Origin of Lacustrine Dolomitic Rocks of the Lower Cretaceous Tengge'er Formation in Anan Sag, Erlian Basin
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摘要: 二连盆地阿南凹陷下白垩统腾格尔组发育一套湖相的富含致密油云质岩段，包括云质泥岩、云质沉凝灰岩和云质砂岩，但这类云质岩中的白云石岩石学特征及成因尚不明确.通过岩心、薄片、扫描电镜及碳氧同位素分析，将云质岩中的白云石分为两类：(1) 分布在纹层状和星点状云质泥岩或云质沉凝灰岩的非平直晶面、半自形微粉晶白云石；(2) 分布在块状云质沉凝灰岩或云质砂岩的非平直-平直晶面、自形粉细晶白云石.两类白云石的成因机制不同：(1) 半自形微粉晶白云石具偏高的δ13CPDB值(平均为5.4‰)，主要受产甲烷菌的代谢活动影响，其δ18OPDB值负偏移量较小(平均为-13.0‰)，计算形成温度约50~75 ℃，推测为成岩早期成因白云石，Mg2+离子主要来源于富火山灰的凝灰物质大量水解.(2) 自形粉细晶白云石晶体较大、晶形好，其δ13CPDB值偏低(0.2‰~0.7‰)，受产甲烷菌的代谢活动和深层有机质热催化共同影响，其δ18OPDB值较低(平均为-19.4‰)，计算形成温度约119 ℃，推测为成岩晚期埋藏成因白云石，Mg2+离子可能与粘土矿物水解及深部流体上涌有关.Abstract: The Lower Cretaceous source rocks in Anan sag of Erlian basin develop a set of lacustrine fine-grained dolomitic rocks, composed of dolomitic mudstone, dolomitic tuffite, and dolomitic sandstone, which are rich in tight oil. But its petrological characteristics and origin of dolomite are still unclear.Analysis of core observation, thin section, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and geochemical data show the dolomitic rocks mainly include: (1) The subhedral, micritic-powder crystalline dolomite distributing in laminated and star structure dolomitic mudstone and dolomitic tuffite; (2) The euhedral, powder-fine crystalline dolomite distributed massive dolomitic tuffite and dolomitic sandstone. Their mechanisms of dolomitization are different: (1) The subhedral, micritic-powder crystalline dolomite with higher δ13CPDB values (av. 5.4‰), higher δ18CPDB (av. -13‰), and lower fluid inclusion homogenization temperature (50-75 ℃), is dominated by early diagenetic dolomitization associated with methanogenesis. The source of Mg2+ is mainly from alteration of tuffaceous materials. (2) The euhedral, powder-fine crystalline dolomite is characteristic of bigger and finer crystals, lower δ13CPDB values (0.2‰-0.7‰), lower δ18OPDB (av. -19.4‰), and higher fluid inclusion homogenization temperature (about 119 ℃). It is dominated by burial dolomitizationand affected by the controls of methanogenesis anddegradation of organic matter.The source of Mg2+ is mainly from transformation of clay minerals and deep fluid.
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Key words:
- lacustrine sedimentary /
- dolomitic rocks /
- dolomitization /
- methanogenesis /
- burial dolomitization /
- Erlian basin /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 二连盆地阿南凹陷区域地质概况及综合柱状图
a.地理位置；b.构造分区划分；c.剖面图；d.综合柱状图
Fig. 1. Location and stratigraphic column of Anan sag in Erlian basin
图 2 阿南凹陷腾一段云质岩产出特征与薄片照片
a.纹层状云质泥岩岩心，阿密2，1 506.40 m；b.纹层状云质泥岩薄片照片，阿密2，1 506.40 m；c.星点状云质沉凝灰岩岩心，阿密2，1 562.77 m；d.星点状云质沉凝灰岩薄片照片，阿密2，1 562.77 m；e.细晶白云石和云质砂岩，哈81，1 855.77 m；f.细晶白云石和云质沉凝灰岩，阿43，2 052.60 m
Fig. 2. The core and thin-section micrographs of the dolomitic rocks in the first member of Tenggeer Formation in Anan sag
