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    青海玉树尕龙格玛VMS型矿床流体包裹体及H-O-S-Pb同位素特征

    王键 孙丰月 禹禄 姜和芳 王飞 宁传奇

    王键, 孙丰月, 禹禄, 姜和芳, 王飞, 宁传奇, 2017. 青海玉树尕龙格玛VMS型矿床流体包裹体及H-O-S-Pb同位素特征. 地球科学, 42(6): 941-956. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.074
    引用本文: 王键, 孙丰月, 禹禄, 姜和芳, 王飞, 宁传奇, 2017. 青海玉树尕龙格玛VMS型矿床流体包裹体及H-O-S-Pb同位素特征. 地球科学, 42(6): 941-956. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.074
    Wang Jian, Sun Fengyue, Yu Lu, Jiang Hefang, Wang Fei, Ning Chuanqi, 2017. Fluid Inclusions and H-O-S-Pb Isotope Systematics of the Galonggema Cu Deposit in Yushu, Qinghai Province, China. Earth Science, 42(6): 941-956. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.074
    Citation: Wang Jian, Sun Fengyue, Yu Lu, Jiang Hefang, Wang Fei, Ning Chuanqi, 2017. Fluid Inclusions and H-O-S-Pb Isotope Systematics of the Galonggema Cu Deposit in Yushu, Qinghai Province, China. Earth Science, 42(6): 941-956. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.074

    青海玉树尕龙格玛VMS型矿床流体包裹体及H-O-S-Pb同位素特征

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.074
    基金项目: 

    中国地质调查局项目 12120113098300

    国家自然科学基金项目 41272093

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      王键(1987-),男,博士研究生,岩石学、矿物学、矿床学专业.ORCID: 0000-0002-8994-9823.E-mail: wjian118@hotmail.com

      通讯作者:

      孙丰月,E-mail: sunfy_66@126.com

    • 中图分类号: P611

    Fluid Inclusions and H-O-S-Pb Isotope Systematics of the Galonggema Cu Deposit in Yushu, Qinghai Province, China

    • 摘要: 为确定中国三江成矿带北段尕龙格玛VMS(volcanogenic massive sulfide)型矿床的成矿物理化学条件、成矿物质来源、成矿流体来源,探讨成矿机制,对矿体特征、流体包裹体显微测温和激光拉曼光谱分析以及S、Pb、H、O同位素进行了系统研究.矿体赋存于晚三叠世巴塘群英安质火山岩中,具有VMS型矿床的双层结构,由下部热液流体补给通道相的脉状-网脉状矿化系统和上部海底盆地卤水池喷气-化学沉积系统组成.通道相中流体包裹体可分为富气相包裹体和水溶液包裹体,均一温度为175.6~263.3 ℃,盐度为1.05%~6.29% NaCl eqv.,密度为0.820~0.935 g/cm3,激光拉曼光谱分析包裹体气相成分为H2O、CO2和少量N2;沉积相重晶石中仅发育水溶液包裹体,均一温度为105.2~157.1 ℃,盐度为0.18%~5.55% NaCl eqv.,密度为0.735~1.173 g/cm3,显示了流体由通道相向沉积相温度显著降低,盐度保持不变,密度变大的趋势,与典型VMS型矿床流体特征相似.氢氧同位素(δ18OH2O:0.25‰~1.75‰,δD:-103.2‰~-65.3‰)研究表明,成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水和海水的混合.综合分析前人硫同位素研究结果(δ34S:1.13‰~2.45‰,12.36‰~12.37‰)及本次获得硫同位素结果(δ34S:-22.9‰~-14.7‰)表明硫来源于岩浆和细菌还原的海水硫酸盐或基底岩石.硫化物方铅矿的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别为18.449~18.519、15.699~15.777和38.875~39.141,具有高放射性铅的特征,μ值为9.65~9.80,结果显示Pb等成矿物质主要来自于上地壳,并有岩浆物质参与成矿.成矿流体与海水的混合作用是尕龙格玛矿床形成的主要机制.

       

    • 图  1  中国三江成矿带北段大地构造位置略图

      Yin and Harrison(2000)Spurlin et al.(2005)修改

      Fig.  1.  Simplified geological map of the northern Sanjiang metallogenic belt in China showing major structures

      图  2  尕龙格玛矿床区域地质图

      Fig.  2.  Regional geological map of Galonggema deposit

      图  3  尕龙格玛东矿区地质图

      Fig.  3.  Geological map in the east ore district of Galonggema deposit

      图  4  尕龙格玛东矿区56线勘探线剖面

      Fig.  4.  Cross section along exploration line 56 in the east ore district of Galonggema deposit

      图  5  尕龙格玛铜多金属矿床主要矿石矿物特征及显微照片

      a, b.重晶石中条带状硫化物矿石;c, d.2号矿体中沉积相中块状硫化物矿石;e, f.通道相石英硫化物脉穿切如沉积相块状矿石中;g.重晶石层中条带状矿石中黄铜矿和方铅矿,正交偏光;h.沉积相中块状硫化物矿石草莓状黄铁矿,正交偏光;i.沉积相中,黄铜矿沿黄铁矿裂隙分布,正交偏光;j.沉积相块状矿石中,黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿交代草莓状黄铁矿,正交偏光;k.沉积相块状矿石中方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿共生,固溶体分离结构,正交偏光;l.沉积相浸染状矿石中方铅矿交代闪锌矿;m.通道相矿石中的黄铜矿脉;n.沉积相中黝铜矿包裹闪锌矿,正交偏光;o.通道相中黝铜矿与黄铜矿共同产出,正交偏光;Py.黄铁矿;Ccp.黄铜矿;Gn.方铅矿;Sp.闪锌矿;Thr.黝铜矿;Brt.重晶石;Qtz.石英

