Sedimentary Characteristics of Re-Transported Gravity Flow Deposits and Their Distribution:Influence of Deltaic Sedimentation in the Dongying Sag
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摘要: 三角洲沉积为滑塌型重力流的形成提供了物质来源，它对前端滑塌型重力流的沉积分布特征具有重要影响.以东营凹陷洼陷带沙三中亚段三角洲-前端滑塌型重力流沉积为研究对象，综合利用钻井岩心、三维地震、测录井及分析测试等资料，总结不同类型滑塌型重力流沉积特征、识别标志和分布特征，分析三角洲作为物源对滑塌型重力流的形成、沉积类型、沉积特征和分布特征的影响.研究表明，研究区滑塌型重力流沉积主要发育滑动岩、滑塌岩、碎屑流沉积和浊积岩4种类型，不同类型其沉积构造、粒度特征、地球物理特征差异显著.研究区砂质碎屑流沉积最为发育，滑动滑塌沉积次之，浊流沉积和泥质碎屑流沉积少量发育.不同地区重力流沉积发育程度及常见垂向序列存在差异，博兴南坡与辛133区块重力流类型以砂质碎屑流沉积为主，常见多期次砂质碎屑流沉积相邻或相间垂向组合；牛庄南坡与中央隆起带地区类似，由近及远，重力流类型及垂向序列存在较大差异；营11区块以砂质碎屑流沉积和浊流沉积为主，浊流比例相对其他区块较高；丰14区块单井重力流类型整体较单一，为砂质碎屑流沉积或滑塌沉积.三角洲砂泥百分含量控制了滑塌型重力流的沉积类型和沉积特征；三角洲沉积物粒径控制原始前积角大小，前积角越大，滑塌型重力流越发育，但滑移距离相对越近；三角洲的坡折点控制下，滑动滑塌沉积主要分布在斜坡坡脚和同沉积断层附近，浊流沉积主要分布在深水平原，碎屑流沉积在斜坡坡脚-深水平原均有分布；三角洲高的堆积速率通过减小内摩擦力促使滑塌型重力流的形成，其堆积速率与构造沉降速率的差异对滑塌型重力流沉积的垂向叠置和侧向连续性也具有重要影响.Abstract: Deltaic sedimentation provides the material source for the formation of re-transported gravity flow, and it has a significant effect on the sedimentary characteristics and distribution of re-transported gravity flow deposits. The sedimentary characteristics of different types of gravity flow deposits and their distribution in the middle part of the third member of Shahejie Formation of the Dongying sag were investigated using core, granularity, seismic and well logging data. The influence of deltaic sedimentation on the re-transported gravity flow deposits was studied. It has been shown that four types of gravity flow deposits were developed in Es3z in the Dongying sag, including slide and slump deposits, debrites, and turbidites. There exist differences among different types of gravity flow deposits in terms of sedimentary structures, grain size characteristics, and geophysical responses. In the study area, sandy debrites were best developed, followed sequentially by slide and slump deposits, turbidites, and muddy debrites. There are differences in the abundance of the types and the vertical sequences of diffenent deposits among different locations in the study area. The sedimentary types are mainly composed of sandy debrites with vertical sequences characteristic of amalgamation of sandy debrites being common in the southern Boxing and Xin-133 blocks.There is a big difference among gravity flow deposits and vertical sequences from proximal to distal in the southern of Niuzhuang area and the western central uplift zone.Turbidites are better developed in the Ying-11 block. Sandy debrites and slump deposits are the dominated deposits in the Feng-14 block. The mud content of the delta front deposits appears to have a significant impact on the gravity flow types and their sedimentary characteristics. Deltaic sediments with different grain sizes have different slope angles which is closely related to the formation, types and distribution characteristics of the gravity flow deposits. Under the same conditions, the larger the progradation slope angle is, the better developed the re-transported gravity flow deposits would be, especially for the slide and slump deposits. On the contrary, the sliding distance is shorter. The slide and slump deposits are mainly distributed in the slope break and near the syn-sedimentary faults; turbidites are mainly in the basin floor; while debris flow deposits occur from the slope break to the basin floor.The high accumulation rate contributes to the formation of gravity flows by decreasing the internal friction, and the difference between the accumulation rate and subsidence rate is also of great importance to the vertical superimposed structures and lateral continuity of re-transported gravity flow deposits.
