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    四川广元上寺剖面上二叠统大隆组有机质分布特征与富集因素

    张毅 郑书粲 高波 冯庆来

    张毅, 郑书粲, 高波, 冯庆来, 2017. 四川广元上寺剖面上二叠统大隆组有机质分布特征与富集因素. 地球科学, 42(6): 1008-1025. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.534
    引用本文: 张毅, 郑书粲, 高波, 冯庆来, 2017. 四川广元上寺剖面上二叠统大隆组有机质分布特征与富集因素. 地球科学, 42(6): 1008-1025. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.534
    Zhang Yi, Zheng Shucan, Gao Bo, Feng Qinglai, 2017. Distribution Characteristics and Enrichment Factors of Organic Matter in Upper Permian Dalong Formation of Shangsi Section, Guangyuan, Sichuan Basin. Earth Science, 42(6): 1008-1025. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.534
    Citation: Zhang Yi, Zheng Shucan, Gao Bo, Feng Qinglai, 2017. Distribution Characteristics and Enrichment Factors of Organic Matter in Upper Permian Dalong Formation of Shangsi Section, Guangyuan, Sichuan Basin. Earth Science, 42(6): 1008-1025. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.534

    四川广元上寺剖面上二叠统大隆组有机质分布特征与富集因素

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.534
    基金项目: 

    中国地质调查局项目 1212011220796

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      张毅(1988-),男,博士研究生,从事地层学、古生物学及页岩气地质学研究.ORCID: 0000-0002-2714-1407. E-mail: zhangyi13667257871@163.com

      通讯作者:

      冯庆来,E-mail: qinglaifeng@cug.edu.cn

    • 中图分类号: P539

    Distribution Characteristics and Enrichment Factors of Organic Matter in Upper Permian Dalong Formation of Shangsi Section, Guangyuan, Sichuan Basin

    • 摘要: 四川盆地上二叠统大隆组富有机质硅质泥岩是页岩气勘探的一套重要目的层系.利用扫描电子显微镜和元素地球化学等方法探究大隆组有机质类型、分布特征及富集因素,对该地区非常规油气勘探具有指导意义.根据扫描电镜图片,上寺剖面大隆组有机质按形态可分为形态有机质、弥散有机质和沥青.三者成因不同,形态有机质是选择性保存的结果,以离散状分布在所有岩性样品中;弥散有机质是大隆组有机碳总量(total organic carbon,TOC)的主体,主要分布在硅质泥岩样品中,硅质灰岩样品中极少,体现了粘土矿物的吸附作用;沥青是可溶有机质运移进入孔、缝系统,经高热演化后形成的块状有机质,主要分布于硅质灰岩和灰岩样品中.该剖面地球化学数据显示缺氧沉积环境有利于有机质保存,但海洋表层生产力才是控制TOC含量变化的主要因素.研究表明,晚二叠世海平面上升导致上寺剖面大隆组表层生产力增加及底层海水缺氧,该组富有机质黑色硅质泥岩段高TOC是沉积环境与矿物吸附共同作用的结果,同时也反映了原生有机质保存情况.更好的理解泥质烃源岩中有机质赋存类型有助于烃源岩评价及非常规油气勘探开发工作.

       

    • 图  1  华南长兴期古地理图及上寺剖面位置

      Feng and Algeo(2014)

      Fig.  1.  Changhsingian palaeogeography map of South China and Shangsi section location

      图  3  形态有机质扫描电镜特征

      所有照片两张为一组,显示同一区域,每组第一张为SE照片,第二张为BSE照片.a、b.丝状胞外聚合物,样品SS15-3;c、d.疑源类(Dictyotidium),样品SS21-13;e、f.形态有机质,右上角箭头指示丝状有机质,虚线椭圆内为疑源类化石,样品SS16-23 TOC=11.18;g、h.具刺疑源类化石残片,样品SS16-1

      Fig.  3.  Characteristics of morphological organic matter in scanning electron microscope

      图  4  扫描电镜下弥散有机质分布特征及能谱图

      样品279-2 TOC=10.53.所有照片两张为一组,显示同一区域,每组第一张为SE照片,第二张为BSE照片.a、b.斑状分布弥散有机质;c、d.图b白色方框区域放大图像.Spot1~Spot4显示图d中弥散有机质成分特征.OM.有机质;Cl.粘土矿物;Sp.能谱点

      Fig.  4.  Disperse organic matter distribution characteristics in SEM and the graph of energy disperse spectrum

      图  5  扫描电镜下沥青分布特征及能谱图

      照片a~d两张为一组,显示同一区域,每组第一张为SE照片,第二张为BSE照片.a、b.块状沥青,样品284-14 TOC=2.61;c、d.储存在孔洞中的沥青,样品287-32 TOC=0.39;e.孔洞中沥青,贝壳状断口,样品288-39 TOC=0.48;f.储存在裂隙中的沥青,样品SS277-5.Spot5、Spot6.展示沥青成分特征.Sp.能谱点;OM.有机质;Cl.粘土矿物;Cal.方解石;Q.石英

