Geochemical Characteristics and Zircon U-Pb Age of the Granodiorite-Norite Gabbro in the Northern Margin of the North China Block and Their Formation Mechanism
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摘要: 华北板块北缘中段土牧尔台地区发育大量的酸性侵入岩，仅局部出露一些苏长辉长岩岩体.前人对该基性岩岩体的研究较少，且缺少其与周围同时代酸性侵入岩演化关系的讨论.基于年代学和地球化学方法，锆石U-Pb测年结果显示，花岗闪长岩年龄为275.3±2.6 Ma，苏长辉长岩为270.1±4.2 Ma，两者均为早二叠世产出.苏长辉长岩贫硅（SiO2=46.2%~49.8%）和高场强元素（Nb、Ti、Zr等），富Mg#（59.16~67.58）和大离子亲石元素（Cs、Ba、Sr等），具有较低的稀土总量和较平缓的配分曲线，及Eu正异常（δEu=1.02~2.41），显示幔源侵入岩的特点；花岗闪长岩SiO2含量在65.6%~67.0%之间，K2O含量为3.71%~4.15%，为准铝质系列（A/CNK=0.94~0.98），属于高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩.样品富集轻稀土、大离子亲石元素（Cs、Rb、K等），亏损重稀土元素、高场强元素（Nb、Ti、Th等），存在Eu负异常（δEu=0.61~0.69），具有大陆弧火山岩的特征，同时岩石中存在镁铁质包体，表明其岩浆来源是壳幔混源的.两者的时空关系及地球化学特征显示，基性岩浆来自于受俯冲流体交代的亏损岩石圈地幔，底侵加热地壳产生花岗质岩浆并与之发生混合作用.结合区域研究背景，表明花岗闪长岩-苏长辉长岩岩体形成于俯冲的构造背景下，且在早二叠世，古亚洲洋仍未闭合.Abstract: There are many acid intrusive rocks and a few norite gabbros in Tumuertai, located in central-northern margin of the North China Block. The research on the norite gabbro is limited and the evolution between the norite gabbro and cotemporary intrusive rocks has hardly been discussed. Base on the method of chronology and geochemistry, SHRIMP zircon U-Pb data indicate that the formation age of the granodiorite is 275.3±2.6 Ma; LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data indicate that the formation age of the norite gabbro is 270.1±4.2 Ma, and both were formed in the Early-Permian. Geochemical data indicate that the norite gabbro is depleted in SiO2 (46.2%-49.8%) and high field strength elements (HFSEs, e.g., Nb, Ti and Zr), and is enriched in Mg# (59.16-67.58) and large ion lithophile elements (LILEs, e.g., Cs, Ba and Sr), and displays low REE abundances and flat REE pattern with obviously positive Eu anomalies (δEu=1.02-2.41), which is similar to mantle derived intrusive rocks. These granodiorite samples have SiO2=65.6%-67.0%, K2O=3.71%-4.15%, A/CNK=0.94-0.98, belong to high-K calc-alkaline I-type granitoids. They also show strong enrichments in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and LILEs (e.g., Cs, Rb and K), and depletions in HFSEs (e.g., Nb, Ta and Th) and heavy rare earth (HREEs), with weakly negative Eu anomalies (δEu=0.61-0.69). Combining with its common mafic inclusions, we consider that its primary magma could be possibly contributed by magma mixing in a continental arc setting. The spatio-temporal relationship of the granodiorite-norite gabbro and their geochemical characteristics suggest that mafic magmas derived from the depleted mantle wedge which was metasomatized by the subducted slab-derived magma. The mafic magmas not only heated to melt the crust, but also mixed with the crust-derived melts to form the diverse granitoids. In summary, we conclude that the granodiorite-norite gabbro formed in a subduction tectonic setting and the Paleo-Asian Ocean was not closed in Early Permian.
