Palaeolake Environment and Depositional Model of Source Rocks of the Lower Submember of Sha1 in Raoyang Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
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摘要: 学者们对饶阳凹陷烃源岩的研究已经取得了一些成果，但针对沙一下亚段烃源岩发育时期的古湖泊环境却缺乏系统的研究，忽略了湖泊环境这个控制烃源岩地球化学特征和时空展布的重要因素.通过对沙一下亚段烃源岩样品的古生物资料、有机地球化学、微量元素和同位素分析，恢复其古气候、湖泊古水深、古盐度、氧化还原条件和古生产力，综合这些影响因素建立了沙一下亚段优质烃源岩的发育模式.结果表明，沙一段下亚段（Es1下）的优质烃源岩多发育于湖侵体系域沉积期，气候正从干旱炎热向温暖潮湿转变，湖水深度约为2~14 m，浪基面深度为7.5 m；古盐度参数如Sr/Ba和B/Ga等都指示了沙一下亚段湖侵体系域沉积期属于咸水环境，形成了稳定的盐度分层，从而造成底层水处于稳定的缺氧条件，有利于有机质的保存；而稳定碳同位素和营养元素的分布特征都表明此阶段湖泊表层水体有较高的初始生产力.这样的古湖泊环境造成强还原咸水半深湖沉积的有机相分布较广，有利于优质烃源岩的发育.Abstract: Despite successful studies on source rocks of Raoyang sag, existing studies on the ancient lake environment during lower submember of Sha1 source rocks development period are not systematic, an important factor controlling the geochemical characteristics and temporal and spatial distribution of source rocks, is often ignored.In this study, samples of source rocks in the lower submember of Sha1 were analyzed with palaeontological material, organic geochemistry, trace element and isotopic geochemistry to reveal the paleolake environment including the paleoclimate, water depth, salinity, organic matter preservation and productivity, and to construct depositional model for high-quality source rocks of the lower submember of Sha1.Results show that the high-quality source rocks mainly formed in the transgressive system tracts period.Meantime, the climate was in the transition from arid to humid, and the water depth of the paleolake was about 2-14 meters, wave base depth was 7.5 meters.Paleosalinity parameters such as Sr/Ba and B/Ga indicate the lower submember of Sha1 belonged to the saline environment due to the effect of water evaporation.High salinity was favorable to stable halocline formation, resulting in the bottom water in an anoxic condition for the preservation of organic matter.And the stable carbon isotope and nutrient elements distribution characteristics display that the surface water had high initial productivity in the stage of the lower submember of Sha1.Such paleolake environment caused wide distribution of strong reducing salt water semi-deep lake organic facies, beneficial to the growth of high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks.
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图 1 饶阳凹陷构造简图及研究井位
Fig. 1. Regional tectonics of Raoyang sag and location of selected wells
图 2 渤海湾盆地优质烃源岩TOC与(S1+S2)关系
Fig. 2. Relationship between TOC and (S1+S2) of source rocks in Bohai Bay basin
图 3 饶阳凹陷沙一段层序单元划分
Fig. 3. Sequence unit classification of the Sha1 member in Raoyang sag
图 6 饶阳凹陷沙一段粘土矿物分布特征
Fig. 6. Clay minerals distribution characteristics of the Sha1 member in Raoyang sag
图 7 饶阳凹陷西63井沙一段古盐度变化特征
Fig. 7. The variation of palaeosalinity of the Sha1 member in well Xi 63 of Raoyang sag
图 8 饶阳凹陷沙一下亚段古水深(a)和浪基面(b)分布
Fig. 8. The distribution of water depth (a) and wave base (b) of the lower submember of Sha1 in Raoyang sag
图 9 河间洼槽阳探1井沙一下亚段古生产力和保存条件
Fig. 9. The paleoproductivity and preservation conditions of the lower submember of Sha1 in well Yangtan 1 in Hejian trough
图 10 马西洼槽西63井沙一下亚段古生产力和保存条件
Fig. 10. The paleoproductivity and preservation conditions of the lower submember of Sha1 in well Xi 63 in Maxi trough
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