      Fig.  5.  Bitumen distribution characteristics in SEM and the graph of energy disperse spectrum

      图  6  大隆组TOC及古海洋沉积环境指标曲线

      Nixs、Znxs指示古海洋生产力,Uxs、Moxs、Vxs、Vxs/(Vxs+Nixs)为氧化还原指标;牙形石带据Jiang et al.(2011)

      Fig.  6.  TOC and paleo-oceanic sedimentary environment profile of the Dalong Formation

      图  2  上寺剖面野外照片

      a.大隆组整体照片,16层以下为吴家坪阶,17层开始为长兴阶;b.16层下部黑色硅质泥岩;c.17层黑色硅质泥岩,厚层灰岩为18层底部;d.18层黑色硅质泥岩照片;e.19~22层硅质灰岩

      Fig.  2.  Field photo of Shangsi section

      图  7  大隆组TOC与Moxs, Nixs含量的关系

      Moxs含量代表氧化还原程度;Nixs代表生产力水平

      Fig.  7.  Relationship between the TOC and content of Moxs, Nixs

      图  8  上寺剖面大隆组有机质赋存综合图

      牙形石带据Jiang et al.(2011); 部分放射虫和有孔虫数据聂小妹等(2012)

      Fig.  8.  Synthetic diagram for organic matter enrichment in Dalong Formation of Shangsi section

      图  9  海平面控制大隆组沉积模式

      a.Ⅱ段地层沉积模式,海平面高,生产力高,水体还原,以弥散有机质为主;b.Ⅰ段地层沉积模式,低海平面,水体氧化,以块状沥青为主

      Fig.  9.  Sea-level-controlled models explaining black siliceous mudstone sediments in Dalong Formation

