R1=4Si-11(Na+K)-2(Fe+Ti);R2=6Ca+2Mg+Al;(La/Yb)N标准化数据来自于Sun and McDonough(1989).
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  4  莫河下拉银多金属矿花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果

      Table  4.   LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircons dating results of Mohexiala granite-porphyry

      分析点号 Th(10-6) U(10-6) Th/U 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 年龄(Ma) 谐和度(%)
      207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ
      12MZK1500TW03-01 124 203 0.61 0.238 9 0.013 1 0.035 1 0.000 5 218 11 222 3 97
      12MZK1500TW03-02 133 222 0.60 0.242 6 0.014 3 0.035 5 0.000 5 221 12 225 3 98
      12MZK1500TW03-03 162 251 0.65 0.256 1 0.012 6 0.034 4 0.000 4 231 10 218 3 94
      12MZK1500TW03-04 132 230 0.57 0.247 3 0.013 6 0.034 9 0.000 4 224 11 221 3 98
      12MZK1500TW03-05 118 208 0.57 0.250 5 0.013 9 0.034 8 0.000 5 227 11 221 3 97
      12MZK1500TW03-06 100 180 0.55 0.251 0 0.017 2 0.034 8 0.000 5 227 14 220 3 96
      12MZK1500TW03-07 96 174 0.55 0.247 8 0.015 7 0.035 1 0.000 6 225 13 223 4 99
      12MZK1500TW03-08 120 219 0.55 0.242 3 0.013 5 0.035 0 0.000 5 220 11 222 3 99
      12MZK1500TW03-09 106 189 0.56 0.245 3 0.015 0 0.035 2 0.000 5 223 12 223 3 99
      12MZK1500TW03-10 88 132 0.66 0.253 8 0.019 2 0.035 1 0.000 6 230 16 222 4 96
      12MZK1500TW03-11 110 206 0.54 0.251 1 0.014 5 0.035 0 0.000 6 228 12 222 3 97
      12MZK1500TW03-12 133 228 0.58 0.251 8 0.013 4 0.034 5 0.000 5 228 11 218 3 95
      12MZK1500TW03-13 124 208 0.59 0.241 5 0.015 2 0.035 3 0.000 5 220 12 224 3 98
      12MZK1500TW03-14 115 204 0.56 0.230 5 0.013 0 0.034 6 0.000 5 211 11 219 3 95
      12MZK1500TW03-15 116 204 0.57 0.232 3 0.013 4 0.035 1 0.000 5 212 11 223 3 95
      12MZK1500TW03-16 148 223 0.66 0.251 9 0.012 1 0.034 8 0.000 5 228 10 221 3 96
      12MZK1500TW03-17 118 210 0.56 0.261 8 0.013 2 0.034 9 0.000 4 236 11 221 3 93
      12MZK1500TW03-18 121 213 0.57 0.255 4 0.013 5 0.035 7 0.000 5 231 11 226 3 97
      12MZK1500TW03-19 87 161 0.54 0.233 4 0.015 2 0.034 8 0.000 5 213 13 220 3 96
      12MZK1500TW03-20 95 174 0.54 0.241 4 0.013 3 0.034 9 0.000 5 220 11 221 3 99
      12MZK1500TW03-21 111 168 0.66 0.240 1 0.018 8 0.035 0 0.000 5 218 15 222 3 98
      12MZK1500TW03-22 130 231 0.56 0.243 8 0.013 3 0.035 0 0.000 5 222 11 222 3 99
      12MZK1500TW03-23 109 191 0.57 0.246 4 0.015 4 0.035 1 0.000 5 224 13 222 3 99
      12MZK1500TW03-24 66 130 0.51 0.242 2 0.019 5 0.034 6 0.000 5 220 16 220 3 99
      12MZK1500TW03-25 99 176 0.56 0.231 5 0.017 1 0.034 3 0.000 5 211 14 217 3 97
      12MZK1500TW03-26 104 194 0.54 0.250 1 0.013 5 0.034 6 0.000 5 227 11 219 3 96
      12MZK1500TW03-27 111 201 0.55 0.235 4 0.013 7 0.035 5 0.000 5 215 11 225 3 95
      12MZK1500TW03-28 102 187 0.55 0.243 2 0.015 8 0.034 9 0.000 5 221 13 221 3 99
      12MZK1500TW03-29 86 148 0.58 0.242 6 0.018 3 0.034 9 0.000 5 221 15 221 3 99
      12MZK1500TW03-30 104 197 0.53 0.236 7 0.013 9 0.034 8 0.000 5 216 11 221 3 97
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    • 收稿日期:  2016-03-08
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