Genesis Mechanism and Characteristics of Submarine Channel: A Case Study of the First Member of Yinggehai Formation in Ledong Area of Yinggehai Basin
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摘要: 海底水道不但是沉积物搬运过程中从源到汇的关键环节，而且由于其中常常发育可作为良好油气储层的砂岩，近年来已成为深水沉积学研究的热点之一.基于莺歌海盆地乐东区新采集的三维地震资料和钻井资料，在建立了该区莺歌海组一段四级层序地层格架基础上，深入剖析了每个四级层序低位体系域内海底水道发育特征及其影响因素，构建了海底水道演化模式.研究结果表明，该区由于构造稳定、物源供给充足，高频海平面变化得以被沉积物记录下来，因此，可被识别出体系域发育齐全的多个四级层序，且在每个四级层序低位体系域内都发育了大量海底水道，具体包括斜坡水道和轴向水道两种类型，它们总体具有汇聚型特征.海底水道演化过程中受相对海平面变化、构造活动和沉积作用过程影响，呈现出数量逐渐减少、规模逐渐变小的特征.这些被快速沉积速率所记录下来的高频海平面变化及海底水道演化特征，为更好地理解可作为良好油气储层的海底水道的成因机制及其控制因素提供了良好的范例.Abstract: The submarine channel is one of the important targets for deep water hydrocarbon exploration as well as the key point for the investigation into source and sink. Based on the newly acquired 3D seismic data and 3 boreholes in the Ledong area of the Yinggehai basin, the sequence stratigraphic framework for the first member of the Yinggehai Formation is set up. The development of every fourth-order sequence is derived by the enough sediment supply and high frequency sea-level changes under stable tectonic setting. The submarine channels occur in lowstand systems of every fourth-order sequence, which can be classified into slope channel and axial channel. Furthermore, the evolution of submarine channels is described, such as flowing through the lower topography with a convergent system, being reworked by mass-transport deposits (MTDs) and diapirs. Controlled by the sediment supply, high-frequency sea-level fluctuation and regional tectonic activities, the number and scale of submarine channels gradually decrease. The recorded high-frequency sea-level fluctuation by high sedimentary rate in Ledong area makes it possible to better understand the evolution and controlling factors of submarine channels, which facilitates future hydrocarbon exploration.
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Key words:
- submarine channel /
- fourth-order sequence /
- Yinggehai basin /
- petroleum geology.
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图 1 莺歌海盆地区域地质位置、构造划分及周围水系发育
Fig. 1. Regional geological sketch and the surrounding drainage systems of the Yinggehai basin
图 2 莺歌海盆地莺歌海组一段层序发育特征
Fig. 2. The strata and infilling sequences in the first member of the Yinggehai Formation of the Yinggehai basin
图 3 莺歌海盆地乐东区莺歌海组一段L2井层序单元划分和沉积体系
L2井位置见图 1
Fig. 3. The division of sequence stratigraphic units and comprehensive analysis of depositional systems of well L2 in the first member of the Yinggehai Formation in the Ledong area of the Yingghehai basin
图 4 莺歌海组一段四级层序及海底水道地震反射特征
LST．低位体系域；TST．海侵体系域；HST．高位体系域；ffs．初始海泛面；mfs．最大海泛面；剖面位置见图 1所示
Fig. 4. Seismic reflections of submarine channels and fourth-order sequences in the first member of the Yinggehai Formation
图 5 莺歌海组一段层序地层格架及相对海平面变化特征
Fig. 5. The sequence stratigraphic framework and relative sea-level changes in the first member of the Yinggehai Formation
图 6 莺歌海盆地乐东区莺歌海组一段海底水道剖面形态特征
a.“U”型水道；b.“V”型水道；c.“W”型水道；剖面位置见图 1
Fig. 6. The morphological classification of submarine channels in the first member of the Yinggehai Formation in the Ledong area of the Yingghehai basin
图 7 莺歌海组一段各亚段沉积微相
a.Ⅱ2-ygh14沉积微相图；b.Ⅱ2-ygh13沉积微相图；c.Ⅱ2-ygh12沉积微相图；d.Ⅱ2-ygh11沉积微相图；图a～d地震属性分别为沿S27、S25、S24和S23的沿层切片
Fig. 7. Each formation of the sedimentary microfacies in the first member of the Yinggehai Formation
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