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图 1 东营凹陷沙三中亚段沉积相平面分布及研究区块分布
1.三角洲；2.扇三角洲；3.近岸水下扇；4.滑塌型重力流；5.洪水型重力流；6.滨浅湖；7.深湖半深湖；8.周围构造；9.断层；10.分流河道；11.岩心观察井号；12.研究区块范围；13.牛庄南坡；14.中央隆起带西坡；15.营11区块；16.丰14区块；17.辛133区块；18.博兴南坡；研究区块由各个地区沉积相图及砂体展布图等共同确定；据Yang et al.(2016)修改
Fig. 1. Distribution of sedimentary facies of Es3z and the study areas in Dongying sag
图 2 东营凹陷沙三中亚段三角洲前缘滑塌型重力流典型沉积构造
a.牛48，2 897.45 m同沉积滑动面, 可见砂质注入体；b.高898，2 620.60 m炭质层显平行层理；c.营11-48，3 234.63 m块状砂岩内炭质层揉皱变形；d.郝5，3 150.95 m砂泥混杂, 可见棕黄色泥砾；e.营11-48，3 197.15 m灰色和土黄色漂浮泥砾；f.官11，2 885.40 m块状砂岩内深灰色泥岩撕裂屑杂乱分布；g.樊115，3 021.55 m下部为块状砂岩，含漂浮碎屑，顶部为薄炭质层显平行层理；h.史127，3 219.40 m泥质粉砂岩内层状排列灰黑色泥岩撕裂屑发育；i.牛110，3 004.00 m泥质粉砂岩内含砂质团块和深灰色泥岩撕裂屑；j.官11井，2 887.65 m正粒序，冲刷面可见；k.牛110井，3 010.20 m ACE不完整的鲍马序列；l.牛116，3 115.10 m砂泥薄互层，多个AE序列
Fig. 2. Typical sedimentary structures of gravity flow deposits in the delta front of Es3z in the Dongying sag
图 3 东营凹陷沙三中亚段重力流类型、流体性质及识别标志
Fig. 3. Types, fluid properties and identification marks of gravity flow deposits of the Es3z delta front in the Dongying sag
图 4 东营凹陷不同地区典型井取心段不同重力流类型及泥岩百分含量直方图
Fig. 4. Percentage histograms of gravity flow deposits and mudstones of cored sections of typical wells in different parts in the Dongying sag
图 5 东营凹陷不同地区滑塌型重力流沉积常见垂向序列
Fig. 5. Characteristic vertical sequences of gravity flow deposits in different parts of the study area in the Dongying sag
图 6 牛庄地区东南向过牛100-史10剖面及各取心井沉积类型及典型垂向序列分析
Fig. 6. Cross section through well Niu-100 and well Shi-10 in the southeast direction and sedimentary types and typical vertical sequences of each cored wells in the Niuzhuang area
图 7 东营和博兴三角洲前端典型取心井滑塌型重力流沉积特征
a.牛100井，3 030.20~3 035.00 m泥质滑塌整体发育；b.营11-8井，3 052.50~3 056.28 m泥质碎屑流和砂质碎屑流中泥质碎屑发育；c.樊24井，2 919.46~2 922.96 m块状厚层砂岩整体发育
Fig. 7. Sedimentary characteristics of gravity flow deposits of typical cored wells from the Dongying delta front and the Boxing delta front
图 8 东营三角洲和陈官庄三角洲-重力流体系各期次几何要素量化统计
*.胜利油田地质科学研究院；**.陈世悦等(2014)；***.本文计算；单位：度
Fig. 8. Quantitative comparison of the geometric elements of different stages between the Dongying delta-gravity flow system and the Chenguanzhuang delta-gravity flow system
图 9 东营凹陷沙三中东营三角洲过史136-莱70井沉积相连井对比剖面
Fig. 9. Sedimentary facies (Es3z) correlation cross section through well Shi-136 and well Lai -70 of the Dongying delta in the Dongying sag
图 10 不同触发机制作用下滑塌型重力流分布规律
①.浪成浊积体；②.强水流成因的深水沟道浊积体；③.振动成因的液化浊积体；④.振动成因的次生叠置浊积体；⑤.强水流成因的舌形发散体；⑥.振动成因的二级滑塌浊积体；据鄢继华等(2008)
Fig. 10. Distribution patterns of re-transported gravity flow deposits originated from different triggering mechanisms
图 11 东营凹陷沙三中亚段博兴地区和牛庄地区砂质碎屑流的内幕结构
Fig. 11. Internal structures of Es3z sandy debris flow deposits in the Boxing and Niuzhuang areas of the Dongying sag
表 1 东营凹陷沙三中亚段不同地区不同类型重力流百分含量对比
Table 1. Percentage comparison of different types of gravity flow deposits in Es3z in different parts of the Dongying sag
不同类型含量 滑动滑塌沉积物百分比(%) 砂质碎屑流沉积物百分比(%) 泥质碎屑流沉积物百分比(%) 浊积岩百分比(%) 东营凹陷 23.97 56.02 2.38 17.64 牛庄南坡 19.23 55.19 1.09 24.49 辛133区块 17.55 66.44 1.40 14.60 营11区块 7.22 45.48 5.06 42.24 丰14区块 84.84 15.16 0.00 0.00 中央隆起带西坡 37.39 46.60 2.46 13.55 博兴南坡 6.64 80.49 3.68 9.24 注：东营凹陷沙三中用于统计的取心井为34口，共计736.98 m，其中牛庄南坡取心井为9口，共计176.92 m；辛133砂体取心井为5口，共计86.52 m；营11砂体取心井为4口，共计81.75 m；丰14砂体取心井为3口，共计39.41 m；中央隆起带西坡为9口，共计196.19 m；博兴南坡取心井为4口，共计156.19 m. 
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