Shallow Water Delta Sedimentation and Source-to-Sink Process in the South Slope Belt, Dongying Sag
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摘要: 源-汇系统研究是当今地质学研究热点.东营凹陷南缓坡沙二段沉积时期是构造稳定的斜坡带，与其物源区广饶凸起构成完整的源-汇系统.基于岩心、测井、分析化验及三维地震资料，精细刻画研究区古地貌形态及沉积物搬运通道，明确沙二段浅水辫状河三角洲沉积特征；通过地震属性与钻井岩性标定，明确沉积体系分布及时空演化关系，探讨沉积主控因素及源-汇体系配置关系.结果表明，物源区自西向东发育i~iii三个汇水单元，及V1~V4四个古沟谷，碎屑沉积物通过古沟谷搬运输送，向滨-浅湖沉积环境的缓坡（0.52°~1.29°）沉积区供源，形成平面上河道频繁分叉改道、垂向上多个正韵律叠置、岩性以分选中等、磨圆较好的含砾砂岩为主的浅水辫状河三角洲沉积.自沙二下亚段沉积期到沙二上亚段沉积期，沉积体向前推进，规模增大，沉积体系垂向演化主要受控于古气候变化导致的湖平面升降.平面上，Ⅰ~Ⅲ沉积区内朵叶体形态及规模受控于源区汇水单元面积、垂向高差及通道形态与规模，朵叶体面积与垂向高差及汇水单元面积呈正相关.Abstract: The study of Source-to-Sink system is a hot topic in geology research. During the sedimentary period of the second member of the Shahejie Formation (Es2), the structural stable south slope belt in the Dongying sag and its source area Guangrao uplift constituted a complete Source-to-Sink system. In this study, we analyze the paleogeomorphy, the characteristics of sediment transfer pathways and the braided shallow-water delta depositional system based on cores, logging, analytical experiment data and 3D seismic data. This paper presents in detail the sedimentary system distribution, the spatial and temporal relationship, the dominant factor of sedimentary process and sediment-dispersal patterns of the Source-to-Sink system in study area by the seismic attribute and lithology analysis. The results show there are three (ⅰ-ⅲ) catchments, four (V1-V4) paleo-valleys from west to east in the source area. The clastic sediments supply to the deposition area, which is shore-shallow lake deposit environment gentle slope (0.52°-1.29°), by the transportation of paleo-valley. This process contributes to a moderate sorted, well rounding pebbly sandstone braided shallow-water delta system that river channel diverges frequently in the plane, several positive rhythm sediments overlay vertically. The sedimentary bodies increase from lower Es2 to upper Es2. The vertical evolution of the sedimentary system is mainly controlled by the lake-level fluctuation resulted from the paleoclimatic change. In the plane, the form and scale of the lobes body in Ⅰ-Ⅲ sedimentary area are controlled by the geomorphology vertical elevation difference of the source area, the area of the catchments, the form and scale of the pathways. It shows a positive correlation among the area of the lobes body, the vertical elevation difference and the area of the catchment.