      表  1  上寺剖面大隆组地球化学数据

      Table  1.   Geochemical data of Dalong Formation, Shangsi section

      层号 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21
      样品号 292-6 292-4 291-8 291-7 291-6 291-5 291-4 291-3 291-2 291-1 290-10 290-9 290-8-1 290-7 290-6 290-5 290-4
      TOC 0.30 1.70 0.33 0.54 0.23 0.46 0.48 0.57 1.38 0.40 1.91 0.61 0.39 0.70 0.28 0.60 0.79
      TiO2 0.08 0.13 0.04 0.08 0.03 0.09 0.04 0.07 0.18 0.25 0.34 0.16 0.15 0.22 0.12 0.22 0.17
      Ni 20.28 40.98 11.08 33.95 8.17 22.75 19.07 21.81 41.30 24.77 74.20 30.66 38.30 67.97 17.47 55.55 16.52
      Zn 24.39 43.98 13.27 45.78 11.36 32.87 24.20 32.07 53.19 41.80 89.19 48.03 65.35 92.16 26.50 97.94 31.92
      V 21.81 142.37 16.56 50.88 16.19 70.25 42.99 49.72 116.94 60.70 165.49 72.70 54.28 93.01 26.61 74.67 30.59
      Mo 3.61 5.91 1.04 2.56 0.98 2.52 3.91 3.41 9.94 4.87 13.80 5.59 3.34 5.27 1.97 6.21 2.66
      U 5.18 6.70 4.91 5.23 5.75 10.95 9.78 8.86 11.72 7.44 5.19 8.87 4.58 5.49 5.26 3.02 5.14
      层号 21 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19
      样品号 289-3 289-2 289-1-2 288-42 288-41 288-39 288-37 288-34 287-32 287-29 287-26 286-22 286-17 286-14 285-12 285-9 285-6
      TOC 0.62 0.83 3.72 0.51 0.37 0.48 0.36 0.42 0.39 0.18 4.82 3.94 2.95 1.45 1.81 2.40 0.79
      TiO2 0.07 0.30 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.15 0.08 0.14 0.05 0.22 0.12 0.04 0.07 0.04 0.15 0.02
      Ni 27.13 45.04 45.87 10.69 25.17 8.55 155.04 32.72 32.41 20.39 67.66 14.90
      Zn 32.37 77.35 28.15 8.86 45.20 15.53 124.05 26.23 30.89 17.91 85.80 14.62
      V 55.04 123.71 259.45 38.91 48.46 14.23 218.30 269.33 143.62 201.69 125.45 37.88
      Mo 2.78 6.34 2.93 3.93 1.97 14.18 23.07 9.03 11.02 15.91 4.05
      U 6.96 7.43 16.96 7.57 5.63 2.30 23.66 9.31 5.72 11.31 6.75 3.87
      层号 19 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
      样品号 285-2 284-14 284-7 284-2 283-9 283-6 283-1 282-15 282-11 282-8 282-3 281-13 281-10 281-7 281-3 281-1 280-13
      TOC 0.47 2.61 9.77 1.57 0.80 2.27 4.39 2.87 4.72 4.13 4.27 2.24 3.70 1.76 2.33 8.78
      TiO2 0.01 0.16 0.37 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.05 0.20 0.08 0.07 0.04 0.09 0.05 0.09 0.19
      Ni 9.72 60.18 166.10 33.76 25.74 59.49 79.98 57.34 115.34 106.47 92.20 47.24 68.34 33.89 61.86 129.36
      Zn 10.16 89.99 215.22 57.08 41.12 75.75 83.50 56.84 134.69 85.94 54.40 58.33 64.08 37.86 55.24 105.36
      V 18.75 147.17 275.14 52.85 37.59 74.55 139.03 118.56 299.25 515.80 696.35 237.80 170.11 155.08 265.84 820.57
      Mo 1.82 8.15 38.90 5.28 5.14 7.63 9.72 9.70 36.66 112.52 200.99 35.43 13.77 14.20 49.83 72.40
      U 3.52 4.39 2.54 6.08 8.56 7.45 8.88 6.19 9.78 27.69 19.82 17.45 10.68 14.62 10.35 34.02
      层号 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 17 17 17 17 17 17 16
      样品号 280-9 280-6 280-2 279-15-2 279-12 279-7 279-2 278-7 278-5 278-1 277-4 277-2 276-3 276-1 275-1 274-1 16-40
      TOC 3.24 7.54 2.71 14.00 5.44 7.50 10.53 3.60 0.34 8.41 7.31 4.78 4.04 5.48 5.47 5.29 11.32
      TiO2 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.19 0.14 0.15 0.19 0.07 0.09 .012 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.17 0.08 0.13 0.23
      Ni 57.00 106.79 41.78 152.06 113.06 144.20 177.38 57.38 24.41 88.75 116.27 94.30 61.78 108.00 80.28 130.32 140.72
      Zn 36.43 61.91 23.83 88.98 112.38 102.74 139.74 54.05 22.14 68.69 37.48 94.49 32.87 53.21 43.76 96.01 114.26
      V 373.36 775.06 293.73 1111.99 340.34 548.89 1001.71 202.51 232.78 258.93 590.56 480.24 446.09 968.28 434.82 1475.39 1139.40
      Mo 44.72 143.52 58.24 250.00 32.47 173.63 207.42 46.51 6.66 26.08 105.90 63.44 55.87 190.79 27.73 63.87 123.48
      U 20.60 49.03 33.90 46.32 18.12 17.31 32.57 19.14 1.96 13.85 7.87 65.85 11.02 13.41 37.04 20.09 14.05
      层号 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 15 15 15 15 15
      样品号 16-37 16-34 16-31 16-28 16-26 16-23 16-16 16-14 16-12 16-10 16-8 16-4 16-1 15-2 15-4 15-5 15-7 15-15 PAAS
      TOC 5.50 8.27 1.37 5.17 6.14 11.18 9.54 15.74 9.18 12.03 9.08 4.78 10.63 0.51 2.27 5.54 0.33 4.00
      TiO2 0.19 014 0.03 0.20 0.57 0.24 0.24 0.26 0.14 0.26 0.22 0.12 0.19 0.39 0.12 0.37 0.04 0.19 1.00
      Ni 99.42 146.72 25.87 78.03 121.60 190.29 211.12 287.22 149.81 187.02 160.04 121.54 123.06 99.91 57.16 178.37 20.08 77.05 55.00
      Zn 80.03 96.06 20.87 77.67 111.46 125.88 153.75 210.37 101.38 145.95 124.66 111.84 151.26 153.24 57.07 152.79 17.00 109.19 85.00
      V 715.67 1133.68 191.49 681.26 949.65 1541.57 951.42 1369.05 1004.84 1428.88 879.31 174.46 197.81 63.59 82.32 174.54 16.55 130.74 150.00
      Mo 56.85 142.64 32.02 45.16 62.03 112.43 79.17 106.10 46.41 108.36 58.39 16.12 9.22 3.24 7.56 15.00 7.61 8.38 1.00
      U 11.63 12.32 14.32 8.97 17.64 11.13 37.48 39.20 55.79 47.28 11.74 11.21 8.11 5.16 7.21 10.27 5.50 7.52 3.10
        注:TOC,TiO2单位为%;Ni、Zn、V、Mo、U单位为10-6;后太古宙平均页岩数据引自Taylor and Mclennan(1985).
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  上寺剖面大隆组弥散有机质和沥青能谱元素分析结果

      Table  2.   EDS results of AOM in Dalong Formation, Shangsi section

      样品 点号 元素含量(%) 描述
      C O Al Si S K Ca Fe Na Mg Ti
      SS279-2 Spot1 38.51 31.76 5.24 19.78 1.31 2.20 1.20 弥散有机质
      SS279-2 Spot2 50.84 29.41 2.42 13.73 1.73 1.48 0.40 弥散有机质
      SS279-2 Spot3 67.76 14.45 1.56 13.19 1.99 0.61 0.44 弥散有机质
      SS279-2 Spot4 36.13 36.93 4.62 15.72 1.96 1.67 1.29 0.73 0.96 弥散有机质
      SS287-32 Spot5 75.64 12.26 2.51 9.59 块状有机质
      SS-288-39 Spot6 94.66 5.34 块状有机质
      下载: 导出CSV
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