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图 1 内蒙中部区域构造简图(a)和研究区地质简图(b, c)
Fig. 1. Regional tectonic sketch of middle Inner Mongolia (a) and regional geological sketch of the study area (b, c)
图 2 花岗闪长岩和苏长辉长岩的野外和镜下照片
a.花岗闪长岩野外照片；b, c.花岗闪长岩中包体；d.苏长辉长岩野外照片；e.花岗闪长岩正交偏光照片；f.苏长辉长岩正交偏光照片.Am.角闪石；Pl.斜长石；Bi.黑云母；Cpx.单斜辉石；Hy.紫苏辉石；Ol.橄榄石
Fig. 2. Specimen photos and photomicrographs of the granodiorite and norite gabbro
图 3 锆石阴极发光照片
Fig. 3. CL images of the dated zircons for granodiorite and norite gabbro
图 4 花岗闪长岩与苏长辉长岩的锆石U-Pb谐和图
Fig. 4. Concordia diagrams showing zircon U-Pb dating results of granodiorite and norite gabbro
图 5 花岗闪长岩和苏长辉长岩的TAS(a)和SiO2-K2O图解(b)
图a据Bas et al.(1986)；图b据Peccerillo and Taylor(1976)
Fig. 5. TAS diagram (a) and SiO2-K2O diagram (b) for the granodiorite and norite gabbro
图 6 花岗闪长岩和苏长辉长岩的稀土元素配分模式(a, c)和微量元素蛛网图(b, d)
图a, c中的标准化值据Boynton(1984)；图b, d中的标准化值据Sun and McDonough(1989)；阴影统计数据Zhang et al.(2009a, 2009b)、罗红玲等(2009)
Fig. 6. The REE distribution patterns (a, c) and the spider diagrams (b, d) of trace elements ratio of granodiorite and norite gabbro
图 7 华北板块北缘二叠纪火成岩分布
年龄数据据表 3
Fig. 7. The distribution of the Permian igneous rocks in the northern margin of the North China Block
图 8 苏长辉长岩的La/Ba-La/Nb图解(a)和Ba/La-Th/Yb图解(b)
图a据Saunders et al.(1992)；图b据Woodhead et al.(2001)
Fig. 8. La/Ba vs La/Nb (a) and Ba/La vs Th/Yb (b) diagrams for the norite gabbro
图 9 苏长辉长岩的Dy/Yb-La/Yb图解(a)和(Tb/Yb)N-(La/Sm)N图解(b)
图a据Yang et al.(2007)；图b据Zhang et al.(2008)
Fig. 9. Dy/Yb vs La/Yb (a) and (Tb/Yb)N vs (La/Sm)N (b) diagrams for the norite gabbro
图 11 花岗闪长岩和苏长辉长岩Harke图解
Fig. 11. Harke diagrams for compositions of the granodiorite and norite gabbro
图 12 花岗闪长岩和苏长辉长岩协变图解
Fig. 12. Covariant diagrams for compositions of the granodiorite and norite gabbro
图 13 苏长辉长岩和花岗闪长岩的构造判别图解
图a据Wood et al.(1979)；图b据Pearce et al.(1984)
Fig. 13. The discrimination diagrams for the norite gabbro and granodiorite
图 14 早二叠世华北板块北缘构造环境示意图和岩浆演化模式
据Xiao et al.(2003)、Chen et al.(2016)修改
Fig. 14. Schematic diagram of tectonic setting for the northern margin of North China Block during Early Permian and schematic diagram of mechanism in formation of the magma
表 1 花岗闪长岩和苏长辉长岩的锆石U-Pb定年数据
Table 1. Zircon age data for the granodiorite and norite gabbro