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Key words:
- shallow-water delta /
- paleogeomorphy /
- Source-to-Sink system /
- seismic attribute /
- sedimentation /
- Dongying sag /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 东营凹陷构造单元和研究区位置
a.构造位置；b.井位分布；c.构造剖面
Fig. 1. Tectonic unit of Dongying sag and location of study area
图 2 东营凹陷南缓坡沙二段综合柱状图
Fig. 2. Integrated stratigraphic column of Es2 in south slope belt of Dongying sag
图 3 东营凹陷南缓坡沙二段沉积古地貌(a)及古地形坡度散点图(b)
Fig. 3. Paleogeomorphoglogy of depositional period (a) and paleotopography grade scatterplot (b) of Es2 in south slope belt of Dongying sag
图 4 东营凹陷南缓坡沙二段物源通道指示地震剖面及其解释
Fig. 4. Seismic profile and interpretation of sediment transfer pathways of Es2 in south slope belt of Dongying sag
图 5 东营凹陷南缓坡沙二段浅水三角洲砂岩粒度分析
a.Gn104井概率累积曲线，1 755 m；b.Gn7井概率累积曲线，2 087 m；c.W90井C-M图
Fig. 5. Grain size analysis of the shallow-water delta of Es2 in south slope belt of Dongying sag
图 6 东营凹陷南缓坡沙二段浅水三角洲沉积构造及测井响应特征
Fig. 6. Characteristics of sedimentary structure and well logging response of the shallow-water delta of Es2 in south slope belt of Dongying sag
图 7 东营凹陷南缓坡沙二段浅水三角洲典型沉积构造
a.Gn104井，1 755 m，粗砂岩，楔状交错层理；b.Gn104井，1 849 m，中-粗砂岩，平行层理；c.Gn7井，2 103.1 m，泥岩，植物碎片；d.Gn12井，2 380.1 m，细-中砂岩，板状交错层理；e.Gn12井，2 380.3 m，中砂岩，槽状交错层理；f.Gn12井，2 384.7 m，粗砂岩与泥岩，冲刷面
Fig. 7. Typical sedimentary structures of the shallow-water delta of Es2 in the south slope belt of Dongying sag
图 8 东营凹陷南缓坡沙二段浅水三角洲顺物源方向前积地震相(a)及垂直物源方向丘状地震相(b)
测线位置见图 1b
Fig. 8. Progradational seismic facies in parallel source direction (a) and mounded seismic facies in vertical source direction (b) of the shallow-water delta of Es2 in south slope belt of Dongying sag
图 9 东营凹陷南缓坡沙二段均方根振幅属性特征及沉积相解释
Fig. 9. The RMS amplitude attribute and interpreted sedimentary facies of Es2 in south slope belt of Dongying sag
表 1 东营凹陷南缓坡物源通道特征参数统计
Table 1. Characteristic parameters of sediment transfer pathway in south slope belt of Dongying sag
物
源
区汇水单元编号 ⅰ区 ⅱ区 ⅲ区 汇水单元形态 地势较平坦，垂向高差小 局部隆起与侵蚀沟谷构成的山谷地貌，地形高差大 汇水单元面积(km2) 8.3 9.0 10.2 垂向高差(m) 126.8 204.2 325.5 搬
运
通
道古沟谷编号 V1 V2 V3 V4 古沟谷形态 较窄、较浅的复合W型 较宽且深 较窄、较浅 宽且深的复合W型 宽(km) 1.6 2.9 1.4 6.2 深(km) 0.9 1.3 0.8 1.3 宽/深 1.77 2.23 1.75 4.76 截面面积(km2) 1.2 2.5 0.8 5.6 
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表 2 东营凹陷南缓坡沙二段岩性组合特征与地震属性关系
Table 2. Relationship between lithologic association and RMS amplitude attribute of Es2 in south slope belt of Dongying sag
井号 层位 含砂率 砂泥岩组合关系 灰质含量(%) 均方根振幅属性强度 属性颜色 Ca10 Es2U ＞0.6 巨厚层含砾砂岩夹薄层泥岩 0 中-弱振幅体 绿色 Gn121 Es2U ＞0.6 厚层含砾砂岩与薄层泥岩互层 15.63 强振幅体 红色 Gnx15 Es2L 0.3~0.6 中薄层含砾砂岩与中薄层泥岩互层 0 强振幅体 红色 Gn1 Es2L ＜0.3 厚层泥岩夹薄层砂岩 0 弱振幅体 蓝色
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表 3 东营凹陷南缓坡沙二段主要源-汇配置关系
Table 3. Sediment-dispersal patterns of Source-to-Sink systems of Es2 in south slope belt of Dongying sag
分区编号 ⅰ区-Ⅰ区 ⅱ区-Ⅱ区 ⅲ区-Ⅲ区 物源区 汇水单元面积(km2) 8.3 9.0 10.2 垂向高差(m) 126.8 204.2 325.5 搬运区 源汇交界处沟谷截面面积(km2) 1.2 3.3 5.6 沉积区 沙二上沉积朵叶体面积(km2) 111.92 128.87 109.23 沙二下沉积朵叶体面积(km2) 108.65 98.54 110.12
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