      Fig.  5.  Representative photograph of ores from the Galonggema deposit

      图  6  尕龙格玛东矿区重晶石和石英中流体包裹体显微照片

      a, b, c.重晶石中气液两相包裹体;d, e, f.石英中气液两相包裹体;g, h, i.石英中富气相包裹体

      Fig.  6.  Photomicrographs of representative FIs from the Galonggema deposit

      图  7  尕龙格玛矿床流体包裹体均一温度盐度直方图

      a.通道相石英中流体包裹体均一温度直方图;b.通道相石英中流体包裹体盐度直方图;c.沉积相重晶石中流体包裹体均一温度直方图;d.沉积相重晶石中流体包裹体盐度直方图;盐度为质量百分含量

      Fig.  7.  Histograms of salinities and homogenization temperatures of FIs in Galonggema VMS deposit

      图  8  尕龙格玛通道相石英中流体包裹体激光拉曼光谱分析结果

      a, b, c.通道相石英中富气相包裹体;d.通道相石英中气液两相包裹体

      Fig.  8.  Laser Raman spectra of FIs the Galonggema deposit

      图  9  尕龙格玛铜多金属及邻区热液矿床δD-δ18OH2O图解

      底图据Taylor(1974);西藏地区雨水、地表水和湖水数据郑淑蕙等(1982);大屏掌数据钟宏等(2000);鲁春数据杨喜安(2012);呷村数据党院等(2014);SMOW.标准平均大洋水

      Fig.  9.  δD-δ18OH2O diagram of the Galonggema deposit

      图  10  青海三江成矿带典型热液矿床硫化物中δ34S分布

      大屏掌钟宏等(2000);伊比利亚黄铁矿带引自Tornos et al.(2008);阿尔泰成矿带引自Wan et al.(2010);尕龙格玛部分数据引自郑宗学,2010.《治多多彩地区铜多金属矿普查阶段性总结》报告.青海;东莫扎抓田世洪等(2011a);莫海拉亨田世洪等(2011b);鲁村杨喜安等(2012);呷村党院等(2014);多日茸、查涌、撒纳龙哇引自于作者未发表数据

      Fig.  10.  Distribution range of sulfur isotope data in the Galonggema deposit

      图  11  尕龙格玛矿床硫化物铅同位素组成

      底图据Zartman and Doe(1981);呷村数据朱维光等(2001);鲁春数据杨喜安等(2012);UC.上地壳;O.造山带;M.地幔;LC.下地壳

      Fig.  11.  Lead isotopic compositions of sulfides in the Galonggema deposit

      表  1  矿床流体包裹体显微测温结果及参数

      Table  1.   Microther mometric data and relative parameters of fluid inclusions of the Galonggema deposit

      矿石类型 包体类型 大小(μm) 气液比(%) 冰点温度Ti(℃) 均一温度Th(℃) S(%NaCl) ρ(g/cm3)
      通道相 V型 6~12 60~90 -1.6~-0.6 241.7~263.3(9) 1.05~2.73 0.820~0.882
      通道相L-V型4~205~30-3.9~-1.2175.6~259.8(67)2.06~6.290.838~0.935
      沉积相 L-V型 4~10 5~20 -3.4~-0.1 105.2~157.1(34) 0.18~5.55 0.735~1.173
      注:括号内数字为流体包裹体个数.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  尕龙格玛铜多金属矿床主成矿阶段石英中氢、氧同位素组成

      Table  2.   Hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions of the Galonggema deposit

      样品号 δDV-SMOW(‰) δ18OV-SMOW(‰) 计算温度(℃) δ18OH2O(‰)
      GLGM-CK-B1 -65.9 10.7 250 1.75
      GLGM-CK-B2-65.39.22500.25
      GLGM-KSD-W6-103.29.42500.45
      GLGM-KSD-B10 -93.3 9.9 250 0.95
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  尕龙格玛铜多金属矿床硫同位素结果

      Table  3.   Sulphur isotopic compositions of the Galonggema deposit

      样品编号 测试矿物 δ34SV-CDT(‰)
      GLGM-CK-B2 黄铜矿 -16.6
      GLGM-CK-B3黄铜矿-17.2
      GLGM-CK-B4黄铁矿-14.7
      GLGM-KSD-B1黄铁矿-15.4
      GLGM-KSD-B1方铅矿-19.7
      GLGM-KSD-B2方铅矿-22.9
      GLGM-KSD-B5 黄铁矿 -16.4
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  4  尕龙格玛铜多金属矿床铅同位素结果

      Table  4.   Lead isotopic compositions of the Galonggema deposit

      样品号 样品名称 206Pb/204Pb 207Pb/204Pb 208Pb/204Pb μ
      GLGM-CK-B2 方铅矿 18.519 15.777 39.141 9.80
      GLGM-CK-B3方铅矿18.50015.75539.0659.76
      GLGM-KSD-B1方铅矿18.44915.69938.8759.65
      GLGM-KSD-B2方铅矿18.46415.72038.9499.69
      GLGM-KSD-B5 方铅矿 18.497 15.763 39.091 9.78
      注:μ=238U/204Pb.
      下载: 导出CSV
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