样品 含量(10-6) Th/U 同位素比值 年龄(Ma) Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1δ 207Pb/235U 1δ 206Pb/238U 1δ 208Pb/232Th 1δ 206Pb/238U 1δ P27N2-1 1 178 326 0.56 0.051 97 0.032 62 0.303 64 0.069 84 0.044 00 0.019 02 257.3 14.6 277.6 5.2 2 205 380 0.56 0.053 19 0.029 85 0.288 08 0.106 45 0.044 40 0.019 29 250.8 20.8 280.0 5.3 3 159 265 0.62 0.053 35 0.035 11 0.285 03 0.064 53 0.043 50 0.019 27 251.9 11.8 274.5 5.2 4 105 207 0.52 0.051 29 0.038 30 0.234 16 0.073 94 0.043 12 0.019 76 226.8 12.7 272.1 5.3 5 132 210 0.65 0.055 42 0.049 85 0.299 01 0.079 94 0.042 96 0.019 95 249.1 13.1 271.2 5.3 6 202 365 0.57 0.051 99 0.032 94 0.295 38 0.064 09 0.043 19 0.020 19 260.5 12.7 272.6 5.4 7 99 173 0.59 0.054 69 0.042 94 0.311 56 0.062 13 0.043 60 0.020 27 271.4 12.9 275.1 5.5 8 221 337 0.68 0.051 37 0.032 00 0.312 88 0.038 61 0.043 46 0.018 61 267.4 8.2 274.2 5.0 9 241 438 0.57 0.053 76 0.032 97 0.339 86 0.039 07 0.044 76 0.018 20 300.3 8.8 282.3 5.0 10 181 238 0.78 0.054 09 0.047 90 0.283 42 0.088 78 0.043 16 0.019 73 261.9 12.4 272.4 5.3 11 147 281 0.54 0.053 55 0.034 57 0.327 08 0.039 68 0.044 30 0.019 48 283.5 9.5 279.4 5.3 12 242 380 0.66 0.052 95 0.029 26 0.337 04 0.036 66 0.045 26 0.018 44 285.2 11.1 285.4 5.1 13 125 214 0.60 0.055 09 0.038 31 0.295 87 0.071 57 0.043 08 0.019 83 251.8 13.5 271.9 5.3 14 111 216 0.53 0.053 43 0.039 50 0.269 82 0.116 28 0.042 30 0.020 44 234.0 22.1 267.1 5.3 15 173 278 0.64 0.054 07 0.034 04 0.274 83 0.063 19 0.043 28 0.019 18 243.5 10.9 273.1 5.1 P27N9-4 1 101 186 0.54 0.054 43 0.005 33 0.322 23 0.030 03 0.043 62 0.001 04 246.5 14.6 275.2 6.5 2 139 224 0.62 0.049 36 0.003 45 0.280 07 0.021 26 0.040 87 0.000 74 233.8 12.1 258.2 4.6 3 331 605 0.55 0.054 43 0.001 97 0.319 30 0.010 41 0.042 99 0.000 61 233.3 5.9 271.3 3.8 4 340 329 1.03 0.051 05 0.002 00 0.295 68 0.010 89 0.042 39 0.000 46 228.1 4.8 267.6 2.9 5 127 318 0.40 0.056 57 0.002 33 0.335 60 0.014 00 0.043 03 0.000 50 229.6 8.8 271.6 3.1 6 183 296 0.62 0.053 21 0.002 12 0.315 79 0.011 75 0.043 60 0.000 74 238.8 7.7 275.1 4.6 7 141 147 0.96 0.053 92 0.005 56 0.320 76 0.032 07 0.044 28 0.002 44 226.8 16.5 279.3 15.1 8 120 195 0.61 0.054 28 0.002 33 0.320 50 0.013 27 0.043 40 0.000 66 249.3 9.9 273.8 4.1 
