湘东锡田燕山期A型花岗岩黑云母矿物化学特征及其成岩成矿意义

周云; 梁新权; 蔡永丰; 付伟

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2017.557

湘东锡田燕山期A型花岗岩黑云母矿物化学特征及其成岩成矿意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.557

周云^1,2,,
梁新权³,
蔡永丰^1,2,
付伟^1,2

1.
桂林理工大学广西隐伏金属矿产勘查重点实验室，广西桂林541004
2.
广西有色金属隐伏矿床勘查及材料开发协同创新中心，广西桂林541004
3.
中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，广东广州510640

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41503021

国家自然科学基金项目 41502180

国土资源部公益科研专项 201211024-03

广西高等学校科学研究项目重点项目 KY2015ZD052

广西自然科学基金项目 2014GXNSFAA118304

桂林理工大学科研启动费资助项目 002401003472

广西自然科学基金项目 2015GXNSFBA139204

详细信息

作者简介:
周云(1988-)，女，讲师，博士，主要从事构造地质学及地球化学研究工作

中图分类号: P57
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-01-16
- 刊出日期: 2017-10-18

Petrogenesis and Mineralization of Xitian Tin-Tungsten Polymetallic Deposit: Constraints from Mineral Chemistry of Biotite from Xitian A-Type Granite, Eastern Hunan Province

Zhou Yun^{1,2
,},
Liang Xinquan³,
Cai Yongfeng^1,2,
Fu Wei^1,2

1.
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Hidden Metallic Ore Deposits Exploration, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin541004, China
2.
Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Hidden Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Development of New Materials, Guilin541004, China
3.
Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, China

摘要

摘要: 黑云母的化学组成特征对揭示花岗岩的源区特征、形成环境、后期热液作用以及成矿元素富集特征具有重要的指示意义.对与锡田钨锡多金属矿床成矿作用密切相关的锡田燕山早期花岗岩黑云母和长石成分进行了系统的电子探针分析.分析结果表明，黑云母具有富铁贫镁、高铝低钠的特征，其MgO和FeO^T含量分别为0.12%~1.35%和15.47%~23.24%，类似于高铁黑云母；其含铁指数Fe/(Fe+Mg)较高，集中在0.87~0.99，属于铁叶云母；其长石主要以正长石和钠长石为主.这些特征暗示了寄主岩石源区以壳源为主.结合相关区域地质资料，表明锡田燕山早期花岗质岩浆具有较高的温度和较低的氧逸度.黑云母具有高的含铁指数、较高的结晶温度和低的氧逸度等特征均有利于锡成矿，可以作为勘探锡矿的标志之一.综合分析认为，在锡田花岗质岩浆演化过程中，岩浆结晶期后分异出的流体趋向于向富锡的方向演化，是锡田多金属矿床成矿流体的重要来源.
- 黑云母 /
- 矿物成分 /
- 成岩成矿 /
- 花岗岩 /
- 锡田钨锡多金属矿床 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: Chemical composition of biotite is always used to reveal source characteristics, tectonic environment, late hydrothermal process and enrichment of ore-forming elements. The Xitian tin-tungsten polymetallic deposit is one of the most important polygenetic compound deposits in South China. This study presents detailed mineral composition of biotites and feldspars from Xitian granite, which is closely related to the formation of the deposit. Electron microprobe analyzer (EMPA) analysis indicates that the biotites have low MgO (0.12%-1.35%) and high FeO^T (15.47%-23.24%) contents with Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios of 0.87 to 0.99, resembling to those of siderophyllite. These features indicate that their host rocks were mainly derived from partial melting of crustal materials. Estimation results of crystallization temperatures and oxygen fugacity suggest that the Xitian granite has high crystallization temperatures and low oxygen fugacities. Therefore, it is proposed that hydrothermal fluids during the late stage of magmatic evolution are favour of Sn enrichment. These hydrothermal fluids could be an important source of ore-forming fluids. High iron indexes and crystallization temperatures and low oxygen fugacities in the ore-forming system are favorable for mineralization of Xitian tin-tungsten deposit.
- biotite /
- mineral composition /
- petrogenesis and mineralization /
- granite /
- Xitian tin-tungsten polymetallic deposit /
- geochemistry

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图 1 锡田钨锡多金属矿床地质简图

图 1据伍式崇等(2009).1.第四系；2.岩关阶(C₁y)；3.锡矿山组下段(D₃x²)；4.锡矿山组上段(D₃x¹)；5.佘田桥组(D₃s)；6.棋梓桥组(D₂q)；7.跳马涧组(D₂t)；8.奥陶系上统(O₃)；9.燕山早期细粒黑(二)云母花岗岩(γ₅²)；10.印支期中粒斑状黑云母花岗岩(γ₅¹)；11.矽卡岩型钨锡多金属矿体；12.破碎带蚀变岩型钨锡多金属矿脉；13.石英脉-云英岩型钨锡矿脉；14.断层；15.不整合地质界线；16.采样位置

