Sequence Stratigraphy and Evolution Model of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Shale in the Upper Yangtze Area
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摘要: 学者们在页岩层序划分与构成等方面还存在较大分歧；其次，现有研究中针对页岩非均质性在层序格架内的变化特征及成因规律方面亦有不足.五峰组-龙马溪组页岩是上扬子地区重要的页岩气勘探层位之一，通过钻井岩心、露头剖面、常规测井、能谱测井和地球化学参数等资料，对上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组黑色页岩层序地层学进行了定量分析.在五峰组-龙马溪组识别出3个三级层序，其中五峰组为一个三级层序，进一步划分出海侵体系域（五峰组下部黑色页岩）和高位体系域（五峰组上部观音桥段）；龙马溪组一段作为一个三级层序，进一步划分出海侵体系域、早期高位和晚期高位体系域；龙马溪组二段和三段为一个三级层序，进一步划分出低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域.以不同体系域为单元分析了五峰组-龙马溪组层序发育与沉积环境特征，揭示了各体系域内古生产力与水体氧化还原条件对有机质富集的控制机理，总结并提出了系统的五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩层序地层垂向演化模式.Abstract: Shale sequence division and composition remain highly controversial, and the existing research on the characteristics and genesis of sequence framework is inadequate. The Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation Shale is one of the most important horizons of shale gas exploration in the Yangtze region. On the basis of research on well-core, outcrop, conventional log, a spectral gamma-ray log, geochemical parameters and other information are used for quantitative sequence stratigraphy analysis of black shale in the upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation to the lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation. Three third-order sequences are divided based on the recognition of four third-order boundaries. The Wufeng Formation is equivalent to a third-order sequence and is subdivided into a transgressive system tract (TST) (black shale of lower Wufeng Formation) and a highstand system tract (HST) (Guanyinqiao member of upper Wufeng Formation). the first member of Longmaxi Formation is equivalent to a third-order sequence and is subdivided into a TST, an early highstand system tract (EHST) and a late highstand system tract (LHST); the second member and third member of Longmaxi Formation are combined to be one third-order sequence and is subdivided into a lowstand system tract (LST), a TST and a HST. Sequence development and sedimentary environment characteristics are analyzed within each system tract unit.TOC is correlated to V/Cr and EF-Ni differently within different system tract units, suggesting paleoproductivity and water redox condition in different system tract units have different effect on the enrichment of organic matter in the studied shale. Based on the changes of depositional processes and water column conditions, we develop a depositional model to interpret the evolution of depositional environments of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation.
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Key words:
- Wufeng Formation /
- Longmaxi Formation /
- shale /
- sequence stratigraphy /
- organic matter /
- sedimentary evolution /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 扬子地台早志留世龙马溪组一段岩相古地理图(a)和五峰组-龙马溪组一段黑色页岩厚度等值线图(b)
a图修改自Chen et al.(2004)；b图修改自Guo(2013)、郭彤楼和张汉荣(2014)；AB为图 8剖面的位置
Fig. 1. Palaeogeographic map of the first member of Longmaxi Formation (a) and isopach map showing the distribution of the Wufeng Formation and the first member of Longmaxi Formation (b) of Yangtze block
图 8 五峰组-龙马溪组一段黑色页岩层序地层演化模式
Fig. 8. Sequence stratigraphy evolution model for the Wufeng Formation and the first member of Longmaxi Formation
图 2 四川盆地东南部上奥陶统-下志留统沉积充填模式(a)和五峰组-龙马溪组层序地层格架(b)
修改自Chen et al.(2015)；图a中绝对年龄据International Chronostratigraphic Chart，国际地层委员会，2013
Fig. 2. Sedimentary filling pattern for the upper Ordovician to the lower Silurian (a) and sequence stratigraphic framework of Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation (b) in the southeast Sichuan basin
图 3 川东南五峰组-龙马溪组层序界面岩性响应特征
a.Jy1井；b.漆辽剖面；c、d.鹿角剖面
Fig. 3. Lithology characteristics at the sequence boundaries in the Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation in the southeast Sichuan basin
图 4 Jy1井五峰组-龙马溪组层序格架内各体系域沉积特征
Fig. 4. Sedimentary characteristics of different tract systems of well Jy1 in the Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation in the southeast Sichuan basin
图 5 Jy1井五峰组-龙马溪组一段矿物成分、氧化还原指标和古生产力指标垂向变化
Fig. 5. Mineral composition and redox condition proxy and productivity proxy variation of Wufeng Formation and the first member of Longmaxi Formation in well Jy1
图 7 五峰组-龙马溪组一段不同体系域内V/Cr与Ni-EF分别与TOC含量的相关性
Fig. 7. The relationship between V/Cr ratio and TOC content and between Ni-EF and TOC content in different systems tract within Wufeng Formation and the first member of Longmaxi Formation in well Jy1
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