图 3 阿南凹陷腾一段云质岩中白云石的扫描电镜特征
a.微晶白云石，纹层状云质泥岩，阿36，1 287.2 m；b.粉晶白云石，星点状云质沉凝灰岩，阿43，2 053.4 m；c.粉晶白云石，云质粉砂岩，阿35，1 593.8 m；d.粉晶白云石，云质粉砂岩，哈71，1 848.02 m
Fig. 3. SEM characteristics of dolomitic rocks in the first member of Tenggeer Formation in Anan sag
图 4 阿南凹陷腾一段云质岩古地温分布
Fig. 4. Pale-temperature distribution of dolomitic rocks in the first member of Tenggeer Formation in Anan sag
图 5 阿南凹陷腾一段云质岩碳、氧同位素值分布
A.他形-半自形泥粉晶白云石分布区域；B.自行微细晶白云石分布区域；据Mazzullo (2000) 修改
Fig. 5. Distribution of carbon and oxygen isotopes of dolomitic rocks in the first member of Tenggeer Formation in Anan sag
图 6 云质岩中斑晶和基质扫描电镜镜下特征及成分分析结果
a.纹层状云质泥岩，阿36，1 287.20 m；b.图a中斜长石的能谱分析；c.云质沉凝灰岩，阿40，1 518.16 m；d.图c中粘土的X衍射分析结果
Fig. 6. SEM characteristics and composition analyses of phenocryst and matrix in dolomitic rocks
图 7 阿南凹陷腾一段云质岩成因模式
Fig. 7. Simplified model for dolomitisation in the first member of Tenggeer Formation in Anan sag
表 1 阿南凹陷腾一段云质岩中白云石岩石学特征
Table 1. Petrological characteristics of the dolomitic rocks in the first member of Tenggeer Formation in Anan sag
产状 岩性 晶型 晶体大小 沉积环境 粉微晶白云石 纹层状 云质泥岩 非平直晶面他形-半自形 5~40 μm 深湖-半深湖 粉微晶白云石 星点状 云质沉凝灰岩云质泥岩 非平直晶面他形-半自形 10~30 μm 滨浅湖 细晶白云石 团块状 云质沉凝灰岩 非平直晶面、半自形 50~70 μm 近岸水下扇外扇滨浅湖 细晶白云石 小型交错层理 云质砂岩 平直晶面、自形 20~110 μm 扇三角洲前缘 
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表 2 阿南凹陷腾一段泥岩的微量元素特征
Table 2. Trace element concentration of mudrocks in the first member of Tenggeer Formation in Anan sag
井号 A23 A3 H23-1 H84 A43-1 H16 H23-2 H46 A43-2 岩性 云质泥岩 云质泥岩 云质泥岩 云质泥岩 云质泥岩 泥岩 泥岩 钙质泥岩 钙质泥岩 方解石绝对含量 1.7 / 9.4 0.9 7.9 12.0 / 22.8 32.1 白云石绝对含量 38.5 32.0 16.3 34.4 21.7 10.0 17.0 4.3 0.0 Ni (10-6) 62.9 57.8 115.0 50.5 30.8 67.7 78.5 44.1 64.4 V (10-6) 103.0 119.0 51.6 52.1 98.6 82.8 72.8 86.7 46.8 Sr (10-6) 438 484 450 302 459 451 396 377 711 Ba (10-6) 356 438 405 240 472 463 404 301 432 Cu (10-6) 21.8 39.7 25.3 14.8 28.2 23.3 21.2 26.6 18.7 V/Ni 1.64 2.06 0.45 1.03 3.20 1.22 0.93 1.97 0.73 V/(V+Ni) 0.62 0.67 0.31 0.51 0.76 0.55 0.48 0.66 0.42 Sr/Ba 1.23 1.10 1.11 1.26 0.97 0.97 0.98 1.25 1.65 Sr/Cu 20.11 12.19 17.80 20.49 16.30 19.36 18.75 14.17 37.99
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表 3 阿南凹陷腾一段云质岩的碳氧同位素特征
Table 3. Carbon and oxygen isotopes characteristics of dolomitic rocks in the first member of Tenggeer Formation in Anan sag
样品 岩性 晶体特征 方解石含量(%) 白云石含量(%) δ13CPDB(‰) δ18OPBD(‰) Z值 温度(℃) A3 云质泥岩 他形-半自形微粉晶白云石 粉晶 / 32.0 5.7 -12.0 133.00 63.87 H23-1 云质沉凝灰岩 微晶 / 26.0 5.6 -13.1 132.25 71.18 H71 含云泥岩 粉晶 4 19.6 6.1 -10.1 134.76 52.00 A35-1 云质泥岩 微晶 / 23.1 4.8 -15.0 129.66 84.55 H16 含云粉砂岩 粉-细晶 / 19.0 5.3 -13.5 131.43 73.92 H72 云质泥岩 粉晶 2 16.1 6.0 -9.8 134.70 50.20 A35-2 云质粉砂岩 自形粉细晶白云石 细晶 / 26.2 4.7 -20.6 126.67 129.47 H84-1 云质粉砂岩 细晶 / 34.0 0.2 -18.1 118.70 108.40 H84-2 云质粉砂岩 细晶 4 18.0 0.7 -18.0 119.77 107.60
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