Fig. 1. Geological schematic map of Xitian tin-tungsten polymetallic deposit

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图 2 锡田燕山早期花岗岩显微照片(a~d)及背散射图像(e~f)

Bt.黑云母；Pl.斜长石；Kfs.钾长石；Qtz.石英

Fig. 2. Microscope (a-d) and BSE (e-f) photographs of Xitian granite

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图 3 锡田燕山早期花岗岩黑云母(a)MgO-FeO^T/(FeO^T+MgO)和(b)Si-Fe/(Fe+Mg)图解

图a据周作侠(1988)；图b据Rieder et al.(1998)

Fig. 3. Plots of (a) MgO-FeO^T/(FeO^T+MgO) and (b) Si-Fe/(Fe+Mg) of biotite from Xitian granite

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图 4 锡田燕山早期花岗岩长石Or-Ab-An图解

Fig. 4. Plot of Or-Ab-An of feldspar from Xitian granite

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图 5 锡田燕山早期花岗岩黑云母MgO-FeO^T-Al₂O₃图解

据Abdel-Rahman(1994)

Fig. 5. Plot of MgO-FeO^T-Al₂O₃ of biotite from Xitian granite

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图 6 锡田燕山早期花岗岩黑云母Fe³⁺-Fe²⁺-Mg²⁺图解

据Wones and Eugster(1965)

Fig. 6. Plot of Fe³⁺-Fe²⁺-Mg²⁺ of biotite from Xitian granite

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图 7 锡田燕山早期花岗岩黑云母Mg²⁺-(Fe²⁺+Mn²⁺)-(Al³⁺+ Fe³⁺+ Ti⁴⁺)图解

A.锡钨稀土等含矿花岗岩中的铁质黑云母; B.未发现矿化花岗岩中的黑云母; C.与斑岩铜钼矿化有关的镁质黑云母; D.与钒钛磁铁矿及玢岩铁矿有关的镁质黑云母

Fig. 7. Plot of Mg²⁺-(Fe²⁺+ Mn²⁺)-(Al³⁺+ Fe³⁺+Ti⁴⁺) of biotite from Xitian granite

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表 1 锡田燕山早期花岗岩黑云母成分(%)

Table 1. Composition of biotite from Xitian granite (%)

样品号	ZK10C02-20										ZK10C02-30	ZK14B04-12
SiO₂	42.05	40.41	40.22	39.60	37.42	38.83	40.59	38.83	37.34	39.94	38.50	37.93	39.63	40.16	39.78	37.72	37.47	38.87	38.22	38.04
TiO₂	0.55	1.09	0.93	1.49	1.61	0.83	0.73	0.85	2.07	0.52	0.86	0.21	0.17	0.36	0.41	0.25	0.22	0.16	0.25	0.33
Al₂O₃	21.75	21.19	21.34	21.02	20.34	20.56	20.84	20.65	19.53	20.72	22.69	22.32	23.02	23.53	22.96	22.04	22.33	22.57	22.13	22.20
FeO	13.74	15.91	16.70	17.78	20.25	17.70	15.21	16.43	20.38	15.68	18.13	20.02	20.35	18.82	19.44	20.31	19.90	19.51	20.14	21.01
Fe₂O₃	1.92	2.14	2.21	2.31	2.36	2.24	2.03	2.11	2.36	2.06	2.33	2.46	2.54	2.42	2.47	2.42	2.36	2.39	2.42	2.47
MnO	0.71	0.72	0.69	0.77	0.29	0.27	0.27	0.29	0.29	0.30	1.14	0.81	0.81	0.80	0.74	0.36	0.31	0.34	0.37	0.31
MgO	0.76	0.94	1.22	1.22	1.15	1.35	1.28	1.20	1.27	1.24	0.20	0.13	0.17	0.16	0.12	0.28	0.24	0.20	0.23	0.24
CaO	0.01	-	0.06	0.06	0.01	0.08	0.10	0.08	0.15	0.16	0.05	0.06	-	-	-	0.18	0.05	0.00	0.03	0.16
Na₂O	0.14	0.13	0.15	0.07	0.14	0.16	0.15	0.15	0.17	0.16	0.19	0.07	0.07	0.13	0.15	0.19	0.20	0.16	0.15	0.18
K₂O	9.84	9.76	9.71	9.72	10.56	10.11	10.76	10.80	10.49	10.87	9.65	9.61	9.73	9.95	9.81	10.08	10.38	10.54	10.37	10.18
Cr₂O₃	0.06	0.01	-	0.02	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.08	0.02	-	0.02	0.02	-	-	-	-	-
Total	91.34	92.07	93.00	93.83	93.90	91.92	91.77	91.17	93.84	91.46	93.57	93.39	96.23	96.11	95.64	93.57	93.25	94.52	94.05	94.87
Si	6.66	6.45	6.39	6.29	6.08	6.31	6.51	6.35	6.08	6.46	6.15	6.13	6.19	6.23	6.22	6.11	6.09	6.19	6.15	6.09
Al_Ⅳ	1.34	1.55	1.61	1.72	1.93	1.69	1.49	1.65	1.92	1.54	1.85	1.87	1.81	1.77	1.78	1.89	1.91	1.81	1.85	1.91
Al_Ⅵ	2.71	2.44	2.38	2.21	1.96	2.25	2.45	2.32	1.83	2.41	2.42	2.38	2.42	2.52	2.45	2.31	2.36	2.43	2.34	2.28
Ti	0.07	0.13	0.11	0.18	0.20	0.10	0.09	0.10	0.25	0.06	0.10	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.04
Fe³⁺	0.23	0.26	0.26	0.28	0.29	0.27	0.25	0.26	0.29	0.25	0.28	0.30	0.30	0.28	0.29	0.29	0.29	0.29	0.29	0.30
Fe²⁺	1.82	2.12	2.22	2.36	2.75	2.41	2.04	2.25	2.78	2.12	2.42	2.71	2.66	2.44	2.54	2.75	2.70	2.60	2.71	2.81
Mn	0.10	0.10	0.09	0.10	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.15	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.10	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.04
Mg	0.18	0.22	0.29	0.29	0.28	0.33	0.31	0.29	0.31	0.30	0.05	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.07	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.06
Ca	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.03	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.03
Na	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.02	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.06	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.06
K	1.99	1.99	1.97	1.97	2.19	2.10	2.20	2.25	2.18	2.25	1.97	1.98	1.94	1.97	1.96	2.08	2.15	2.14	2.13	2.08
Cr	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	-	-	-	-	-
Fe/(Fe+Mg)	0.91	0.90	0.89	0.89	0.91	0.88	0.87	0.88	0.90	0.88	0.98	0.99	0.99	0.99	0.99	0.98	0.98	0.98	0.98	0.98
Mg/(Fe+Mg)	0.09	0.10	0.11	0.11	0.09	0.12	0.13	0.12	0.10	0.12	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
T(℃)	-	413	328	515	540	247	-	277	597	-	265	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
注：T={[ln(Ti)-a-c(X_Mg)³]/b}^0.333，其中X_Mg=Mg/(Mg+Fe), a=-2.359 4, b=4.648 2×10^-9, c=-1.728 3.