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表 2 花岗闪长岩和苏长辉长岩的主量元素(%)和微量元素(10-6)分析结果
Table 2. Maior (%), trace elements (10-6) compositions for the granodiorite and norite gabbro
岩性 花岗闪长岩 苏长辉长岩 样品号 P27H2-1 P27H4-1 P27H4-2 P27H4-3 P27H4-4 P27H9-1 P27H9-2 P27H9-3 P27H9-4 T2014-5 T2014-6 SiO2 65.6 66.3 66.2 67.0 66.8 49.8 47.0 46.6 46.2 48.1 47.8 Al2O3 15.65 15.45 15.25 15.45 15.20 19.65 25.10 25.70 23.6 16.45 18.30 Fe2O3 4.26 4.11 4.04 4.05 4.13 7.87 5.08 4.97 5.53 10.20 9.21 CaO 3.49 3.40 3.67 3.55 3.43 11.00 15.40 15.55 15.35 10.70 11.30 MgO 1.98 1.94 1.90 1.90 1.92 7.00 4.79 4.47 5.82 7.46 6.80 K2O 3.78 4.15 3.77 3.87 3.71 0.92 0.28 0.20 0.19 0.98 1.13 Na2O 3.41 3.24 3.37 3.41 3.37 1.95 1.16 1.16 1.08 2.19 1.80 TiO2 0.54 0.51 0.51 0.50 0.51 0.51 0.30 0.41 0.28 1.08 0.76 MnO 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.12 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.18 0.15 P2O5 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.10 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.28 0.20 LOI 0.49 0.47 0.66 0.55 0.58 1.22 0.75 0.96 1.28 1.42 1.51 Total 99.64 99.98 99.74 100.70 100.05 100.30 100.20 100.40 99.74 99.25 99.17 Mg# 47.94 48.32 48.23 48.17 47.94 63.79 65.13 64.05 67.58 59.16 59.39 La 36.0 50.4 47.1 50.8 48.1 17.3 5.5 6.9 4.8 18.4 15.6 Ce 67.4 91.0 85.3 91.9 86.2 32.8 11.4 13.4 8.9 43.7 34.2 Pr 6.76 9.09 8.63 9.06 8.63 3.54 1.25 1.53 0.98 5.75 4.38 Nd 23.5 30.6 29.6 30.7 29.2 13.0 5.2 6.2 4.2 23.9 17.8 Sm 4.11 5.26 5.23 5.24 5.05 2.55 1.14 1.33 0.97 5.22 3.89 Eu 0.88 1.08 0.99 1.07 0.99 1.03 0.81 0.81 0.81 1.77 1.42 Gd 3.74 4.69 4.78 4.60 4.49 2.57 1.19 1.46 1.09 5.41 4.04 Tb 0.50 0.62 0.62 0.64 0.61 0.34 0.18 0.19 0.16 0.74 0.52 Dy 3.20 3.84 3.87 3.98 3.78 2.23 1.06 1.21 0.99 4.53 2.96 Ho 0.63 0.75 0.76 0.76 0.71 0.43 0.22 0.23 0.20 0.94 0.61 Er 2.06 2.49 2.64 2.62 2.42 1.38 0.65 0.63 0.63 2.64 1.81 Tm 0.21 0.33 0.37 0.39 0.35 0.17 0.08 0.10 0.07 0.38 0.23 Yb 1.91 2.28 2.44 2.50 2.38 1.21 0.63 0.53 0.61 2.35 1.49 Lu 0.27 0.33 0.35 0.37 0.33 0.17 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.38 0.26 Y 19.1 22.6 23.2 23.8 22.5 12.4 6.1 6.1 5.6 26.2 17.3 Rb 118.0 144.5 148.0 155.5 145.0 30.4 11.0 5.5 6.4 29.6 48.4 Sr 275 334 315 311 322 516 545 644 544 605 698 Ba 860 1185 936 970 911 346 130 133 101 236 