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    热动力条件对白云凹陷深水区珠海组砂岩成岩演化过程的影响

    李弛 罗静兰 胡海燕 陈淑慧 王代富 柳保军 马永坤 陈亮 李晓艳

    李弛, 罗静兰, 胡海燕, 陈淑慧, 王代富, 柳保军, 马永坤, 陈亮, 李晓艳, 2019. 热动力条件对白云凹陷深水区珠海组砂岩成岩演化过程的影响. 地球科学, 44(2): 572-587. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.618
    引用本文: 李弛, 罗静兰, 胡海燕, 陈淑慧, 王代富, 柳保军, 马永坤, 陈亮, 李晓艳, 2019. 热动力条件对白云凹陷深水区珠海组砂岩成岩演化过程的影响. 地球科学, 44(2): 572-587. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.618
    Li Chi, Luo Jinglan, Hu Haiyan, Chen Shuhui, Wang Daifu, Liu Baojun, Ma Yongkun, Chen Liang, Li Xiaoyan, 2019. Thermodynamic Impact on Deepwater Sandstone Diagenetic Evolution of Zhuhai Formation in Baiyun Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin. Earth Science, 44(2): 572-587. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.618
    Citation: Li Chi, Luo Jinglan, Hu Haiyan, Chen Shuhui, Wang Daifu, Liu Baojun, Ma Yongkun, Chen Liang, Li Xiaoyan, 2019. Thermodynamic Impact on Deepwater Sandstone Diagenetic Evolution of Zhuhai Formation in Baiyun Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin. Earth Science, 44(2): 572-587. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.618

    热动力条件对白云凹陷深水区珠海组砂岩成岩演化过程的影响

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.618
    基金项目: 

    国家科技重大专项 2016ZX05026003-005

    国家自然科学项目基金 41572128

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      李弛(1991-), 男, 在读博士生, 从事碎屑岩储层沉积学及石油与天然气地质学研究

      通讯作者:

      罗静兰

    • 中图分类号: P597

    Thermodynamic Impact on Deepwater Sandstone Diagenetic Evolution of Zhuhai Formation in Baiyun Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin

    • 摘要: 珠江口盆地白云凹陷位于中国南海北部,是目前我国深水油气勘探研究的重要区域.盆地现今大地热流值为24.2~121.0 mW/m2,单井现今地温梯度(Gra)最高可达6.64 ℃/100 m,具"热盆"属性.白云凹陷裂后沉降阶段,特别是白云运动(23.8 Ma)发生之后,盆地由断裂控盆转变为断裂、热作用共同控盆,热作用及热动力条件成为控制研究区储层成岩演化过程的重要因素,珠海组地层的镜质体反射率值、砂岩中次生流体包裹体均一温度、热液成因自生矿物等热流背景及岩石学记录为这一观点提供了有力证据.通过铸体薄片显微镜下观察与定量统计、电镜扫描观察、X-射线衍射分析等,发现白云凹陷北部中-低地温梯度(LGR,Gra ≤ 4.5 ℃/100 m)和南部高地温梯度(HGR,Gra>4.5 ℃/100 m)两个地区珠海组砂岩的成岩作用特征、成岩演化过程存在以下差异:(1)中-低地温梯度地区珠海组砂岩的压实作用主要是静岩压实作用;高地温梯度地区珠海组砂岩的原生孔隙受静岩压实作用和热压实作用的共同控制,压实减孔速率高,等孔隙度埋深显著变浅;(2)地层升温速率的增大加快了储层中粘土矿物转化的速率,高地温梯度地区高岭石消失的埋深界限较中-低地温梯度地区浅,I/S(伊利石/蒙皂石混层)有序化进程较中-低地温梯度地区有所加快;(3)中-低地温梯度地区珠海组砂岩成岩演化过程属正常有序演变,高地温梯度地区受构造热事件的影响明显,深部流体参与了高地温梯度地区珠海组砂岩的成岩演化过程,地层孔隙水物质交换过程复杂,成岩演化进程加快,改变了碳酸盐矿物溶解-沉淀热平衡状态,各成岩作用过程活跃并出现一些典型的热液成因自生矿物组合.

       

    • 图  1  珠江口盆地大地热流分布

      据中海石油深圳分公司研究院2015年内部资料修改

      Fig.  1.  Distribution of heat flow in Pearl River Mouth basin

      图  2  白云凹陷典型单井镜质体反射率(Ro)-埋藏深度关系图

      a.Y33-1,Gra=3.56 ℃/100 m;b.P11-1,Gra=4.00 ℃/100 m;c.H21-1,Gra=5.10 ℃/100 m;d.W3-1,Gra=5.30 ℃/100 m;T80:不整合界面,对应36 Ma珠琼运动二幕;T70:不整合界面,对应30.0 Ma南海运动;T60:不整合界面,对应23.8 Ma白云运动;T35:不整合界面,对应13.8 Ma最大海侵期;T32:不整合界面,对应10.5 Ma东沙运动

      Fig.  2.  Relationship between the vitrinite reflectance(Ro)and burial depth of typical wells in Baiyun sag