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表 2 锡田燕山早期花岗岩长石成分(%)

Table 2. Composition of feldspar from Xitian granite (%)

样品	ZK10C02-20		ZK10C02-30								ZK14B04-12
SiO₂	68.10	67.20	62.67	63.18	64.16	61.43	64.16	62.40	64.08	63.40	67.88	67.82	67.60	66.35	67.46	66.73
TiO₂	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.00	0.01	0.26	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01
Al₂O₃	19.43	18.66	17.24	17.06	17.99	17.12	17.89	17.12	17.87	17.91	18.92	19.11	19.11	18.37	18.48	18.70
FeO	0.08	0.00	0.06	0.01	0.02	0.11	0.05	0.05	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.01
MnO	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.00	0.03	0.02
MgO	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.03
CaO	0.27	0.06	0.11	0.07	0.04	0.17	0.12	0.11	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.80	0.37	0.18	0.14	0.52
Na₂O	10.71	10.61	1.18	0.29	0.84	0.44	0.38	0.87	0.33	0.83	11.07	11.23	10.47	10.38	10.71	10.52
K₂O	0.14	0.21	15.90	17.38	16.78	14.98	17.36	16.42	17.34	16.58	0.15	0.25	0.14	0.20	0.17	0.21
Total	98.74	96.75	97.16	98.02	99.85	94.31	100.00	97.04	99.74	98.80	98.12	99.55	97.77	95.57	97.03	96.75
Si	12.01	12.09	11.99	12.03	11.96	12.03	11.96	11.98	11.97	11.94	12.06	11.94	12.04	12.09	12.11	12.03
Al	4.04	3.95	3.88	3.83	3.95	3.95	3.93	3.87	3.93	3.97	3.96	3.96	4.01	3.94	3.91	3.97
Ti	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Ca	0.05	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.04	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.15	0.07	0.04	0.03	0.10
Na	3.66	3.70	0.44	0.11	0.30	0.17	0.14	0.32	0.12	0.30	3.81	3.83	3.61	3.67	3.73	3.68
K	0.03	0.05	3.88	4.22	3.99	3.74	4.13	4.02	4.13	3.98	0.03	0.06	0.03	0.05	0.04	0.05
Ab	97.8	98.4	10.1	2.4	7.1	4.2	3.2	7.4	2.8	7.1	98.8	94.9	97.3	97.8	98.3	96.2
An	1.4	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.9	0.6	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.3	3.7	1.9	0.9	0.7	2.6
Or	0.8	1.3	89.4	97.2	92.7	94.9	96.2	92.1	96.9	92.7	0.9	1.4	0.9	1.2	1.0	1.2

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