Relationship of Fault with Hydrocarbon Migration and Accumulation in Longfengshan Area, Changling Faulted Depression
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摘要: 长岭断陷龙凤山地区具有“下生上储、他源成藏”特征，明确断裂与油气运聚的关系对指导其油气勘探具有重要意义.在分析断裂静态特征的基础上，分别定量评价断裂的活动性、封闭性以及断-盖配置关系，并提出了评价断-盖配置有效性的“SGR下限”法(SGR全称是Shale Gouge Ratio)，结合油气藏静态分布特征，探讨了断裂对油气差异聚集的控制作用.研究结果表明，第1期油气成藏早中期，断裂可大规模输导油气；第1期晚期及第2期油气成藏时，主干反向断裂形成的封闭“走廊”空间为油气提供聚集场所.应用“SGR下限”法，认为营Ⅲ砂组断-盖配置关系较好，为油气提供良好的保存条件.断裂控烃作用体现在3个方面，断裂的活动性控制了油气不同时期的垂向运移规模，断裂的封闭差异性控制了油气富集程度，断-盖配置关系控制了油气的富集层系.Abstract: Reservoirs in Longfengshan area are characterized by "other-source, generation in lower part, storage and accumulation in the upper part". It faclitates the hydrocarbon exploration by determining the fault control to hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Based on precise illustration of the static characteristics of faults, fault activity, sealing capacity and fault-caprock configuration are evaluated quantitatively in this study. In addition, a method of SGR (Shale Gouge Ratio) lower limit for assessing fault-caprock configuration effectiveness is proposed. Combined with hydrocarbon distribution, the controlling effect on the differential accumulation of hydrocarbon is discussed. The study shows that hydrocarbon can migrate vertically through faults on a large scale at the early and middle stages of the first accumulation period. At the end of the first and the second accumulation periods, sealing corridor space formed by two faults is the main hydrocarbon accumulation site. Application of the SGR lower limit method indicates that fault-caprock configuration of K1yc3 is good enough to provide favourable conditions for hydrocarbon conservation. Consequently, the effect of faults controlling on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation can be summarized into following three aspects. This is fault activity controls the hydrocarbon vertical migration scale in different stages; fault sealing capacity controls the horizontal enrichment degree of hydrocarbon, and fault-caprock configuration controls petroliferous reservoir.
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图 1 龙凤山地区区域构造图顶(K1yc)及地层综合柱状图
Fig. 1. Regional structural map (the top of K1yc) and strata histogram of Longfengshan area
图 2 龙凤山地区各时期断层活动速率直方图
Fig. 2. The histogram of fault active rate in different stages in Longfengshan area
图 3 不同构造带断裂活动期与成藏期匹配图
Fig. 3. The configuration of accumulation period and fault active stage in different structural belts
图 4 第1期油气成藏时断裂类型分布图(K1yc3顶)
Fig. 4. The distribution of different type faults in the first period of hydrocarbon accumulation in Longfengshan area (top of K1yc3)
图 6 F5断裂不同部位泥岩涂抹特征图
Fig. 6. Clay smear oharacteristics in different positions of F5 fault
图 8 平行F4断裂下降盘波阻抗反演剖面(剖面M)及其上升盘油气藏剖面(剖面N)对比
Fig. 8. Comparison of wave impedance inversion section (Section M) of downthrown side and hydrocarbon accumulation section (Section N) of uplifted side paralleled to F4 fault
图 9 F10断层封闭性及其与油气的关系
Fig. 9. F10 fault sealing characteristic and its relationship with hydrocarbon distribution
图 10 龙凤山地区营Ⅲ砂组断-盖配置评价测点位置
Fig. 10. Measure point location for assessing fault-caprock configuration in K1yc3 Formation in Longfengshan area
图 11 龙凤山地区地层岩石排替压力与其埋深、泥质含量乘积之间的关系
Fig. 11. Relation among displacement pressure and product of buried depth and mudstone content in Longfengshan area
表 1 龙凤山地区断层岩与储层排替压力计算参数
Table 1. The current calculation parameters for fault rock and reservoir displacement pressure in Longfengshan area
断
层测
点埋
深
(m)储层泥
质含量
(%)储层排
替压力
(MPa)断层成
岩时间
(Ma)围岩成
岩时间
(Ma)cosθ SGR 断层成
岩深度
(m)断层岩排
替压力
(MPa)排替压
力差
(MPa)断-盖配置有
效性的SGR
下限值最大油
柱高度
(m)F4 1 2 826 12.2 0.729 106.125 113.64 0.813 0.46 1 294.013 0.961 0.231 0.266 118.05 2 2 675 13.7 0.747 105.4 113.64 0.800 0.45 1 196.833 0.903 0.156 0.306 79.44 3 2 560 13.8 0.736 106.125 113.64 0.782 0.47 1 128.149 0.894 0.158 0.313 80.72 4 2 496 12.5 0.704 108 113.64 0.595 0.54 851.196 0.828 0.124 0.367 63.30 5 2 240 12.5 0.679 105.4 113.64 0.554 0.49 694.717 0.726 0.047 0.403 23.81 F5 6 2 975 9.3 0.677 106.125 113.64 0.831 0.56 1 392.57 1.177 0.500 0.199 255.28 7 2 810 13.6 0.760 106.125 113.64 0.940 0.42 1 487.154 0.992 0.232 0.257 118.52 8 2 700 13.6 0.748 102.5 113.64 0.890 0.48 1 307.329 0.995 0.247 0.281 126.47 9 2 550 14.5 0.750 108 113.64 0.826 0.52 1 207.737 0.996 0.246 0.306 125.68 F2 10 2 000 16.6 0.719 106.125 113.64 0.893 0.67 1 005.997 1.048 0.219 0.330 111.62 F9 11 3 000 8.9 0.670 105.4 113.64 0.554 0.52 930.425 0.850 0.180 0.287 92.02 F10 12 3 500 13.1 0.857 99 113.64 0.558 0.58 1 026.271 0.961 0.134 0.447 68.46 F15 13 3 950 14.4 0.897 105.4 113.64 0.605 0.40 1 252.498 0.866 -0.031 0.425 / F19 14 3 700 16.9 1.040 108 113.64 0.447 0.53 1 012.087 0.901 -0.140 0.660 / F11 15 2 388 15.8 0.756 103.95 113.64 0.750 0.38 988.171 0.754 -0.002 0.382 / 
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