343 U 0.90 1.09 2.06 1.51 1.42 0.55 0.17 0.14 0.10 0.49 0.86 Th 13.80 15.90 18.05 19.45 20.50 4.08 0.89 0.72 0.53 2.39 2.59 Nb 7.8 8.9 9.9 9.5 9.5 4.3 1.3 1.5 0.8 6.9 4.5 Ta 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Zr 253 240 222 231 243 95 32 26 19 90 67 Cr 50 80 70 70 80 110 280 240 300 220 110 V 860 1185 936 970 911 158 170 159 214 315 249 Hf 6.8 6.5 6.3 6.5 6.7 2.6 0.9 0.8 0.7 3.0 2.1 ∑REE 151.17 202.76 192.68 204.63 193.24 78.72 29.4 34.6 24.48 116.11 89.21 LREE/HREE 126.47 182.31 148.57 149.23 135.97 8.26 6.17 6.81 5.41 5.68 6.48 (La/Yb)N 12.71 14.9 13.01 13.70 13.63 9.64 5.89 8.78 5.31 5.28 7.06 δEu 0.69 0.66 0.61 0.67 0.64 1.23 2.13 1.78 2.41 1.02 1.10
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表 3 华北板块北缘二叠纪火成岩年龄汇总
Table 3. Summary of ages of the Permian igneous rocks in the northern margin of the North China Block
序号 样品号 纬度 经度 采样位置 岩性 年龄(Ma) 测试方法 来源 侵入岩 1 D490 41°03′57″ 117°20′22″ 波罗诺 角闪辉长岩 297±1 LA-ICP-MS Zhang et al., 2009b 2 WZ08 41°39′58″ 108°50.28′ 乌拉特中旗 花岗闪长岩 291±4 SHRIMP 罗红玲等，2007 3 05A06 40°50.35′ 113°37.14′ 喇嘛沟门 闪长岩 288±5 SHRIMP 王慧初等，2007 4 D079-1 41°01′37″ 117°06′17″ 凌营 花岗闪长岩 288±4 LA-ICP-MS Zhang et al., 2009a 5 ZL21C 40°59′ 115°39′ 赤城 二长花岗岩 287±1 LA-ICP-MS 王芳等，2009 6 D464 40°57′29″ 116°45′08″ 五道营子 闪长岩 283±2 LA-ICP-MS Zhang et al., 2009a 7 T1 109°3.9′ 41°54.7′ 乌拉特中旗 黑云母二长花岗岩 279±3 LA-ICP-MS 王挽琼等，2013 8 ZQ05-06 41°20′33″ 108°11′13″ 乌梁斯太 花岗岩 277±3 SHRIMP 罗红玲等，2009 9 99-7 113.61° 42.42° 镶黄旗 黑云角闪石英闪长岩 277.2±2.9 LA-ICP-MS 童英等，2010 10 D252 116°55.5′ 41°03.3′ 厢黄旗 辉长岩 276±2 SHRIMP Zhang et al., 2009a 11 SL04-28 108°05.3′ 41°31.7′ 乌拉特中旗 辉长岩 269±8 SHRIMP 赵磊等，2011 12 06B195 - - 白云鄂博 花岗闪长岩 269±3 LA-ICP-MS 范宏瑞等，2009 13 NM08-59 41°44′49″ 110°31′39″ 达茂旗 正长花岗岩 268±2 LA-ICP-MS 冯丽霞等，2013 14 BJG1 41°35′ 111°9.6′ 四子王旗 正长花岗岩 264±3.4 LA-ICP-MS 柳长峰等，2010 火山岩 15 G3117-12 41°46′ 113°11′ 土牧尔台 玄武安山岩 278.9±1.1 LA-ICP-MS 未发表数据 16 07057-1 41°50.62′ 112°51.18′ 三井泉乡 流纹质凝灰岩 276±2 LA-ICP-MS Zhang et al., 2016 17 07D024-1 42°24.40′ 119°41.58′ 赤峰 安山岩 273±6 SHRIMP Zhang et al., 2016 18 P28N9-1 41°45′53″ 113°13′49″ 西井子 流纹岩 269.5±3.4 LA-ICP-MS 董晓杰等，2016 19 - - - 白云鄂博 安山岩 265.9 K-Ar 许立权，2005 20 08485-1 41°59′33″ 111°34′24″ 达茂旗 流纹岩 264±2 LA-ICP-MS Zhang et al., 2016
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