Provenance Evolution of Paleogene Sequence (Northern South China Sea) Based on Detrital Zircon U-Pb Dating Analysis
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摘要: 长期以来，由于地质资料的限制，有关南海早期裂陷过程中的沉积演化问题一直缺乏相对深入的认识与了解.采用碎屑锆石U-Pb定年方法，对南海北部古近纪沉积物进行"源-汇"对比分析.结果表明，该时期南海北部不仅接受来自北部河流搬运的陆源碎屑物质，同时还受到盆地内部局部隆升区物源的影响.其中，始新世沉积物以下白垩统物源为主，至早渐新世，琼东南盆地接受了来自海南岛及西沙隆起带的沉积物，珠江口盆地珠一坳陷同时期的锆石磨圆度较高，年龄谱系同华南沿海地区一致，说明很可能接受了来自华南沿海地区的陆源物质；而处于盆地南侧的白云凹陷同时期存在自形程度极高的锆石，反映其物源极可能为盆地内近源的局部隆起区.到晚渐新世荔湾凹陷沉积物中开始出现较多元古代锆石，与其北部同时期沉积物明显不同，琼东南盆地N6井也开始出现较多元古代锆石，其物源可能与南海西侧隆起有关.资料显示，在古近纪，现代意义上的珠江并未形成，其在早渐新世仅影响到珠一坳陷，到晚渐新世影响到珠二坳陷北侧.因此，珠江在古近纪具有从小到大逐步演化的特点.Abstract: The early rift provenance evolution of the South China Sea (SCS) remains unsystematically explored due to limitations of borehole coverage and shortages of reliable dating results. In this study, detrital zircon U-Pb dating methodology was used to investigate the "source to sink" patterns of Paleogene syn-rift sequences in the northern SCS. In addition to the terrigenous supply transported from the north, it is found that intrabasinal provenances are also of great significance. The Eocene samples are dominated by Early Cretaceous zircon. The Early Oligocene sediments of Qiongdongnan basin indicate a source from Hainan Island and Xisha uplift while contemporary sediments of Zhu-1 depression in northern Pearl River Mouth basin were supplied by southeastern South China with highly-grained zircons sharing similar U-Pb age characteristics. Nevertheless, based on the existence of euhedral zircon shapes, Baiyun sag in southern Pearl River Mouth basin was most likely dominated by intrabasinal sources. The late Oligocene sequence of Liwan sag and Qiongdongnan basin could have been supplied by western uplift of the SCS with the increasing abundance of Proterozoic zircon ages. It has been revealed that the Pearl River could only have contributed to the infill of Zhu-1 depression during Early Oligocene before evolving into the terrigeous source for northern Zhu-2 depression in Late Oligocene. Conclusively, the Paleogene provenance development of the northern SCS is remarkably featured as episodic and diachronic Pearl River evolution processes.
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Key words:
- sediments /
- zircon U-Pb dating /
- Baiyun sag /
- Qiongdongnan basin /
- Paleogene /
- South China Sea
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图 2 南海北部古近纪地层岩性分布柱状图
Fig. 2. Lithostratigraphic columns of the Paleogene sediments of the northern SCS
图 3 南海北部潜在物源区锆石U-Pb年龄
核密度曲线图及蛛网图，N.锆石数量，S.样品个数.现代红河引自Burrett et al.(2014)；越南中部引自van Hoang et al.(2009)
Fig. 3. Detrital zircon U-Pb age distribution patterns from potential sources in the northern SCS plotted as kernel density estimation and spider diagrams
图 4 研究区样品部分锆石CL图
Fig. 4. CL images of representative zircon grains from the studied samples
图 5 始新世-渐新世南海北部锆石U-Pb年龄分布及最年轻年龄
Fig. 5. Detrital zircon U-Pb age distributions shown with the youngest of the Eocene-Oligocene samples in the northern SCS
图 6 南海南、北部古近纪地层锆石U-Pb年龄分布
Fig. 6. Detrital zircon U-Pb age distribution of the Paleogene sequences in the SCS
图 7 南海北部地区始新世-渐新世物源演化历史
Fig. 7. Eocene-Oligocene provenance evolution in the northern SCS
表 1 本文样品及相关研究井位和地层年龄汇总
Table 1. List of samples (identified by borehole and stratigraphic times) analyzed for detrital zircon U-Pb dating
位置 井号 样品号 取样深度(m) 地层年龄 统计锆石数目 参考文献 珠江口盆地 N1 N1-1 3379~3403 晚渐新世 167 本文 N1-2 3526~3536 晚渐新世 106 N1-3 3713~3726 早渐新世 119 N1-4 3766~3775 始新世 110 N1-5 3787~3796 始新世 118 N1-6 3930~3950 始新世 116 N2 N2-1 3190~3200 晚渐新世 97 本文 N2-2 3730~3740 早渐新世 113 N2-3 3900~3910 早渐新世 93 N3 N3-1 1850~1855 晚渐新世 126 本文 N3-2 1875~1880 早渐新世 103 N4 N4-1 3391~3425 晚渐新世 101 本文 N4-2 3641~3672 早渐新世 102 莺歌海和琼东南盆地 N5 N5-1 3900~3920 晚渐新世 80 本文 N5-2 5061~5064 早渐新世 75 N6 N6-1 3870 晚渐新世 79 本文 N7 N7-1 2326 前新生代基底 74 本文 未知 YLSH 未知 晚渐新世 114 Yan et al., 2011 未知 QLSH 未知 晚渐新世 101 Yan et al., 2011 LS33 LS33 4030~4201 早渐新世 37 Xiu et al., 2015 
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