Visual Seepage Experiment Based on Transparent Rock-Soil Material and Its Application Prospect
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摘要: 渗流模型实验能够模拟天然岩土体中的渗流过程以及流体在介质中的运动规律，因此被广泛地应用于岩土、石油工程等多个领域的研究中.然而在传统的渗流模型实验中，由于模型介质的不透明，流体在介质中具体的渗流过程、扩散规律和赋存状态并不能被直观地观测到.因此在总结了可视化渗流实验的研究进展，归纳了现有成果取得的进展与存在的不足；提出了一种基于透明岩土相似材料，并结合光学观测手段、数字图像处理技术和示踪技术的可视化渗流实验新技术，对比分析了该技术与传统可视化渗流实验的优缺点.结果表明相较于传统渗流实验，该技术除了可以实现具体渗流过程的可视化观测外，还具有装置简单、易于操作、经济适用等方面的优点.表明利用这种材料开展渗流实验的可视化观测是可行的，为基于透明岩土材料的可视化渗流模型实验的开展奠定了理论基础.Abstract: Seepage model experimentis widely utilized in many engineering fields such as geotechnical engineering and oil engineering since it can simulate the seepage process and movement law of fluid in porous media. While in the traditional seepage model experiment, due to the opacity of model medium, the specific seepage process, diffusion law and occurrence state of fluid cannot be observed directly. This paper presents the research progress of current visual seepage experiment, including its limitations. And a new technique of seepage experiment based on transparent rock-soil material, combining with optical observation method, tracer technique and digital imaging processing technology is proposed. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages between this technology and the traditional visual seepageexperiment are analyzed. Compared with the traditional seepage experiment, this technology can not only achieve the visual observation of the specific seepage process, but also has the advantages of invlovement of simple devices, easy operation and low cost, which indicates that it is feasible to use of this material to carry out visual observation of seepage experiment, laying a theoretical foundation for carrying out the visual seepage model experiment based on transparent rock-soil material.
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Key words:
- seepage mechanics /
- transparent rock-soil material /
- model test /
- flow visualization /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 渗流实验微观模型
a.岩心铸体薄片；b.玻璃薄片模型；c.硅胶薄片(4 cm×4 cm)；据杨珂和徐守余(2009)、于明旭等(2013)
Fig. 1. Microscopic model for seepage experiment
图 4 模型内部变形可视化观测装置示意
Fig. 4. The sketch of visual observation system for internal deformation
图 5 透明岩土材料渗流实验装置
Fig. 5. The seepage experiment device of the transparent rock-soil material
图 6 基于透明岩土材料的渗流实验
a.渗流实验系统；b.示踪剂和流体的色谱分离现象；据Liu(2003)
Fig. 6. Seepage experiment based on transparent rock-soil material
表 1 不同类别透明岩土材料物理力学参数
Table 1. Physical and mechanical parameters of different typestransparent rock-soil materials
骨料类别 第1类(无定型硅粉) 第2类(硅胶) 第3类(熔融石英) 第4类(水凝胶) 第5类(合成锂皂石) 折射率 1.442 1.442 1.458 1.333 1.336 饱和容重(kN/m3) 9.4~16.0 11.0~14.0 13.4~16.4 10.0 10.0 内摩擦角(°) 19~36 29~42 44~59 - - 粘聚力(kPa) 20~44 0 0 - - 压缩指数 1.60~3.00 - 0.34~0.54 0.10~0.15 16.60~20.60 渗透系数(cm/s) 2.3×10-7~2.5×10-5 1.5×10-4~7.0×10-3 1.3×10-5~2.1×10-5 7×10-2~6×10-8 5.0×10-9~1.6×10-6 固有渗透率(μm2) 0.015~0.160 1~45 24~40 - - 匹配孔隙流体 矿物油或者溴化钙溶液 矿物油或者溴化钙溶液 矿物油、蔗糖溶液或STSI 水 水 适用模拟对象及问题 性质与黏土相似 性质与砂土相似 饱和-非饱和砂岩 土体中渗流问题 软弱湖、海相沉积物 注：据 Iskander et al.(2015) .
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