      图  3  白云凹陷珠海组砂岩次生包裹体均一温度直方图

      Fig.  3.  Histogram of homogenization temperature of secondary fluid inclusions in sandstone in Zhuhai Formation, Baiyun sag

      图  4  白云凹陷珠海组砂岩次生包裹体均一温度-埋深-地温梯度关系图

      Fig.  4.  Relationship between geothermal gradient and homogenization temperature of secondary fluid inclusions in sandstone in Zhuhai Formation, Baiyun sag

      图  5  白云凹陷发现的热液成因自生矿物镜下照片

      a.片钠铝石(NaAl)充填粒间孔隙,电镜扫描3 000×,W21-1,珠江组,Gra=6.64 ℃/100 m;b.重晶石(Ba)及伊/蒙混层(I/S),电镜扫描4 000×,P11-1,珠海组,Gra=4.00 ℃/100 m;c.钾长石溶蚀后自生钠长石(Ab)沿钾长石解理分布,电镜扫描1 300×,W2-1,珠海组,Gra=4.77 ℃/100 m

      Fig.  5.  Pictures of authigenic hydrothermal minerals discovered in Baiyun sag

      图  6  不同地温梯度下砂岩等孔隙度埋深界限变化规律

      Fig.  6.  Distribution of isoporosity limit buried depth of sandstone in different geothermal gradient areas

      图  7  白云凹陷珠海组砂岩成岩作用镜下特征

      a.骨架矿物颗粒间以线-凹凸接触为主,铁白云石(Ank)充填粒间孔隙,单偏光200×,Y35-2,Gra=3.93 ℃/100 m;b.方解石(Cal)连晶式胶结交代长石,单偏光100×,Y20-1,Gra=3.54 ℃/100 m;c.高岭石(Kln)充填粒间溶蚀扩大孔隙,结晶度较低,单偏光200×,P11-1,Gra=4.00 ℃/100 m;d.高岭石(Kln)沉淀于长石铸模孔内,单偏光200×,P11-1,Gra=4.00 ℃/100 m;e.粒表丝状伊利石(I)和叶片状绿泥石(Chl),电镜扫描3 870×,H16-2,Gra=3.68 ℃/100 m;f.铁白云石(Ak)、钾长石(Or)及片状伊/蒙混层(I/S)发生溶蚀,电镜扫描2 000×,P11-1,Gra=4.00 ℃/100 m;g.骨架矿物颗粒间线-凹凸接触,石英次生加大边发育,单偏光50×,W3-2,Gra=4.72 ℃/100 m;h.方解石(Cal)充填长石粒内溶孔、交代长石,单偏光200×,W3-2,Gra=4.72 ℃/100 m;i.高岭石(Kln)充填长石粒内溶孔及粒间溶蚀扩大孔,结晶度较高,单偏光200×,W3-2,Gra=4.72 ℃/100 m;j.自生高岭石(Kln)充填于长石铸模孔内,形成于长石溶蚀之后,单偏光100×,W3-2,Gra=4.72 ℃/100 m;k.石膏(G)、片状伊/蒙混层(I/S)充填粒间孔隙,电镜扫描6 000×,W6-1,Gra=6.67 ℃/100 m;l.铁方解石胶结(Cal)孔隙式胶结,并发生溶蚀,单偏光100×,W21-1,Gra=6.64 ℃/100 m

      Fig.  7.  Diagenetic characteristics of sandstone in Zhuhai Formation in Baiyun sag

      图  8  不同地温梯度下砂岩压实作用造成的孔隙丧失

      Fig.  8.  Compactional porosity loss of sandstone in different geothermal gradient areas

      图  9  不同地温梯度下砂岩储层钾长石、高岭石含量随深度变化规律

      Fig.  9.  Abundance of K-feldspar and kaolinite of sandstone reservoir with buried depth in different geothermal gradient areas

      图  10  不同地温梯度下砂岩储层高岭石、I/S中S%含量随深度变化规律

      Fig.  10.  Abundance of kaolinite and S% in I/S of sandstone reservoir with buried depth in different geothermal gradient areas

      图  11  碳酸盐胶结物含量与溶蚀率关系

      Fig.  11.  Relationship between precipitation and dissolution of carbonate cement

      图  12  白云凹陷连井地震剖面断层及气烟囱解释

      据中海石油深圳分公司研究院内部资料修改

      Fig.  12.  Seismic characteristics of fault and gas chimney in Baiyun sag

      图  13  白云凹陷不同地温梯度地区珠海组砂岩埋藏-成岩演化路径

      Fig.  13.  Burial-diagenesis evolution paths of sandstone in discrepant gradient areas in Zhuhai Formation, Baiyun sag

      表  1  白云凹陷珠海组砂岩中流体包裹体均一温度数据统计

      Table  1.   Data statistics of homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in sandstone in Zhuhai Formation, Baiyun sag

      岩石类型 宿主矿物及产状 均一温度(℃) 测点数(个)
      范围 平均值
      砂岩 切穿石英颗粒愈合裂隙 89.7~192.0 157.4 33
      石英次生加大边 142.0~215.0 187.9 3
      石英颗粒表面微裂隙 87.9~201.3 138.0 78
      下载: 导出CSV
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